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Dysphagia
Justice
Communication Sciences and Disorders: An
Introduction
10.1
Focus Questions
What is dysphagia?
How is dysphagia classified?
What are the defining characteristics of
dysphagia?
How is dysphagia identified?
How is dysphagia treated?
Justice
Communication Sciences and Disorders: An
Introduction
10.2
Introduction
Dysphagia: impairment in the ability to
swallow because of neurological or
structural problems that alter the normal
swallowing process
ASHA expanded the Scope of Practice for
speech-language pathologists to include
swallowing disorders in late 1980s
Dysphagia intervention now makes up
about 50% of a SLPs caseload in medical
settings (e.g., hospital, nursing homes)
Justice
Communication Sciences and Disorders: An
Introduction
10.3
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Communication Sciences and Disorders: An
Introduction
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Communication Sciences and Disorders: An
Introduction
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Communication Sciences and Disorders: An
Introduction
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Communication Sciences and Disorders: An
Introduction
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10.8
Justice
Communication Sciences and Disorders: An
Introduction
10.9
I. What is Dysphagia?
Disorder of swallowing rendering person
unable to safely and/or efficiently eat or
drink
To understand disorder swallowing, must
first understand the normal swallowing
process
Justice
Communication Sciences and Disorders: An
Introduction
10.10
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Communication Sciences and Disorders: An
Introduction
10.11
10.12
Oral Phase
Bolus is propelled to the back of the mouth
stripping action by the tongue
Tension in the cheeks (buccal muscles)
Justice
Communication Sciences and Disorders: An
Introduction
10.13
Pharyngeal Phase
Justice
Communication Sciences and Disorders: An
Introduction
10.14
Justice
Communication Sciences and Disorders: An
Introduction
10.15
Esophageal Phase
Bolus is propelled through the esophagus
by an involuntary wave or contraction
Moves from the upper esophageal
sphincter through the lower esophageal
sphincter and into the stomach
Time: 8-20 seconds, can be influenced by
age (often increase in duration in elderly
population)
Respiration: normal through nose and
mouth
Justice
Communication Sciences and Disorders: An
Introduction
10.16
10.17
Additional Considerations
Dysphagia should not be confused with a
disruption in feeding, but it is one
subgroup of feeding disorders
Dysphagia is not a disease but a symptom
of several etiologies (e.g., neurological
injuries, progressive brain diseases)
Social and psychological impacts of
dysphagia: changes in eating routines and
food choices, decreased personal
independence, and challenge to
participating in community activities
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Communication Sciences and Disorders: An
Introduction
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Communication Sciences and Disorders: An
Introduction
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Communication Sciences and Disorders: An
Introduction
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Communication Sciences and Disorders: An
Introduction
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Communication Sciences and Disorders: An
Introduction
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Communication Sciences and Disorders: An
Introduction
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Stroke
Dysphagia Causes:
Neurological Disease
10.26
Dysphagia Causes:
Progressive Neurological Disease
Parkinsons disease:
Incidence of dysphagia from 50% to 92%
Drooling, problems in bolus preparation and
transport, delayed swallowing reflex, aspiration,
residual materials in pharynx
Dementia:
Dysphagia is common feature in moderate and
severe impairment levels
Justice
Communication Sciences and Disorders: An
Introduction
10.27
Dysphagia Causes:
Head and Neck Cancers
10.28
Dysphagia Causes:
Medical Interventions
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Justice
Communication Sciences and Disorders: An
Introduction
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