Fundamentals of

Cellular and Wireless Networks

Lecture ID: ET- IDA-113/114

Tutorial-1

The Cellular Concept

System Design Fundamentals
06.06.2012 , v10
Prof. W. Adi
Technical University of Braunschweig

IDA: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering

Cellular & Wireless Networks

Page : 1

Cellular Design Fundamentals Summary

7

6
1

6
3

1
3

5
4

1
4

First interference tier

Network cell layout

Technical University of Braunschweig

IDA: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering

Frequency reuse distance D = R 3N

Co-Channel reuse ratio Q = D/R = 3N

1
4
2

6
3

Frequency reuse factor is 1/N

1
3

Where i, j are integers

Single cluster
Cluster size N=7
R: Cell radius

Cluster size N = i2 + ij + j2

4
2

2
3

4
6

Co-channel interference ratio S/I:

S/I = R-n / Din
Simplified S/I = Qn / 6 = 1/6 (3N)n/2
=> N = 1/3 (6 S/I)2/n

Approx. W.c. S/I

Cellular & Wireless Networks

Page : 2

Problem 1.1:
If a total of 33MHz of bandwidth is allocated to a particular FDD cellular telephone system which
uses 25 kHz simplex channels to provide full duplex voice and control channels.
1. Compute the number of channels available per cell for a system cluster size N= 4, 7 and 12 cells
2. Compute the total channel capacity of the network if only 50 base stations are to be installed.
3. Finde the frequency reuse distance D if the if an area of 250 square kilometer is to be covered
assuming the use of hexagonal cell shape.

Solution 1.1:
1.

Channel bandwidth = 25 kHz x 2 simplex channels= 50 kHz/duplex channel

The total available channels= 33 000 /50 = 660 channels
For N=4 number of channels/cell = 660/4 165 channels
For N=7 number of channels/cell = 660/7 95 channels
For N=12 number of channels/cell = 660/12 55 channels

2.

For N=4, 165 channels/cell x 50 = 8250 channels frequency reuse factor 1/N= =0.25
For N=7, 95 channels/cell x 50 = 4750 channels frequency reuse factor 1/N= 1/7=0.14
For N=12, 55 channels/cell x 50 = 2750 channels frequency reuse factor 1/N= 1/12=0.08

3.

Every base station covers 250/50 = 5 square kilometers 2.6 R2 = 5

Frequency resuse distance for N= 4 D = R 3N = 1.39 3x4
Frequency resuse distance for N= 7 D = R 3N = 1.39 3x7
Frequency resuse distance for N= 12 D = R 3N = 1.39 3x12

Technical University of Braunschweig

IDA: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering

=> R = 1.39 km

= 4.78 km
= 6.32 km
= 8.28 km

Cellular & Wireless Networks

Page : 3

Problem 1.2:
What is the number of RF channels per cell in the GSM network for the frequencyspectrum allocation as
shown below
1. Compute the cluster size N for GSM system if the required signal to interference ratio S/I is 14 dB
and the path loss exponent n= 4.
2. What is the number of channels per cell in GSM under the given S/I condition?
3. What is the number of omnidirectional base stations having 2KM coverage radius for an area of
312 square kilometer. Use the hexagonal cell layout model.
4. What is the maximum number of simultanious users in the network
5. What would be the maximum number of simultanious users in the network if the signal to
interference ratio S/I is reduced to 10 dB ?
6. Comput the frequency reuse distance for both S/I cases.
890-915 MHz for uplink (reverse) -> 25 MHz bandwidth
935-960 MHz for downlink (forward) -> 25 MHz bandwidth
200 KHz per digital channel
8 voice channels per digital channel

Technical University of Braunschweig

IDA: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering

Cellular & Wireless Networks

Page : 4

Solution 1.2:
As shown in the above Figure, we have 25 000 KHz/200 KHz=125 channels, one of which is
reserved for guard band and 124 channels remain for users. On each channel 8 voice channels
are carried by using 8 time-multiplexing. Total number of voice channels=124 x 8 = 992

Co-channel interference ratio S/I:

S/I = R-n / Din
Simplified S/I = Qn / 6 = 1/6 (3N)n/2
=> N = 1/3 (6 S/I)2/n

1.

Cluster size for a given S/I is : N = 1/3 (6 S/I)2/n

14 dB S/I=25.11
N = 1/3 (6 x 25.11)2/4 4.09 => N=4

2.

Maximum number of simultaneous users per cell is:

124 (RF channels) x 8 users/channel = 248 voice channels per cell
4 Cells/cluster

Cell area is = 2.6 R2 = 2.6 x 22 = 10.4 KM2

Number of required base stations = 312/10.4 = 30 base stations

4.

Maximum number of simultaneous users (channels) = 248 user/cell x 30 cells = 7440 channels

5.

10 dB S/I=10, N = 1/3 (6 x 10)2/4 2.58 cells/cluster

=> N=3
124 (RF channels) x 8 users/channel = 330 channels per cell
3 Cells/cluster
Maximum number of system channels = 330 user/cell x 30 cells = 9900 channels
Co-channel distance D = R 3N = 2 KM 3x4 = 6.93 KM for N=4
Co-channel distance D = R 3N = 2 KM 3x3 = 6.0 KM for N=3

6.

Technical University of Braunschweig

IDA: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering

Cellular & Wireless Networks

Page : 5

Problem 1.3:
What is the number of channels per cell in the AMPS network for the frequencyspectrum allocation as
shown below
1. Compute the cluster size N for AMPS system if the required signal to interference ratio S/I is 18 dB
and the path loss exponent n= 4.
2. What is the number of channels per cell in AMPS under the given S/I condition?
3. What is the number of omnidirectional base stations having 2KM coverage radius for an area of
312 square kilometer. Use the hexagonal cell layout model.
4. What is the maximum number of simultanious users in the network
5. What would be the maximum number of simultanious users in the network if the signal to
interference ratio S/I is reduced to 14 dB ?
6. Comput the frequency reuse distance for both S/I cases.

AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System Frequency specrum allocation

Technical University of Braunschweig

IDA: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering

Cellular & Wireless Networks

Page : 6

Solution 1.3:
As shown in the Figure, we have 416 channels: 21 of which are control channels and 395
channels remain for users

Co-channel interference ratio S/I:

S/I = R-n / Din
Simplified S/I = Qn / 6 = 1/6 (3N)n/2
=> N = (1/3) (6 S/I)2/n

1.

Cluster size for a given S/I is : N = 1/3 (6 S/I)2/n

18 dB S/I=63
N = 1/3 (6 x 63)2/4 6.48 => N=7

2.

Maximum number of simultaneous users per cell (channels per cell) is:
395 (voice channels) 56.42 = 56 channels per cell
7 Cells/cluster

Cell area is = 2.6 R2 = 2.6 x 22 = 10.4 KM2

Number of required base stations = 312/10.4 = 30 base stations

4.

Maximum number of simultaneous users = 56 user/cell x 30 cells = 1,680 channels

5.

14 dB <=> S/I=25.11, N = 1/3 (6 x 25.11)2/4 4.09 cells/cluster

=> N=4
395 (voice channels) 98.75 = 99 channels per cell
4 Cells/cluster
Maximum number of system channels = 99 user/cell x 30 cells = 2,970 channels
Co-channel distance D = R 3N = 2 KM 3x7 = 9.16 KM for N=7
Co-channel distance D = R 3N = 2 KM 3x4 = 6.93 KM for N=4

6.

Technical University of Braunschweig

IDA: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering

Cellular & Wireless Networks

Page : 7

Problem 1.4:
find the S/I ratio for the cellular model shown below taking into account first and second tier
interfering cells. Use i=2, j=1 and N=7 cluster size.

D1

Technical University of Braunschweig

IDA: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering

D2

Cellular & Wireless Networks

Page : 8

Solution 1.4:
30
D2
D1 cos 30+

D1

D1 cos 30+

30

Technical University of Braunschweig

IDA: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering

Cellular & Wireless Networks

Page : 9

D1 = R 3N

=> D2 = 2 D1 cos 30 = 2 D1 3 = D1 3 =3R N

D2 =3R N

Technical University of Braunschweig

IDA: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering

Cellular & Wireless Networks

Page : 10

Problem 1.5:
Referring to problem 1.1. If the cell radius R in a cellular network is 1390 meter and the
mobile device sensitivity is 80 dBm (Pt (dBm)= 10 log10 Pt ) . Find the required transmitter
power of a base station assuming that the received power at the distance of 10 meter from
the base station antenna is 45 dB less than the transmitted power. (use the simplified
propagation model with n=4).

Solution 1.5:

Pt

P0 = Pt - 45
Thus:
Pt = P0 + 45
Pt = 5.72+ 45
Pt = 50.72 dBm
Pt (dBm)= 10 log10 Pt (mW)
50.72(dBm) = 10 log10 Pt
Pt= 105.07= 118048 mw

Pt= 118.048 watt

Technical University of Braunschweig

IDA: Institute of Computer and Network Engineering

R=1390 m
d0 = 10 m

P0 = ? dBm

Pr
-80dBm

45 dB loss

Pr = P0 ( dr/d0) n
for n=4
10 log Pr = 10 log P0 - 40 log dr + 40 log d0
Pr(dBm) = P0(dBm) - 40 log 1390 + 40 log 10
-80 dBm = P0(dBm) - 40 log 1390 + 40
P0(dBm) = - 80 dBm + 40 x 3.14 - 40
P0(dBm) = - 80 dBm + 125.72 40 = 5.72 dBm
Cellular & Wireless Networks

Page : 11