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GLOBAL WARMING

AND ITS EFFECTS IN


TURKEY

Global warming is the increase in the Earths


temperature as a result of greenhouse gases
accumulated in the atmosphere.

Global Climate Change:


Climate change refers to a
change in climate conditions as a
result of global warming.

THE GREENHOUSE GASES


Scientists are sure that the greenhouse gases
cause global warming by trapping heat in the
atmosphere. The sources of greenhouse gases:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Oil

Coal

Natural Gases

Methane (CH4)

Swamps

Animal Manure

Rubbish

Greenhouse Gases and Their Sources

Diazote monoxide (N2O)

Car Fumes

Ozon (O3)

Artificial Manures Stubble Fires

Halocarbons (CFC, )

Fridges

Aerosols

Air conditioners

THE RATES OF THE SOURCES OF


GREENHOUSE GASES
Industrial
Processes(%16.8)
Energy
production(%21.3)
Transportation
(%14)
Wastes Stored
in the Open
Air(%3.4)
Agricultural
Activities (%12.5)

Fosil Fuels
Processing
(%11.3)

The Wrong Use


of Land(%10)
Buildings and Commercial
Activities(%10.3)

THE RESULTS of GLOBAL WARMING IN


TURKEY
-Reducing of water resources
-Forest Fires
-Drought and desertification
-Ecological deterioration
Turkey is in the risk group of countries
affected by Global Warming

THE RIVER
KIZILIRMAK IS
GETTING DRY
The danger of global warming in the river
Kzlrmak, which is one of the longest rivers
in Turkey, has started to affect both fishing
and agricultural in this area.

Because of Global Warming, there have


been a lot of small islands on the river.

Lake Salt is Getting


Smaller
In the past, Lake Salt, which is the second
big lake in Turkey and provides salt to
Turkey, had a great view with its fantastic
features.
Now, Lake Salt, whose waters have
diminished in size, about 60 cm, is
disappearing.

The salt layer which has come out as a


result of diminishing of Lake Salt, results in
aridity on agricultural land by wind erosion.

MANYAS BIRDS
PARADISE IN THE RISK
OF DROUGHT
In the past, Lake Manyas, in which is the
famous Birds Paradise National Park is
located, was home to hundreds of birds.
It has been reported recently that because
of pollution, destruction and drought in Lake
Manyas, the number of bird species has
decreased to 27.

The waters of Lake Manyas have receded


about 2 kilometres. In addition, the depth of
it has declined about 30-40 cm.

LAKE BYKEKMECE
IS GETTING SMALL
Lake Bykekmece has been receding. In
the past, Lake Bykekmece, which is by
Marmara Sea, was inclined to fishing.

BEFOR

Fishing boats on sand


because of receded water is
showing Lake
Bykekmece situation.

AFTER

Lake Akehir

BEFORE

AFTER

Lake Beyehir

BEFORE

AFTER

Alibeyky Dam

BEFORE

AFTER

Filyos Stream

BEFORE

AFTER

KONYA PLAIN IS
BECOMING A DESSERT
The drought in Turkey resulted from global
warming and shortage of precipitation, has
been observed in Konya Plain. Meanwhile,
Konya Plain has been known as the cellar of
grains.

GLOBAL WARMING IS
TRIGGERING FOREST FIRES

In Ayvalk, a touristic place, a lot of trees in


the forest were burnt down.

One of the most


important results
of global
warming and
climate change
in Turkey is the
increase in
natural disasters
and the risk of
forest fires.

VAN CATS HAS BEEN AFFECTED


Meteorological effects have a big
influence on cats prolificacy. Sunrays
abnormality, unbalance in weather
conditions because of
global warming affect the
prolificacy of Van Cats.

OCEAN FISH ARE COMING TO


MEDITERRANEAN SEA

Global Warming results in getting warm of


water in tropical climate region. Therefore,
the fish species living in this region are
coming to Mediterranean Sea.

BALLOON FISH HAVE COME


TO MARMARA SEA
It is strange
that the
Balloon Fish as
one of the
trophical
cilimate fish
species has
reached
Marmara Sea.

Kzldeniz has got warm due to global


warming. Because of that, poisonous puffer
fish ( balloon fish ) living in Kzldeniz, have
immigrated to Aegan Sea and Marmara Sea
through Suez Canal.

FISHERMEN IN BLACK SEA


REGION ARE IN DANGER OF
UNEMPLOYMENT

Because of global warming, Black Sea is


getting warm and the fish species there
are disappearing.

TOURISM HAS BEEN


AFFECTED, TOO
The tourism on the south
and west coast of Turkey
will be affected
negatively because the
weather in those regions
will be hotter.

REASONS FOR AIR POLLUTION IN


TURKEY
- Using unqualified coal
- Exhaust gases
- Positions of the cities
- Inappropriate usage of stoves and heater
- Damaging weather conditions
-

Transportation
- Solid Fuels
- Electric power stations
-fuels that are used for industry and heating
- Industrial operations

The following cities have the highest percentages for the sulphur dioxide
which spreaded by the combustion of the fuels including natural sulphur
compounds ; rnak, Hakkari, Tekirda, Mula and Bitlis.

DE 2002 yll
<50g/m3

50-100g/m 3 >

> 100g/m3

2008

The following city and town centres have the


highest percentages for Particle Material
(PM10-dust) averages;
-Idr
-Isparta
-Osmaniye
-Aydn
-Dzce

The improvement of the usage of natural gas at houses


and in industry about the quality of air in many cities,
such as Ankara, stanbul, Bursa, Kocaeli and Eskiehir,
is decleared.

Our country is surrounded by 3 seas,


-The Black Sea,
-The Aegean Sea
-The Mediterranean Sea.
Using sea for transportation, pouring the
domestic and industrial wastes to the sea,
petrol currents resulting from the accidents at
sea(marine accidents) and agricultural wastes
to the sea through the rivers are the main
factors creating the pollution in Turkey.

These are the factors creating


the sea pollution
The Black Sea;
-Sewages
-Trashes and Wastes
-Erosion
-Using highways by the
seasides
-Industrial institutions

The Marmara Sea;


-Physical and chemical pollutant
-Urban and industrial activitie
-Erosion remains

The Aegean Sea;


-Urban and industrial wastes
-Petrol refineries
-Maritime traffic

The Mediterranean Sea;


-Maritime transportation
-Petrol refineries
-Petrol tube line terminal

Effecient land areas decreasing because of


urbanizaton, industrialization and
trasportation. The remaining areas are
damaged by over-fertilizingin, medication,
domestic and
industrial
wastes.

19.7 million hectares of cultivation land in


Turkey is exposed to various kinds of
erosion.

Every year a land mass that is close to 500


million tons is being lost in Turkey. This rate
is 1.8% more than that of Europes. This is a
fact that Turkey is face to face with a
serious desertification.

Another of
eurosions crucial
result is the decline
of water holding
capacity in dams
because they are
getting filled with
soil.

For example; 2/3 of Dam ubuk was filled


with soil in 35-40 years. Its even worse in
Dam Keban and it has been proved that its
lifespan has gotten 8 times shorter.

The only way to fight with erosion is to


plant trees on empty areas.

A massive section of our plains are invaided


by the industrial areas. In addition to this;
the plains are preferred for new building
sites.

Inorganic and harmful substances


in the waste water removed from
industrial organizations cause land
pollution through irrigation on
agricultural land.

Initially, fertilization has increased fertility


in agriculture; but later it caused a decrease
in fertility on our lands.

Another negative impact of excessive


fertilization was observed in the air and
water pollution. The use of nitrogen
fertilizer leads to oxygen depletion. At the
same time, it leads to excessive production
of methane and nitrate.

Another reason of soil, air and water


pollution is agricultural pesticides. These
products leak into underground water. With
erosion, they reach seas and lakes. It can
sometimes be passed to plants.

In Turkey, there are some regions in which


agriculture and industry go hand in hand.
In these regions, agricultural land is
contaminated by industrial waste.
stanbul, zmir, Bursa, Adana are examples
of it.

Afin, Elbistan, Yataan, Kangal Thermal


Power Plants and Ali Aa, Tpra Refineries
are the most important sources of
agricultural pollution.

Soma Thermal Power Plant have killed plant


species, which are 78 km distant from it.
The bad effects of Yataan Thermal Power
Plant have spread over an area of 37 km.
In these regions, the number of cancer
diseases has been increased.

Industrial pollution is affected both by the


gases that are released into the atmosphere
and by the chemical wastes that are
released into the water.

Gases that include carbon dioxide, sulfur


and nitrogen compands are emitted to the
atmosphere and then it returns to the earth
through precipitation.

Industrial wastes involved in organic and


inorganic materials and heavy metals are
transmitted to the earch by irrigation water.

PACKING WASTES
-Food, celaning products packagings
-Milk and juice boxes
-Glass or plastic bottles, canned, sala, the
glass jars of honey or jams
-Tin and Metal cans, aluminium beverage
boxes

RECYLING IN TURKEY
In 2013, 82 thousand 668 tons of pet
packaging waste in Turkey is collected and
contributed to the economy as secondary
raw meterial were noted.
In 2013, 92 thousand tons of rubber
recovery were provided.

TWO IMPORTANT ELEMENTS of


PREVENTION of ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION
With the permanent planting forests will
increase and rain drops will increase. We
can prevent erosion with precautions. At the
same time our agriculture will improve with
these measures.

TWO IMPORTANT ELEMENTS of


PREVENTION of ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION
Garbage will be assessed if the
environmental pollution and
resources will be protected. We
invite all the environmentalists and
officials about planting and
recycling.

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