Telephone Networks

Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Introduction
The public telephone network
Subscriber line
The local network
Components of the exchange area network
Civil works
Documentation

1. Introduction
Transmission of information needs carriers . These
Carriers are for :

Electric current via copper wires

Electrical waves via radio
Optical waves via fibers

in general the subscribers are connected via cable to

the next exchange.
Exchanges are interconnected by junction cable.

Exchange 1

Exchange 2

MDF LINE SIDE

MDF LINE SIDE

Junction Cable

Same Local Network

Simplified junction cable diagram

2. The public telephone networks

Telephone networks are known as public
telephone networks.
They consist of:

Trunk exchange .
Local exchange .
And lines between them .
The lines can be divided into trunk lines and local
lines.

Primary Exchange

Primary Exchange

Line Terminating Unit

Line Terminating Unit

Trunk cable
Primary
Exchange

Local
Exchange

Trunk cable

Simplified Trunk Cable Diagram

The Trunk Networks 2.1

Lines which are used for trunk traffic only are described
as trunk lines . These networks can be designed as:

Meshed networks
Star networks
Or mixed networks
Transmission medium
Symmetric copper pair
Coaxial copper cable
Optical fiber
Air (radio )

Trunk /network Configuration

Subscriber line. 3
Line system 3.1

To provide a telephone connection it is generally

necessary to have a two-wire circuit, normally referred
to as a pair .

This pair is connected between the Main Distribution

Frame( M.D.F) at the local exchange and the

subscriber's telephone set equipment , Fax , Computer,
Digital camera .

If two subscribers want to talk together, they must

have beside the telephone sets a connecting line, too

If there are more subscribers, every subscriber must

have a connecting possibility to each others

?HOW MANY CONNECTION LINES MUST BE NEEDED

SOLUTION
Formula which can be used to calculate the number of
connections between subscribers
C = S X (S 1) / 2
C: number of connections
S: number of subscribers
C=4X3/2=6

3.2 Electrical Characteristics of Symmetrical

Lines
3.2.1 Constants of a symmetrical line

Distributed Resistance

= R

Distributed Inductance

=C

Distributed Capacitance = L

Distributed Leakage

=G

/ Km

mH / Km
pF /Km
mho /Km

R = Conductor Resistance
l

= Conductor Length

a = Conductor [Ross-Sectional Area

P = Specific Resistance of Conductor Material

The effect of temperature on R

Copper = 0.004 / Co

Where = Temperature Coefficient

Internal Inductance

IN VOICE FREQUENCY RANGE

L 0.7 Mh/km

When water penetrates a cable it will cause:

Increase in capacitance of polyethylene insulated
because
will increase

Dielectric Constant
Measured at 800 Hz and 20oc

22

Good Insulation
No Leakage

Insufficient Insulation

+ ..G total = G1 + G2 + G3

R insulation = 1 / G total

Faulty Insulation

Distributed Constants of a symmetrical Line

The equivalent circuit of a symmetrical Line

3.3 Characteristic impedance of symmetrical line

R > WL
WC >> G

3.4 Attenuation of symmetrical pairs

= 33

51 nf / km

The Local Network. 4

The local cable network consists of one exchange,
primary network, cabinets ,secondary network and
DPs .
All subscribers belonging to the same local area
network have the same area code .

Determination of exchange location 4.1

Make survey and calculate the total demand after 30

years for each rectangle

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

10

20

30

80

100

70

20

10

11

17

20

177

110

41

52

30

120

60

55

25

30

18

47

87

12

30

110

10

778

60

993

14

19

33

88

600

55

700

12

48

10

200

225

57

158

80

140

99

33

34

810

465

14

23

947

690

123

123

657

650

15
18

14
4

10

20

30

80

100

70

20

10

11

17

20

177

110

41

52

30

120

60

55

25

30

18

47

87

12

30

110

10

778

60

993

14

19

33

88

600

55

700

12

48

10

200

225

57

158

80

140

99

33

34

810

465

14

23

947

690

123

123

657

162

650

332

15
18

14
4

111

1128

1007

1747

2365

1558

1945

134

273

273

1401

2408

4155

6520

8078

10023

10157

10430

588

920

329

1249

2027

3276

1504

4780

574

5354

390

5744

2137

7881

2549

10430

TO DETERMIN THE EXCHANGE LOCATION

Make summation for each columns called 1

Make summation for each rows 1

Add the result of column one to column two then

add to column three and so on.. This value is
called
2

Add the result of row one to row two then add to row
three and so on.. This value called is
2

Then the exchange location is at

4.2 Exchange area

An exchange area consists of one exchange.

The exchange should be in the centre of the area

with a radius of about 5 km with a maximum
resistance of 1500 Ohms (Egypt Telecom Standard)
per subscriber line (not according to CCITT, which
sets the limit at 1200 Ohms).

This value restricts the maximum length per

subscriber line and determines the diameter of the
wires to be used in the network .

The resistance values for the different wire diameters

are as follows:

0.4mm = 285 Ohms/km

0.5mm = 185 Ohms/km
0.6mm = 119 Ohms/km
0.9mm = 58 Ohms/km

Exchange Network 4.3

The exchange network consists of four
completely separate network components.

Although future and current subscriber demand

determine extensions of all four components,
they are built under different planning conditions.
Primary

Network.
Secondary Network.
Direct Feed Area (Rigid) Network.
Subscriber Installation Network

?Why do we need MDF and cabinets

Principle Diagram of subscriber line network

The Primary Network 4.3.1

The primary network is built to reduce investment

costs for longer connections of secondary
networks. The ratio between primary and
secondary pairs for the initial stage should ideally
be 1.0:1.4 for a cabinet of 1200 pair capacity. The
missing primary pairs will be added when required
by demand.

The demand of primary cables is calculated by the

performance of secondary networks. The
saturation of primary pairs at cabinets is
registered annually and the increase of
subscribers calculated for a period of five years.

In case of saturation of one or more cabinets of one

particular Service Direction within this five- years
period, an extension for those cabinets must be
planned and executed before final saturation occurs,
in order to provide sufficient pairs for each cabinet.

The Secondary Network 4.3.2

This network must be erected to cater for the longterm period demand of 15-20 years.

The planning for this network must consider all

possible future housing and business development
and provide spare pairs wherever necessary.

The installation of the secondary network must be

supervised very carefully, especially regarding cable
depth, protection measures and sleeve appearance,
since it must last for a long period of time.

Joints and cables are not as easy accessible as in

the primary network due to the fact that it is in most
cases a directly buried network.

Since the secondary cables are short, the cost is not

so significant .

the primary cables, however, which are long and

expensive, should be kept as close as possible to
actual requirements, and here a considerable saving
is possible.

The Direct Feed Area (Rigid) Network 4.3.3

Within a radius of approximately 250m around the
exchange building, the subscribers are connected
directly to the MDF, in order to save primary pairs
respectively capacities at the cross connection
.points (cabinets)
It is part of the primary network, but it serves like
.a secondary network
DP
MDF
DP

DP

The Subscriber Installation Network 4.3.4

The installation network is built according to

subscriber applications and does not require a
special planning effort.

The subscriber terminal is connected to the

closest available distribution box by installation
cable.

Put spare where logic or useful.

Components of the Exchange Area Network. 5

5.1 The Main Distribution Frame (MDF)

Application 1 .5.1

The MDF is the interface between the exchange and

the local network.

The vertical part is counted by rows, starting with

ROW No. 1.

The blocks in each row are counted from top to

bottom. Normally each row consists of 8 blocks,
each consisting of 100 or 200 pairs.

Normally more pairs are introduced into the

exchange than the number of installed line units
(switching)., and used ratio is 1:1.1 to 1:1.4

In general the MDF has the following tasks:

Interconnection between exchange and outside

cable network

Termination of subscriber lines

disconnecting testing and measuring point for
subscriber lines
Installation point for fuses and over voltage
arrestors to protect against high currents.

Design 2. 1 .5

The most common type of terminal blocks at the main

distribution frame (MDF) is of the System 71 quick
connection system.

This means that the cable wires shall be terminated

Without stripping the insulation
without soldering
without screwing

Cabinets 5.2
5.2.1 Application

Cabinets have the following tasks:

Connection of subscriber lines

testing and measuring
installation of fuses
installation of line concentrators
saving of circuits between MDF and subscriber
installation of primary network in steps

There are different types of cabinets but all have something in

common.
Usual ratio between connected primary and secondary pairs is 1:1.1
to 1:1.4 Cabinets can accommodate terminal blocks with a total
capacity of 1200 pairs or 2400 pairs respectively, depending on the
type of cabinet.

Telecom Egypt
Specification Cabinet
fully equipped with
Terminal blocks

Cabinet block (Type Krone / Siemens)

Distribution Points (Boxs) 5.3

General 5.3.1

Distribution Points (Boxs) are the end of the

underground cable (secondary but sometimes also

primary pairs if directly from MDF rigid network).

DPs are available in different sizes, 10, 20, 30, some

times 50 pairs (larger sizes starting from 50, 100, 200

pairs are called frames).

Sometimes branch boxes are used, i.e. if buildings are

larger and more subscribers have to be served.

New buildings often proved to have pipe-systems

installed for telecommunication purpose. These conduit

systems are ideal for the subscriber installation,
decreasing the number of faults tremendously and are
visually more accepted than the wall-fixed .installation

Capacities and Designations

Capacity
pairs
10

Application

Constructional Requirements

on poles
on walls outside
on walls inside

,strong polyester housing

sealed cover, cable terminals
separated from installation
terminals

20
30

on walls
outdoor, indoor

as above

50
100
200

Indoor/Outdoor

metal housing, lockable door

screw type terminal strips
jumper facilities

Cable Protection (Iron) 5.3.2

The cable protection iron is used to protect the riser of

the distribution cable against mechanical damage.

The iron covers the cable from 15cm below surface over
a distance of 3 meters along the wall respectively the
pole.

The protection iron is of U shaped steel of not less

than 0.8mm thickness, and hot galvanized.

The iron is supplied in lengths of 3 meters. Appropriate

screws together with dowels (Fischer) are used to fix the
protection iron to the wall or to the pole.

The protection iron must be fixed with at least 6 screws

in different heights.

Numbering System. 5.3.3

The numbering system in the exchange area is initially

based on the primary cable serving a particular
dwelling area.

The primary cables are numbered starting from 1 with

the first cable planned in the long-term plan and stated
in the areas master-plan.

The cabinet receiving the first primary pairs (i.e. 1-200)

will get number 1 out of this primary cable. Lets
assume the number of the primary cable is 24, so the
first cabinet would be numbered 24.1. The cabinet
receiving the next primary pairs out of this cable (i.e.
201 - 400) would be 24.2 etc.

The next new cabinet If this area will be extended by

another cable in the future, and new cabinets are
required, the cabinet numbers should be extended in
addition to the existing.

would get the number following the last sold cabinet

24 i.e. when the existing cabinets are 24.1 through
24.5; additional cabinets are named 24.6,7, etc.

The DPs belonging to each cabinet are numbered

accordingly, i.e. the DP receiving the first pairs of the
secondary (i.e. block 1, pair 1-10) cable of cabinet 24.1
would be numbered 1.

The complete number of this DP in the exchange area

would be therefore 24.1/1. If later on, during the
extension of the network, DPs are added, this system can
not be followed any more, otherwise the number would
have to be changed very often and the corresponding
data accordingly.

Therefore, new DPs will get the next free number,

according to the latest maps.

MDF Termination Cables (Tip Cables) 5.4

Vault Room

 MDF Termination Cables are in general 100 and 200

pair cables connected to the vertical side at the MDF

and the last joint below the frame because it is
practically not possible to connect the primary pairs
directly to the MDF.

Nowadays a sleeveless distribution technology has

been developed to allow the direct connection of the

primary pairs to the MDF.

Nevertheless the majority of primary cables are not

connected directly to the frame.

The joint below the frame can be positioned

horizontally or vertically depending on the available

space below the MDF. The horizontal position must
be preferred for easier access and re-opening.

Cable Jointing 5.5

General 5.5.1
The place where two cable pieces are connected
together using connectors, either underground or
inside of buildings (cable vault) or manholes is called
joint.
After the splicing work for a joint is completed and the
connections electrically tested, the joint has to be
closed in order to protect it against any influences
from outside, like dust or water ingress or mechanical
damage.
For this purpose there are basically two different
designs of closures:
The UC-type (Universal Closure) which is
mechanically closed and opened
The Heat Shrinkable

Universal Closures for Primary Cables 2. 5.5

The UC sleeves are mainly used in manholes and cable

vaults where a re-opening and closing is expected
frequently. For this purpose special repair kits are
available

Heat shrinkable sleeves 3. 5.5

Heat shrinkable sleeves are used for underground

applications and come in sizes that suit all types of
cables.

It can be used for primary and secondary cables in

manholes and directly buried. Due to the shrinking and
gluing process during closing a very tied closure can be
achieved
For this purpose the installation instructions have to be
followed carefully.

5.5.4 Connectors

 Cable wire connectors are used for reliable and

quick splicing of conductors at cable joints.

The connectors are suitable for wires of 0.4mm up to

0.6mm in diameter with solid PE insulation
respectively foam skin insulation.

The individual wires can easily be inserted into the

connector without any strapping or special
preparation.

The connector body is from transparent plastic in

order to allow the observation of the correct lead-in of
the wires.

Underground Cables 5.6

The telecommunication cables used

for underground installation are
divided into primary and secondary
cables, which are directly buried or
running in conduit systems.

As they are laid directly into the

ground or pulled into conduits the

make-up has to be different from
other cables, i.e. installation cables.

 The cable sheath has to be strong and resistant to

protect the cable core with its wires from outside

mechanical damages caused by stones and/or digging
tools or water and electrical damages caused by power
cables.

Underground cables are separated mainly into 10, 30,

50, 100, 200, 500, 1,000 and2000 pair cables. Other sizes
can be found depending on the manufacturer.

A colour code guarantees a 100% correct sequence

when terminating and jointing cables. Unfortunately the

color code differs from manufacturer to manufacturers.

PAIR / TWIN

Star Quad

Pair
Group
Unit

Cable core

Core wrapping

Aluminium Moisture
Barrier

PE cable sheath

PE Sheathed Cable

Cable core

Core wrapping
Aliminium moisture
barrier
Bitumen bedding
Steel wire
armouring
Bitumen bedding

PC cable sheath

PE sheathed cable with armoring

Conductor materials
Conductor diameter

Insulation materials

Standard Telecommunication

Standing method

cables

Marking of wires

Marking of units
Cable designation code
Sheathing

Standard for cables

-CRITERIA-

Easy repair

Easy availability

Standard
Telecommunication
cables

Uniform quality

Economic storekeeping

Standard for cables

-BENFITS-

1st letter

2nd letter

3rd & subsequent letter

P = Paper

A = Aluminum

F = Grease filled

E = Polyethylene

E = Polyethylene

M = Self-supporting

K = Pulp

L = Lead

S = Metallic moisture barrier

V = Polyvinylchloride

V = Polyvinylchloride

T = Tape armor (single)

D = Tape armor (double)
W = Wire armor (single)
H = Wire armor (double)
Z = Filled and screened
C = Anti corrosive
B = Indoor (building)
X = Coaxial pairs

Cable Code / Complete

Primary cables

Secondary cables

Standard cable sizes

Cable Sizes

5.6.1 German cable

Green

Red

Grey

White

Yellow

Green
Red

Sub unit
Grey

White

Ln
Ln
Ln
Ln

(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)

a
b
a
b

Ln
Ln
Ln
Ln

(3)
(3)
(4)
(4)

a
b
a
b

Ln
Ln
Ln
Ln

(5)
(5)
(6)
(6)

a
b
a
b

Ln
Ln
Ln
Ln

(7)
(7)
(8)
(8)

Yellow

a
b
a
b

Ln
Ln
Ln
Ln

(9)
(9)
(10)
(10)

Grey

Green

Red

a
b
a
b

White

Yellow

Distribution of German cable to the capacity of 400 line

2 layer

1 layer

Center

-------------------

1
2
3
5
7
3
4
5
6

--------3
----1
2

nd

st

No of
Units

Cable
pairs

(10)1
(10)2
(10)3
(10)5
(10)10
(50)3
(50)4
(50)6
(50)8

10
20
30
50
100
150
200
300
400

Distribution of German cable to the capacity of 2400 lines

2nd layer

1st layer

Center

--------9
10
11
11
13

5
6
7
8
5
5
6
7
8

1
2
3
4
1
1
1
2
3

No of
Units

Cable
pairs

(100)6
(100)8
(100)10
(100)12
(100)15
(100)16
(100)18
(100)20
(100)24

600
800
1000
1200
1500
1600
1800
2000
2400

5.6.2 American cable

Four pairs American cable

Pair and binder color code

Color code of American cable

Gray Brown Green Orange
-

------

Blue
---

Ring

Tip

White

Red

13
18

12
17

11
16

Black
Yellow

23

22

21

Violet

10

15
20

14
19

25

24

Quad cable specification no. T.C154 5.6.3

Sequence of
quad in layer

First

Green

WHITE

Red

Black

Orange WHITE

Blue

Black

Second

Color of Quads in all layers

Third Fifth..Seventh

Red

WHITE

Yellow

Black

Fourth- Sixth
-Eight

Brown

WHITE

Blue

Black

a
1a
1b

2a
2b

Star quad

Lay up of unit cables

6
Civil Works
6.1
Trenching Works
6.1.1 Standard Dimensions of Trenches
6.1.1.1 For direct buried cables (and HDPE pipes)

Generally the trenches for direct buried cables

(primary and secondary cables) must have a minimum
width of 35 cm and a standard depth of:

70 cm or more in sidewalks (walkways), farmland and forest .

70 cm or more in carriageways, along railway lines and
90 cm or more at road- and railway line crossings.

The routes and depth of trenches have to be defined

according to the local conditions found on site.

Normally the location of trenches must be fixed at 0.5 m

or 1.0 m from the rear side of the walkways

Typical trench cross section

Normally backfill is
excavated material
without stones.
(stone-free soil)

Whenever the trench

bottom is abrasive, a
layer of sand must be
provided.

Whenever the backfill is

abrasive, the cable has to
be covered by an
additional layer of sand.

Established Areas
Sidewalk
d = 0.70 m
Standard Depth
Carriage Way
d=O.90m
Standard Depth

Un-established Areas
Sidewalk
d = 0.70 m
Standard Depth
Carriage Way
d 0.90 m
Standard Depth

All measurements from the average ground level

6.1.1.2 For Duct Systems

The dimensions of the trenches for the duct system must
be adapted to the formation c pipes to be laid. The
dimensions of the individual trenches required must be
calculated as follows :
Depth for N layers of pipes: Width for X number of
pipes:
90 cm, coverage
X *11 cm , pipes
+N *11cm,pipe
+ (X-1 )*3crn,paces
+ (N-1) * 3 cm, spaces

+ 2 * 20 cm, working spae_

+ 5cmsand,(or l0 cm, if
type_of_soil_requires_more
_sand)
Dimensions of Trenches

6.1.2 Standard Dimensions of Jointing Pits

Cable splicing in pits must start on the same day

immediately after excavations of the pits have been
completed.

It is the obligation of the contractor to secure and

safeguard the open pits by barriers etc, arc guard them
around the clock in order to avoid cable.

Normally the pits must be excavated 20 cm deeper

than the trenches.

Dimensions of Jointing Pits

6.2 MANHOLES AND HANDHOLES

Manhole Card

 Manholes and hand holes are the access points to

the conduit system. They shall allow cable pulling
and cable jointing and are used for storing the cable
joints.

Manholes are used in multi-way conduit systems in

various sizes.

The type of manhole depends on the number of

pipes entering and the purpose to be served.

Hand holes are required as small jointing boxes for

secondary cables only in areas where also the
secondary cables have to be laid in ducts.

The location of manholes and hand holes is

depending on several parameters like
Maximum length of cables
Branching of routes
Location of cabinets respectively DPs
Local conditions on site.
The maximum distance between two manholes shall
not exceed 250 m.

The design of the manholes has to consider certain

requirements as follows:
Depth: Staff needs a minimum high of 2m for pulling
and jointing the cables. The depth must be sufficient
to accommodate the required layers of pipes at the
pipes entrance.

A minimum clearance of 300 mm between the lowest

cable support and the base and of 375 mm between
the top cable support and the ceiling shall be allowed.

 Width: The width is depending on the number of

pipes per layer. A minimum central working space
has to be maintained for jointing and pulling the
cables. It shall be possible to pull in or out each cable
individually. The standard width shall be
1.5 m for manholes with up to 20 ducts
1 .8 m for manholes with up to 28 ducts
Length: The length of the manhole is determined by:

The requirements for bending the incoming cables

from their pipe position onto the cable supports close
to the waIl.

This section is also used to bend the cables into

working position in the central working area. At least
one meter in length is required from each entrance
and exit of the cables.

Space for installing and storing joints, a section of

one meter is required for each cable per layer at one
wall. For each pipe one joint has to be calculated.

The types and standard measurements of manholes

and hand holes required are given in the table below.

7. DOCUMENTATION

A very large amount of investment is spent in the

outside plant sector every year. More than 40 % of
Telecom Egypts capital lies underground. It is,
therefore, essential that an accurate record system is
maintained to indicate the exact location of these plants.

The records give historical data about the year of

installation of the plant as well as the performance of the
network over the years.

This provides the foundation on which future design

must be based and should, therefore, be
comprehensive enough to answer such questions as:
Location of the plant
Type of the plant
Utilisation of the plant
Performance of the plant, and
When and how the plant should be improved.

Records can be classified into two categories in the

outside plant:
- Maps
- Cards

Maps are used to show the status of the network (location and
schematic) whilst cards are used for administrative purposes
and program planning.

Maps can be divided into schematic and topographical maps.

Topographical (or Location)

Maps are drawn to scale, whilst schematic maps do not

contain a scale, but should represent the network according
to its location outside

An overview about maps used in outside plant is shown in the

following table

.No
Type of Map
1 Exchange Area
Map Scale:
1:25.000

Main Content
Zone Area and
Exchange Area
Boundaries Location of
Exchanges
Exchange Area and
Cabinet Area
Boundaries
Location of all Cabinets

What is it used for

Exchange Area Long-Term Planning
Basis for Overview Maps
Basis for Interference
Calculations
Basis for Long-, Mediumand Short-Term Planning
Basis for Project Overview
Maps

Distribution
Network Area
Map
Scale: 1:5.000 or
1:2.500

Location Maps
Scale: 1:500 or
1:1.000
(For special maps
scales 1:100,
1:200, 1:5.000 or
1:2.500)

Location of entire cable

network and duct
system
(Special maps for river
crossings, aerial
networks in remote
areas, etc.)

Basis for Project Planning (shortterm)

Basis for planning of cable protection
measures Work-map for
Troubleshooting Work-map for
inquiries from other institutions and
companies

Schematic
Network Map
for Primary
No scale

Layout of the local

primary network (cables
and ducts) from
exchange to cabinets

Basis for Long-, Medium- and ShortTerm Planning Work-plan for

Troubleshooting Basis for Project
Planning (short-term)
Basis for statistical data Basis for
Planning of cable protection measures

.No

Type of Map

Main Content
Layout of the local secondary
network (cables and ducts)
from cabinets to distribution
points (DPs)

What is it used for

Schematic Network
Map
for Secondary
No scale

Basis for Long-, Mediumand Short-Term Planning

Work-plan for
Troubleshooting
Basis for Project Planning
(short-term)
Basis for statistical data
Basis for Planning of Cable
Protection Measures

MDF Equipping Plan Cable entrance to

No scale
exchange
Cable distribution at
Vault Room and MDF

Basis for Long-, Medium- and Short-Term

Planning Work plan for Troubleshooting
Basis for Project Planning (short-term)
Work plan for Installation and Maintenance

Duct System
Overview Map
Scale: 1:5.000 or
1:2.500

Overview over all Duct

Systems
Number of ducts
Diameter of pipes
Location of manholes

Basis for Long-, Mediumand Short-Term Planning

Basis for Maintenance
Basis for planning of
Protection Measures

Primary Network
Overview Map
No scale

Overview over entire

Primary Network
Network Structure of
Exchange Area

Basis for Long-, Medium- and Short-Term

Planning Overview Info about Primary NW
Key map to Pages of Schematic Network
Map, primary (Map No.4)

Manhole Plan No
scale

Layout and Equipment of

Manhole
Number of entering pipes
Diameter of pipes
Direction of pipes

Basis for Long-, Mediumand Short-Term Planning

Basis for Maintenance
(Orientation for jointers)

Unfortunately not all of these maps are available in

Telecom Egypt and some of the maps represent
some kind of mixtures out the above mentioned
maps (i.e. the General Network Map).

Therefore, it is very important to focus on the fact

that the main content of must be reflected in existing
maps.

Location map

Joint of Primary Cable

pipes inlet in direction to exchange

pipe occupied by this cable

(Exchange)
Number of manhole003 type 1

Manhole 003
211.9 / 2000 " / 0.4

Manhole
178.3 / 2000 " / 0.4

No. of joint

wire gauge in mm of diameter

number of pairs
length of cable between joints

Labeling of Distribution Box

58 AHMED ST.
2
1-10

Address of box
Secondary cable terminal at cabinet

19

Serial No. of box

Pairs of terminal 2 terminated at this box

distance to next MH, CH or HH

length of section between MH

37.0

32.5

6.9
7

MH017-CH018=86.0m

(HH)
4

50mm secondary pipe, occupied

3
1

15

16

17

18

pipe No. 18, empty

11
8

12

13

14
3

pipe No. 14, occupied by

11
8
15

12

13

14
3

16

17

18

3
8

primary cable No. 3

manhole (MH) No. 017
manhole type I

length of pipe No. 5

from manhole No. 017

cabinet No. 8.2

110 mm secondary pipe No. 5,

cabinet hole (CH) No. 018 occupied

20.5

.Ahmed Str - 45

NEW TYPE CABINET

IV

II

III

1) +(2 3

171-180
1-170
1-200
1-200

6
4

7
MH 010

14

191-200
181-190

CABINAT LAYOUT ON SECONDARY SCHEMATICS

Cross Connection Point (CCP)

In the local cable network equipment which enable

by use jumper wire or equivalent, an incoming
pair (primary ) to be connected to any of the
outgoing pair (secondary)

Exchange

Main cable
primary(
)cable

Distribution
cable
secondary(
)cable
Cabinet )CCP(

P
.D

subscribe
r

Remarks

In general each section between two MH, CH or HH is

considered separately .

No special system is required for the allocation of

numbers

Every number must exist only once in a section

Pipes of main routes should be marked with the same
number throughout

Legend used in
American maps

UNUSED SLEEVE
( TERMINATIORS)
EXISISTING DUCT NOT OCCUPIED WITH
CABLE
EXISISTING DUCT OCCUPIED WITH NEW
CABLE
EXISISTING DUCT OCCUPIED WITH EXISISTING
CABLE

conduits to the 2
main network
conduits to the 4
secondary network

Existing
Manhole # 1101

Existing conduit path

inches PVC plastic conduits 4
EXisting
MANHOLE # 1020 TYPE TWO

Wall to wall measurement

End of conduit

Sewer line
Water line
Power line
Gas line
Building number

Conduit / cable variation depth

Railway

Tramway

SAI Boundary
Exchange boundary

SPLICE LOCATION CODE

SPLICE NUMBER=11
CABLE NUMBER=10

Submarine cable

Cable will be removed

CABLE TYPE AND SIZE
Capacity of 50 lines
Direct burial
BURIED
cable
CABLE

GROUND

North