Fuel Economy

On
Hybrid Vehicles
MENTOR : Prof. Madya Dr. Haji Baba
Md. Deros
Presented By
MENTEE : CHAN KIEN HO
A 125070

Introduction

Fuel is any material that is burned or

altered in order to obtain energy

Energy from the fuel is released chemically

such as combustion.

Fuel economy in automobiles is the

amount of fuel required to move the
automobile over a given distance.

Factors such as the size of the engine, the

shape and design, the weight of the
vehicle will affect the fuel consumption.

FACTORS WHICH AFFECT

FUEL COMSUMPTION
1) Vehicle
Speed
2) Tire
Pressure
3) Road
Conditions
4) Weather

- The faster the vehicle moves, the more the fuel

is consumed.
- The rolling resistance of tires increases if the
tire pressure is low, thus more fuel is consumed.
- High consumption of fuel when going up a hill,
whereas almost no fuel is used when down a
hill.
- Driving in the direction against headwinds as
compared to tailwinds will consume more fuel.

- Lack of maintenance particularly in air and fuel

filters will significantly affect the fuel
consumption.
5) Maintenance

HYBRIDS VEHICLES
What is a Hybrid Vehicle ?
Automobile that has two or more major sources of
propulsion power.
What is the differences ?
Hybrid vehicle comprise the both conventional
gasoline engine and electric motors together with
a battery.
What are the results ?
The motors are able to power the vehicle either
one independently or in tandem.
Hybrid vehicle achieves twice the fuel economy
compared to the conventional vehicle.

Example : Hybrid Car

THE HYBRID VEHICLE ENGINE

The engine as compared to conventional

automobiles is

1. smaller
2. lighter
3. less powerful but more efficient

Two types of Hybrid Vehicle Engine

1. Petroleum Fuel Engine Assist

2. Electric Motor Assist

Petroleum Fuel Engine Assist

Electric motor is used at low speed

Gasoline engine only turn on when

more power is required

Suitable for driving in city rather than

highway

Example :
1. Toyota Prius
2. Ford Escape Hybrid

Electric Motor Assist

Gasoline engine is used at moderate speed

Electric motor assist in generating power
when more power is required such as:
- Hard acceleration

- Passing other vehicles

- Climbing a hill

Better fuel economy when driving at

highway
Example :
1. Honda Insight
2. Civic Hybrid

Functions of Hybrid
Vehicle
Advanced technology
Regenerative Braking
Automatic On-off Engine
Two power sources
The Design and System
Aerodynamics
Low Rolling Resistance Tires
Cleaner Operation

Types Of Hybrid System

The energy transformation for each type of

hybrid system is absolutely different

Three Types of Hybrid

1) Parallel Hybrid
2) Series Hybrid
3) Combined Hybrid

Consists of Internal Combustion Engine and

Electric Motor

Car Accessories such as power steering and airconditioning powered solely by electric motor

Parallel Hybrid

The two power sources are mechanically coupled

Structure of a Parallel

Known as Range-Extended Electric Vehicle ( REEV )

The design of system is more towards in battery electric

based

No mechanical link between combustion engine and

wheels

Series Hybrid

Possess super-capacitor or flywheel to store regenerative

braking energy.

Structure of a Series

Combined Hybrid
Combined the features of series and parallel hybrid.
Power-split device plays the crucial roles in allowing
power paths working either mechanically or
electrically.
Decoupling the power supplied by the engine from
the power required by the driver

Structure of a Combined

Example Combined
Hybrid

Example Combined
Hybrid
Battery

Generator
- Starts the engine
- Charges the battery
- Converts power to mechanical
energy

Engine
- Provides acceleration from halt

- Smaller but highly efficient

- Provides electrical energy

- Store regenerative barking
energy
Electric motor
- Provides additional power for
acceleration
- Behaves as a generator.

Power Spilt Device

- a planetary gear set
- A clever gearbox that hooks the
gasoline engine, generator and
electric motor together
- Directly connected to the
differential, which drives the
wheels

Discussion

Advantages of Hybrid Car

- Environmental friendly ( less pollution )
- Economical
( Improving Fuel
Economy )

- Financial Incentives

( Tax Rebate )

Disadvantages of Hybrid Car

- Expensive ( Maintenance tools )
- New & Untested Technology
( Unforeseen problems )

- Light weight

( Accidents during storm )

THE END
Thank you!
Have a Nice Day