Lipid Metabolism

dr. Hesty Wahyuningsih

Dept. Biokimia

Out line
Overview of Human Metabolism
Lipids of Physiologic Significance
Lipid metabolism:
Degradation
Digestion
Absorption
Lipid transport
-oxidation
Biosynthesis

Overview of Human
Metabolism

Harpers Illustrated Biochemist

Harpers Illustrated Biochemist

LIPID
: hydrocarbon, hydrophobic.
Consist of:
-

triacylgycerol,

phopholipid,

cholesterol

LIPID METABOLISM
Degradation
Digestion
Absorption
Lipid transport
-oxidation
Biosynthesis
fatty acid synthesis
cholesterol synthesis

DIGESTION, ABSORPTION and

TRANSPORT of LIPID
Bile salts help in the digestion of fats, cholesterol
and fat-soluble vitamins by forming mixed micelles
which solubilize the fats and render them accessible to
digestive enzymes.
The presence of free fatty acids in the duodenum causes
release of the peptide hormone cholecystokinin which
causes the gallbladder to release bile salts and the
pancreas to release pancreatic lipase.
Pancreatic lipase hydrolyzes triglycerides
(triacylglycerols) to give free fatty acids and 2monoglycerides which are absorbed by the intestinal
mucosa cells.
Short-chain fatty acids (< C12) enter the portal vein
and are transported directly to the liver.

All other fatty acids are re-esterified with the 2monoglycerides to form triglycerides which are
incorporated into lipoprotein particles called
chylomicrons which enter the lymphatic vessels.

Harpers Illustrated Biochemist

Lipoprotein
1. Chylomicron: transport lipid which form from
digesting and absorbing (>Triasilgliserol)
2. VLDL: transport triacilgliserol from liver
(>Triasilgliserol)
3. LDL : rich of cholesterol, forming from VLDL
metabolism
4. HDL : rich of cholesterol at joint cholesterol
secretion process from the tissue (> Protein)

3 jalur metabolisme
lipoprotein
1. Metabolisme
Eksogen
2. Metabolisme
Endogen
3. Reverse
Cholestrol
Transport

Harpers Illustrated Biochemist

exogne

FAT TISSUES

Harpers Illustrated Biochemist

11

endogne

FAT TISSUES

Harpers Illustrated Biochemi

REVERSE COLESTROL
TRANSPORT

Harpers Illustrated Biochemi

Figure 24.13

Energy

Glucose

40 kcal

Glycogne

600 kcal

Protine

25.000 kcal

Lipid

100.000 kcal

 - Oksidasi
setelah memasuki
sel asam lemak
masuk ke matriks
mitokondria
degradasi lebih
lanjut.

Step 1.
Asam lemak diaktivasi
dgn enzim Acyl CoA
synthase /
thiokinase

Harpers Illustrated Biochemist

Untuk masuk ke
dalam matrik
mitokondria,
asam lemak yg
sudah diaktivasi
memerlukan
karier karnitin
-Karnitin
palmitoiltrans
ferase I :
membran luar
-Karnitin
palmitoiltrans
ferase II :
membran
dalam

Harpers Illustrated Biochemist

Harpers Illustrated Biochemist

STEP 2:
Berperan pada
pembentukan
rantai
Setelah di dalam
mitokondria.....
ganda antara atom C2
C3.
Mempunyai akseptor
hidrogen FAD+.
STEP 3:
Mengkatalisis hidrasi
trans enoyl CoA
Penambahan gugus
hidroksi pada C no. 3
Menghasilkan 3-Lhidroksiasil Co. A

Harpers Illustrated Biochemist

STEP 4:
Mengkatalisis oksidasi
-OH pada C no. 3 / C
menjadi keton
Akseptor elektronnya :
NAD+TEP
STEP 5 :
Thiolase
mengkatalisis
pemecahan ikatan
thioester.
Acetyl-CoA dilepas
dan tersisa asil ko A
menghasilkan fatty
acyl-CoA (yang telah
berkurang 2 C).

Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry

Lipogenesis and Lipolysis

Figure 24.14

HSL: hormone sensitive lipase, TG: trigliserid, FFA: Free fatty

acid, FA: fatty acid, AcCoA: acetyl Co-A