Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ON
SUBSTATION LAYOUT AND ACCESSORIES
&
BUSBAR ARRANGEMENT
BY:SUB. TO:-
Mr. S P JAISWAL
CONTENTS
Part A : SUBSTATION LAYOUT
Single line diagram
PLCC
SCADA
PARTA
SWITCHYARD
LAYOUTING
CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTATIONS
Based on working
I.
II.
III.
IV.
. Based on structure
I.
II.
III.
IV.
LIGHTNING
ARRESTOR
CVT
Capacitor Voltage Transformer(CVT),
Capacitance
Coupled Voltage
Transformer(CCVT)
EARTHING SWITCH
Earth Switch is used to
discharge the voltage on the
circuit to the earth for safety.
Earth switch is mounted on the
frame of the isolators.
It is located for each incomer
transmission line and each side
of the busbar section.
LINE TRAP
(WAVE TRAP)
Connected in series with the power (transmission) line.
It blocks the high frequency carrier waves (24KHz to
500KHz) and let power waves (50 Hz - 60 Hz) to pass
through.
It is basically an inductor of rating in Milli henry (approx
1 milli Henry for 220 KV 1250 Amp.).
It has three main components:1. Main coil.
2. Tuning Device.
3. Lightning Arrestor.
ISOLATOR
Disconnector orIsolator
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
Current transformers are
used for Stepping down
current for measurement,
protection and control.
Current transformers are of
two types
1. Protective CT
2. Measuring CT
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
ACircuit breakeris an automatically operatedelectrical
BUSBAR
Busbars receive
power from incoming
circuits and deliver
power to outgoing
circuits.
POWER TRANSFORMERS
SHUNT REACTORS
SEREIS REACTORS
Series reactors are
used to limit short
circuit current and to
limit current surges
associated with
fluctuating loads.
Series reactors are
located at the strategic
locations such that the
fault levels are reduced.
SHUNT CAPACITORS
SERIES CAPACITOR
Series Capacitors are used for some long EHV a.c. lines to
improve power transferability.
They located at the sending end / receiving end of the lines.
They are provided with by pass circuit breaker and
protective spark gaps.
PART B
BUS BAR
ARRANGEMENT
Disadvantages:
1.In case of bus fault or bus bar isolator fault or
maintenance total Substation is out of service.
2.In case of maintenance of transformer circuit
breaker the associated transformer has also to be
shut-down. Similarly for Line also.
Disadvantages:
It will be a little more costly with the addition of one isolator and
some cases with Circuit breaker, C.Ts and C&R panel.
Disadvantages:
:The arrangement does not permit breaker
maintenance with out interruption.
Disadvantages:
Most expensive as it involves additional
breaker, CT Isolators etc for each
circuit.
Disadvantages:
This scheme is much expensive due to
investment for third breaker.
Switching operation:
1.First close the isolators at both side
of the bus coupler breaker.
2. Then close the bypass isolator of the
feeder which is to be transferred to
transfer bus.
3. Now energized the transfer bus by
closing the bus coupler circuit breaker
from remote.
4.After bus coupler breaker is closed, now the power from main bus
flows to the feeder line through its main breaker as well as bus
coupler breaker viatransfer bus.
5. Now if main breaker of the feeder is switched off, total power
flow will instantaneously shift to the bus coupler breaker and hence
this breaker will serve the purpose of protection for the feeder.
6. At last the operating personnel open the isolators at both sides
of the main circuit breaker to make it isolated from rest of the live
system.
Disadvantages:
It however requires one additional isolator (bypass isolator) for
each feeder circuit and introduces slight complication in
system layout.