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BASICS OF ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
by
GAGAN GOEL
Assistant Manager (Electrical)
Chapter1.1
ELECTONIC THEORY OF ATOM
Origin from the ancient Greek adjective atomos, 'uncuttable'
compounds.
Molecules
Example
:
Element
atom)
Compound
atom)
Total Electron
Total electron =
Total electron =
=
8
18
Number of
proton and
neutron is
know as
ATOMIC
MASS of
atom are
concentrate
d on its
nucleus.
Valence
Ring
(Outer
Ring)
Nearer the electron to the nucleus greater is the force with which it is
bound to it.The electrons in outermost orbit experience a very weak
force of attraction due to these two reasons.
(a) Force varies inversely as the square of distance between two
charges.
(b)The presence of a large number of electrons in intermediate orbits
acts as a partial screen between nucleus and outermost electrons. It
is found that in metals the outermost electrons are very loosely
attached to atom. In fact they can be hardly said to be attached to
one parent atom, they very freely move from one atom to another
inside element and getting transferred from one atom to another
atom. These free electrons in one direction balance the movement of
the free electrons in the opposite direction. When the movements of
these free electrons are controlled flow of electric current results.
Generators
A generator uses a magnet to get electrons
moving.
There is a definite link between electricity
and magnetism.
If you allow electrons to move through a
wire, they will create a magnetic field
around the wire.
Similarly, if you move a magnet near a
wire, the magnetic field will cause
electrons in the wire to move.
Electromagnetism
12.6 Volt
Electromagnetic Induction
Magnetic Field
Magnetic Field (Surrounds the wire)
Wire
Wire
Magnetic Field (Surrounds the wire)
Back
Electrical Circuits
Whether you are using a battery, a fuel cell
or a solar cell to produce electricity, there
are three things that are always the same:
Conductor
(Wire)
Battery
Resistor
(Voltage Source)
(Light Bulb)
Conductor
Voltage
(Pressure)
(Electromotive Force)
++
+
++
+
++
+
++
+
Voltage Voltage
Pushes Voltage
the
Pushes
electrons
Voltage
Pushes
the electrons
Voltage
Pushes
the electrons
Pushes
the electrons
the electrons
Voltage
(Pressure)
(Electromotive Force)
++
+
++
+
- - - - ++
+
- - - ++
+
++
+
++
+
- - - - ++
+
-
- - - ++
+
-
Voltage
(Pressure)
(Electromotive Force)
++
+
++
+
- - - - ++
+
-
- - - ++
+
-
++
+
++
+
- - - - ++
+
-
- - - ++
+
-
No load
& No light
12.6 Volts
Negative Charge Positive Charge
Switch ON
12.6 Volt
Switch Off
Alternator
Alternator
Alternator
Alternator
Alternator
Alternator
Alternator
Alternator
Alternator
Alternator
Alternator
Alternator
Alternator
Alternator
Alternator
Alternator
12.6 Volt
Ohms Law
E=I*R
Where:
E = Volts
I = Current (Amps)
R = Resistance (Ohms)
TRANSFORMER
By using very high voltages for transmitting power long
distances, power companies can save a lot of money. Here's
how that works.
THANK YOU
&
AFTER POST LUNCH WE SHALL EXPLORE