Introduction to Fluid Mechanics

Chapter 5
Introduction to
Differential Analysis of
Fluid Motion

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Main Topics
Conservation of Mass (Review)
Stream Function for Two-Dimensional
Incompressible Flow (Review)
Motion of a Fluid Particle (Kinematics)
Momentum Equation

(Review)

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Conservation of Mass
Basic Law for a System

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Conservation of Mass
Rectangular Coordinate System

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Conservation of Mass
Rectangular Coordinate System

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Conservation of Mass
Rectangular Coordinate System

Continuity Equation

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Conservation of Mass
Rectangular Coordinate System

Del Operator

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Conservation of Mass
Rectangular Coordinate System

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Conservation of Mass
Rectangular Coordinate System
Incompressible Fluid:

Steady Flow:

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Stream Function for

Two-Dimensional
Incompressible Flow
Two-Dimensional Flow

Stream Function

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Motion of a Fluid Particle

(Kinematics)
Fluid Translation: Acceleration of a
Fluid Particle in a Velocity Field
Fluid Rotation
Fluid Deformation
Angular Deformation
Linear Deformation

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Motion of a Fluid Particle

(Kinematics)

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Motion of a Fluid Particle

(Kinematics)
Fluid Translation: Acceleration of a
Fluid Particle in a Velocity Field

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Motion of a Fluid Particle

(Kinematics)
Fluid Translation: Acceleration of a
Fluid Particle in a Velocity Field

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Motion of a Fluid Particle

(Kinematics)
Fluid Translation: Acceleration of a
Fluid Particle in a Velocity Field

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Motion of a Fluid Particle

(Kinematics)
Fluid Rotation

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Motion of a Fluid Particle

(Kinematics)
Fluid Rotation

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Motion of a Fluid Particle

(Kinematics)
Fluid Rotation

Vorticity

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Momentum Equation
Newtons Second Law

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Momentum Equation
Forces Acting on a Fluid Particle

ij & ij :
i= plane on which
& acts ( i axis)
j = direction in
which the stress
acts
Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Momentum Equation
Forces Acting on a Fluid Particle

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Momentum Equation
Forces Acting on a Fluid Particle

Similarly, dFsy , dFsz

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Momentum Equation
Forces Acting on a Fluid Particle

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Momentum Equation
Differential Momentum Equation

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Momentum Equation
Differential Momentum Equation
Special Case:

Newtonian Fluid: Navier-Stokes Equations

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Momentum Equation
Newtonian Fluid: Navier-Stokes Equations

incompressible flow with constant viscosity

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Momentum Equation
Special Case: Eulers Equation
frictionless (inviscid) flow (=0)

Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald