Cooling Towers and Air Cooled

Condensers
ACADs (08-006) Covered
1.1.6.2. 1.1.6.2. 2.1.10.
1
5
4

4.2.7.7

4.20.1.
15

4.25.7

Keywords
Cooling tower, fill, materials, temperature control, air cooled condenser,
heat sink, icing, algae, fouling
Description
Supporting Material

Engineering Technology
Division
Power Plant Construction
and QA/QC
Section 2.5 Cooling Towers
and Air Cooled Condensers

Section 2.5 Cooling Towers and Air Cooled Condensers

Overview
Introduction
Cooling Tower Principles
Types of Cooling Towers
Types of Fill
Construction Materials
Temperature Control
Air Cooled Condensers
Operational Concerns
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Section 2.5 Cooling Towers and Air Cooled Condensers

Introduction
Second Law of Thermodynamics
What heat is not used must be discarded
Efficiency is how the heat is used
Excess heat discarded means efficiency
Heat Sinks
River
Air (Cooling Towers)
Ocean
Lake
4

Section 2.5 Cooling Towers and Air Cooled Condensers

Introduction Heat Sinks - Types

Cooper Nuclear Station
Missouri River

Pilgrim Nuclear Station

Atlantic Ocean

Section 2.5 Cooling Towers and Air Cooled Condensers

Introduction Heat Sinks - Types

LaSalle County Nuclear
Station Lake

Susquehanna Nuclear
Station Cooling Tower

Section 2.5 Cooling Towers and Air Cooled Condensers

Cooling Tower Principles - Evaporation

Air Density
Humidity

Section 2.5 Cooling Towers and Air Cooled Condensers

Cooling Tower Principles - Process

Section 2.5 Cooling Towers and Air Cooled Condensers

Types of Cooling Towers Forced Draft

Section 2.5 Cooling Towers and Air Cooled Condensers

Types of Cooling Towers Natural Draft

Hyperbolic
Tower

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Section 2.5 Cooling Towers and Air Cooled Condensers

Types of Fill

11

Section 2.5 Cooling Towers and Air Cooled Condensers

Types of Fill

12

Section 2.5 Cooling Towers and Air Cooled Condensers

Construction Materials
Concrete

Steel

Wood

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Section 2.5 Cooling Towers and Air Cooled Condensers

Temperature Control

Climate/ Location
Average Temperature
Variable Heat Load
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Section 2.5 Cooling Towers and Air Cooled Condensers

Air Cooled Condensers

Steam / Water
Inlet Manifold

Direct
Indirect

Little water
replenishment

15

Section 2.5 Cooling Towers and Air Cooled Condensers

Operational Concerns - Icing

16

Section 2.5 Cooling Towers and Air Cooled Condensers

Operational Concerns Fouling Algae

17

Section 2.5 Cooling Towers and Air Cooled Condensers

Operational Concerns Fouling Trash

18

Section 2.5 Cooling Towers and Air Cooled Condensers

Operational Concerns Fouling Dirt

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Section 2.5 Cooling Towers and Air Cooled Condensers

Questions
?

20