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PROPULSIA ELECTRIC I
DUAL FUEL A NAVELOR TIP

LNG

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Factors involved in selecting a

propulsion system for your
LNG shipping project

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Contents

What has changed recently?

Should you burn gas?
What solutions are available and which are realistic?
Evaluating economic factors
Evaluating the technical risks
Impact of choice on safety, environment and training
Solutions for the future

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First Diesel Engined LNG Carrier

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Changing Factors in Propulsion

The old LNG carrier world was simple!
Recent surge in demand for natural gas and LNG
in Europe and USA
New trading patterns are developing
Massive increase in LNG fleet numbers
More supply sources and destinations
Bigger ships and new trade routes

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Should You Burn Gas?

Gas is clean and green?

Lower emissions of carbon, SOx and NOx
BOG needs to be disposed of or recycled
All non-steam ships need a Gas Combustion Unit
(GCU) for backup gas disposal
Environmental and safety issues have to be tackled
Depends on the value of gas to the project

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Alternative Propulsion Options

Conventional Steam Turbine

Slow Speed Diesels with Reliquefaction
Gas Injection Slow Speed Diesels with Reliq
Dual Fuel Diesel Electric
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Electric
Hybrids

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Traditional Steam Plant

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Engine Power for LNG Carriers

VARIATIA PUTERII INSTALATE CU CAPACITATEA DE
TRANSPORT

-161C

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Slow Speed Diesel Solutions

High thermal efficiency

Traditional ship propulsion system
Same emissions as conventional oil tanker
Requires reliquefaction plant and GCU
Maintenance only possible in port with twin screw
LPG ships have similar machinery
Benefit for crew sourcing

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Twin Screw Slow Speed Diesels

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MAN B&W

7S50ME-C

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Gas Injection Slow Speed Diesel

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Dual Fuel Diesel Solutions

Direct replacement for the steam boiler and
turbine system
Higher efficiency than steam
Can only burn HFO or MDO or Gas
Flexibility of operation with electric drives
Maintenance possible at sea and in port

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Dual Fuel Diesel Direct Drive

n=ct.

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Dual Fuel Diesel Electric (DFDE)

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Wartsila 6L50DF Engine

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Gaz de France Energy on trials

the worlds first dual fuel diesel propelled LNGC

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Gas Turbine Solutions

Simple Cycle not efficient but very small

Combined Cycle aero derivative and industrial
Waste heat recovery and steam turbo-alternator
R-R, GE and Siemens have differing solutions
Different but share benefits and challenges
Potential for extra cargo is yet unproven
Very low maintenance on boardbut!
Only feasible if burning gas

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COGES Plant

Rolls-Royce

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GE LM2500+ Marine Gas Turbine

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Combined Cycle Gas Turbines

Siemens

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Hybrid Solution

MHI

Combines diesel engines and steam turbines

Direct drive propeller with Contra Rotating Pod
Reliquefaction plant for base BOG
Excess BOG produces steam for electricity
MER

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Economic Factors
Choice is dependent on fuel costs
The relationship between HFO and LNG costs is
critical in determining choice
Maintenance costs vary
Operators require longer docking cycles
Crew for diesels may be easier to find and train
Will the trade require a ship to heel out cargo?
Different projects will make different choices

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Technical Risks

Steam propelled LNG ships are a known factor

Alternatives involve levels of perceived risk
Technical risks can be qualified
Classification societies are assessing options
New entrants cannot easily benchmark risks
Project risks are project specific
Industry should remain self regulating
IMO and SIGTTO forums

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Environmental Factors
Over 95% of World Trade is carried in ships
The vast majority of these ships are propelled by
slow speed diesel engines e.g. container ships
and oil tankers
The efficiency of these shipping operations means
that CO2 emissions per tonne/km are very low
NOx and SOx emissions are legislated by
MARPOL Annex VI and Flag States (e.g. EU)
The current limits will be reduced with time

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Annual Exhaust Emissions

MAN B&W

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Annual Exhaust Emissions

Wartsila

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Solutions for the Future

Qatars major projects driving size up and costs
down
Trading and chartering options require flexibility
in shipping operations
Do we still expect to see new technology
introduced, or an industry standard emerge? If so,
which one?
Environmental factors will have to be addressed

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2005 is the Watershed Year

There are 136 LNG ships on order

Over 30% of these have diesel propulsion systems
20 are twin screw SSD with reliquefaction
Approx 25 are single screw DFDE
About 40 LNG ships ordered in 2005, but less
than 20% have conventional steam plants

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Thank you for your kind

attention