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Tutorial-3
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Problem 3.1:
Consider a cellular system for which:
An average call holding time H=2 minutes and average call rate =2 calls/hour per user.
Suppose AMPS cellular system with a total of 395 traffic channels and 7-cell reuse system
is used. Assuming Erlang B distribution and a designed blocking probability not more than
1% is required.
(a)
Find the number of users in each cell and the number of performed calls per hour in each
cell
(b) Repeat (a) employing 120 sectoring
(c) Repeat (a) employing 60 sectoring
(Rap. Example 3.9 Ed. 2002)
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Solution 3.1:
(a)
(b)
For 120 sectoring: the number of simultaneous users per sector is:
57 channels = 19 channels
3
Given C=19, B=1% A = 11.2 Erlangs (From Table).
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(c)
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1
(Controls all 3 zones)
2
3
Large central sender is replaced by 3 or more low power senders (coverage radius is retained)
3 zones act as receivers but only the best receiving zone sites sends
When the mobile moves, the zone may change but the channel remains (no handover is necessary)
Co-channel interference is small and N=3 can be used instead of N=7.
Thus the capacity is increased by the factor 7/3 = 2.33
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f1
B
1
10
11
f2
12
...
Allocated frequency
Channel spacing
Example: 3B channel spacing
within the cell
c1
1
10
11
12
c2
Channel assignment Strategies:
1. Fixed channel assignment strategy
2. Dynamic channel assignment strategy
(read Ch 2.3 in textbook)
c3
Typically 5% of the channels are used for control, mostly 1 control channel/cell
Rest channels for payload (voice, data, ...)
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Problem 3.2:
Sketch the fixed channel allocation in AMPS (Analog FDMA) and IS-136 (digital FDMA/TDMA)
Cellular system
{7,14,21,28..}
For A cellular cluster size of N=7
{1,8,15,22..}
Solution:
3
Both systems use 12.5 MHz bandwidth with 30 kHz per channel
5
A total of 416 channels are available
4
21 are used for control and 395 for voice communication
In AMPS every channel carries one voice call in IS-136 every channel carries 3 calls in TDMA
We have 395 channels per cluster and N=7 cells/cluster.
Number of channels/cell=395/7=56.42, therefore 56 or 57 channels/cell are used.
Cell 1 has channels: ( 1,
Cell 2 has channels: ( 2,
Cell 3 has channels: ( 3,
Cell 4 has channels: ( 4,
Cell 5 has channels: ( 5,
Cell 6 has channels: ( 6,
Cell 7 has channels: ( 7,
8, .....
9, .....
10, ....
11, ....
12, ....
13, ....
14, ....
, 393),
, 394),
, 395),
, 389),
, 390),
, 391),
, 392),
(57 channels)
(57 channels)
(57 channels)
(56 channels)
(56 channels)
(56 channels)
(56 channels)
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Problem 3.3:
Sketch the fixed channel allocation in GSM using 125 channels each 200 KHz in FDMA mode
(total bandwidth for one way is 25 MHz). Every channel carries 8 voice channels in
TDMA mode.
A typical cluster size of N=4 is used
Solution:
A total of 124 channels are availablefor voice communication and 1 channel for control.
For A cellular cluster size of N=4
Cell 1 has channels: ( 1,
Cell 2 has channels: ( 2,
Cell 3 has channels: ( 3,
Cell 4 has channels: ( 4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
.....
.....
.....
.....
, 120)
, 121)
, 122)
, 123)
31 channels/cell
1
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
4
3
example 5.16 from the Book: principles of Wireless Networks, by K. Pahlavan and P. Krishnamurthy)
Technical University of Braunschweig
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