DERRICKS AND CRANES

Single swinging derricks

A derrick is a lifting device composed of one mast or
pole which is hinged freely at the bottom. It is
controlled by lines (usually four of them) powered by
some means such as man-hauling or motors, so that
the pole can move in all four directions. A line runs up
and over its top with a hook on the end to lift cargo
The conventional derrick was initially evolved as a
single hoist operation for loading and discharging of
weights. It was the basic concept as an aid which
became popular when combined within a union rig

UNION PURCHASE

The union purchase method of rigging is perhaps

the most common with conventional derrick rigs.
With this operation, one of the two derricks
plumbs the hatch and the other derrick plumbs
overside. The two runner falls of the two derricks
are joined together at the cargo by a union hook.
The load is lifted by the fall which plumbs the
load, when the load has been lifted above the
height of the bulwark or ships rail, or hatch
coaming, the load is gradually transferred to the
fall from the second derrick.

Cargo movement is achieved by heaving on on

one derrick runner and slacking on the other.
The safe working angle between the runners is
90 deg and should never be allowed to exceed
120 deg
There is a danger from overstressing the gear
if unskilled winch drivers are employed or if
winch drivers do not have an unobstructed
view of the lifting/lowering operations.

UNION PURCHASE

YO YO GEAR

With two derricks

The rig uses the two inshore derricks . Each
derrick has been rigged with a gun tackle,
and the moving blocks have been joined by a
heavy strop supporting a floating block with
cargo hook attached.
The operation of loading or discharge is
carried out by slewing both derricks towards
the quayside, trying to keep both the derrick
heads as close together as practacable

YO YO GEAR

YO YO GEAR
With four derricks
This is probably the most popular of the two yo yo
gear
The two derricks once rigged for union purchase
do not have to be adjusted.
The two cargo runners of the inboard derricks are
passed through a cargo block and two outboard
derricks are passed through second cargo block.
The separate pairs of runners are shackled
together, as are the floating blocks

YO YO GEAR

HEAVY LIFT DERRICK

Heavy lift derricks

Special multiple blocks of appropriate safe load
are provided for the topping lifts, purchases,
and guys of these derricks. Wires of larger size,
both in circumference and length are provided.
Additional stays are fitted to the mast or
samson post and besides the necessary guys.
Unless special heavy winches are provided, the
ordinary winches must be put into double gear
when working heavy lift derrick.

SWINGING OF A DERRICK

Swinging a derrick is done with the help of guy pendant and

guy tackle which can be heaved/slacked by winch or manually.
Careful supervision is required when swinging a derrick
Before swinging a derrick the load is to be lifted over to make
a wide clearance with the side railings
The outboard guy is placed well aft to move the derrick boom
out
The inboard guy is led horizontally from the derrick head near
the hatch coaming.
Vessel should be upright while swinging the derrick.
Some prefer to keep a slight list to the inboard side to bring
the derrick back easily after discharging

SIMPLE DERRICK

TYPES OF HEAVY LIFT DERRICKS

The hallen derrick

The Velle derrick
The Stuelcken derrick

THE HALLEN DERRICK

HALLEN DERRICK

Hallen Derrick
The boom is connected with the lower part of the mast which is
shaped like a Y or a bipod and therefore it is a single swinging
derrick. On the cross trees, two guys are fastened using swivel
outriggers which are stayed vertically and horizontally. In order
to maintain a good controlling angle between guys and derrick,
the outriggers cannot pass the inboard parallel of the centerline.
Looking at the illustration, one can easily see that the right
outrigger stays in the centerline and the left outrigger has
moved outboard. This derrick will lower or heave cargo as both
guys are veered or hauled. Three winches, controlled by joystick,
are necessary to operate the Hallen Derrick; two for the guys
and one for the purchase. To avoid an over-topping or overswinging limit-switches are used.

However, the limits can be modified if a

different working range or a special
vertical stowage is required. The safe
working load (SWL) of the Hallen is
between 10 and 80 tonnes.

VELLE DERRICK

Velle Derrick
The Velle derrick is quite similar to the Hallen but without use
of outriggers. On top of the boom is a T-shaped yoke
assembled. Also here, the guys serve for topping and lowering
the boom but they are fastened on the yoke with four short,
steel-wire hanger-ropes. The ends of the topping and lowering
ends of the halyard are secured to half-barrels on one winch. In
this way the boom moves in the same speed as the winch
veers the topping end of the halyard and hauls the lowering
end of the halyard, and vice versa. The slewing ends are also
wound on to another half-barrel. For hoisting the cargo, there is
a third winch to hoist to cargo on the yoke. Runners decrease
swing and rotation of the cargo. A joystick duplex controller
steers the Velle derrick.

CRANES

Ships cranes are versatile and have become

increasingly popular since their conception.
This is because of advanced designs and
flexible features.
Operator cabins are positioned with aerial
viewing and provide crane drivers with clear
views of lifting and hoist/ ground areas.
The hoist and topping lift wires are
accommodated on the winch barrels found in
the base of the crane beneath the cab position.

GANTRY CRANES

Gantry rigs operate on track ways which tend

to travel the length of the cargo deck in order
to service each cargo hold
Also used for moving the pontoon hatch covers
Gantry structure tends to be a dominant
feature and is subject to extensive
maintenance attention.
Gantry cranes are suitably employed with
outreach capability for working cargo to the
quayside.

STRESS ES ON CARGO GEAR

Whatever the arrangement of cargo gear, it is

essential to pre calculate the loads and tensions
imposed at various parts in order to determine that
blocks, wires, shackles and all ancillary gear are of
safe working load before being used.
The parallelogram of forces may be stated as follows:
if two forces acting upon a point be represented, both
in amount and direction, by two sides of a
parallelogram, the resultant force may be measured
as the diagonal of the parallelogram, drawn from the
point of application

Two forces of 10 tons and 7 tons are acting upon a shackle. One force
is vertically downward and the other at a direction of 36 deg fro the
vertical. What is the total force the shackle?
By laying off the forces as shown and completing the parallelogram it
can be seen that the total force acting upon the shackle is 15.5 tons

7t
10 t
15.5 t

Weight = 12 tons
3 fold purchase to advantage
VR = 6
Friction is 60%
60% of 12 tons = 7.2 tons
Total load to overcome is 12 + 7.2 = 19.2 t
Effort = load/VR = 19.2/6 = 3.2 tons

By completing the parallelogram,

A the diagonal of the parallelogram,
represents the stress upon the shackle
14.8 tons.
A1 is the force projected to form the
resultant of another parallelogram
B represents the thrust on the derrick
16.8 tons
C represents the stress or tension on the
span 10 tons

BSI