Management

Control

The meaning of
control
A systematic effort to set
performance standards with
planning objectives, to design
information feedback systems, to
compare actual performance with
standards, to determine whether
there are any deviations and to
take any action if required.
Control is the process of ensuring
that actual activities conform to
planned activities.
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Process of Control
Slide 3 of 3

If deviations are
acceptable
Take no
corrective
action
Set
performance
standards

Measure
actual
performance

Compare
performance
with
standards

If deviations are
unacceptable
Take
corrective
action
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Steps in the control process

1.Establish standards and methods for
measuring performance.-standards should be
stated in clear, measurable terms that
include specific deadlines.
2.Measure performance-measurement is an
ongoing repetitive process.
3.Determine whether performance matches
the standard-This is the easiest step in the
control process
4.Take corrective action-This step is necessary
if performance falls short of standards and
the analysis indicates action is required.
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The importance of
control
1.Change-Control systems should be
able to detect changes affecting org.

2.Complexity-A more formal and

careful control approach is required.

3.Mistakes-allows managers to detect

mistakes before they become critical

4.Delegation-allows managers to check

on subordinates progress

Types of control methods

1.Pre-action control
2.Steering control
3.Screening or Yes/No control
4.Post-action control

1.Pre-Action
Control
Control before an action is undertaken
e.g before a new product is launch,
marketers conduct market testing.

Allow corrective action to be taken

before a particular sequence of
actions is completed.e.g after
launching a new product,
marketers will monitor competitors,
customers and dealers reaction and
take corrective actions if required.
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3.Screening or Yes/No
controls

Provides a screening process in which

specific aspects of a procedure must be
met before the operations is allowed to
proceed.e.g large customers withdrawal
must be approved by a bank officer.

4.Post-action
controls
Measure
the result of a completed
action e.g marketers conducted
Profitability analysis to assess the
profitability of the new product
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Selecting the Focal

Point for Control
Feedforward (Preventive) Control
Focuses on detecting undesirable
material, financial, or human resources
that serve as inputs to the
transformation process.
Concurrent Control
Focuses on the transformation process
to ensure that it is functioning properly.

Selecting the Focal Point for

Control
Slide 2 of 2

Feedback Control

Focuses on discovering undesirable

output and implementing corrective
action.

Multiple Focal Points

Most organizations use several control
systems focused on various phases of
the transformation process.

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Control Focal Points

Control system

Feedforward
control

Inputs

Concurrent
control

Transformation
process

Feedback
control

Outputs

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Characteristics of effective
control systems

1.Accurate-provide accurate info

2.Timely-up to date info
3.Objective and
comprehensive-clear and
measurable

4.Focused on strategic control

points-focus on key areas such as
finance and quality

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Characteristics of effective
control systems
5.Economically realistic-cost
should be less than the benefits

6.Organizationally realistic-org

should have adequate resources

7.Flexible-adaptable to changes
8.Prescriptive and operational-describe the
corrective actions to be taken
9.Accepted by organizational members

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Management from the

Islamic perspective
The management process
based on the Quran and the
Sunnah to promote societal
well being and Islamic values.Islamic mgt seek to achieve a balance
between org profit, customer satisfaction,
societal well being and Islamic values.

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The principles Management from

the Islamic perspective
1.Tauhid-work an an Ibadah or way of
submission to Allah
2.Syura-the importance of teamwork
3.Justice-the importance of fairness
4.Masruaiah-the concept of legality based
on the syariah laws
5.Qualification-based on competencies
6.Maslahah-priority based on Islamic values

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