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INTRODUCTION TO
ENGINEERING
PROFESSION
Lecture 1

Course Outline

Chapter One: Engineering Profession

2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
2.5.
2.6.

Biomedical Engineering
Civil & Environmental Engineering
Chemical & Bio Engineering
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Information Technology &Software Engineering
Mechanical & Industrial Engineering

Chapter Three: Engineering in Ethiopia

Definition of Engineering
Short History of Engineering
Fields in Engineering and Historical Development
Wonders of Engineering

Chapter Two: Branches of Engineering

1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.

3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.

History of Engineering in Ethiopia

Current Status of Engineering in Ethiopia
Engineering Codes in Ethiopia
Engineering Associations in Ethiopia

Chapter Four: Code of Ethics

Chapter Five: Duties of Engineering Graduates

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Course Objective

Familiarize the students with the meaning,

history and different aspects of engineering.
Help the students explore future career and
provide resources for job opportunities.
Introduce professional practice, responsibilities,
health and safety and engineering ethics in
academia and in the workplace.
Help the students gain a rewarding
engineering education that will give them a
better chance for employment.
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Course Outcome

Understanding of professional and

ethical responsibilities.
Ability to study effectively.
Ability to think critically, being
innovative/creative and apply
engineering reasoning to problem
solving.
Ability to communicate effectively
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Benefits of this course

Short term

basic ideas about your prospective work

and your academic performance

Long term

prepare yourselves for future work

be prepared to get engineering license
be a good engineer

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Introduction

Definition of Engineering
History of Engineering
Responsibilities
The value of the engineering profession
The legal framework of the engineering
profession
Engineering Majors

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What is an Engineer?

The word Engineer has its roots in the

Latin word Ingeniator which means
ingenious, to devise in the sense of
construct or craftsmanship.
NAE of the US defines Engineer 2020 as
understands the principals of inquirybased scientific methods and engineering
under constraint and be able to apply
them in the technological society
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Engineering

The art and science by which the

properties of matter are made useful to
man, whether in structures, machine,
chemical substances or living organisms
The discipline dealing with the art or
science of applying scientific knowledge
to practical problems

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History of Engineering

Ancient Era
Middle Era
Renaissance Era
Modern era

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Ancient Era

The Pharos of Alexandria,

the pyramids in Egypt,
the Hanging Gardens of Babylon,
the Acropolis and the Parthenon in Greece,
the Roman aqueducts,
Via Appia and the Colosseum,
Teotihuacn and the cities and pyramids of the Mayan,
Inca and Aztec Empires,
the Great Wall of China,
the Buddhist Stupa and Yoda Canal in Sri Lanka,
Axum Obeliscs , Fasil Gimb, Lalibela Churches in Ethiopia
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Ancient Era

the pyramids in Egypt

the Hanging Gardens of Babylon

the Acropolis and the Parthenon in Greece

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the Colosseum

Ancient Era

theGreat Wall of China

A Roman aqueduct

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Ancient Era

The obelisks of Axum

Fasiledes Castles

The Rock hewn churches of Lalibela

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Wall of Jugol

Middle Era

An Artuki by the name ofAl-Jazaribuilt

five machines to pump water for the
kings of theTurkishArtuqid dynastyand
theirpalaces.
Besides over 50 ingenious mechanical
devices,Al-Jazarialso developed and
made innovations to segmental gears,
mechanical
controls,escapementmechanisms,
clocks, robotics, and protocols for
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designing and manufacturing
methods.

Middle Era
Al-Jazaris two-piston suction pump

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Renaissance Era

The firstelectrical engineeris considered to beWilliam

Gilbert, with his 1600 publication ofDe Magnete, who
was the originator of the term "electricity
The firststeam enginewas built in 1698 bymechanical
engineerThomas Savery. The development of this device
gave rise to the industrial revolutionin the coming
decades, allowing for the beginnings ofmass production.
With the rise of engineering as aprofessionin the 18th
century, the term became more narrowly applied to fields
in which mathematics and science were applied to these
ends. Similarly, in addition to military and civil
engineering the fields then known as themechanic
artsbecame incorporated into engineering.
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Renaissance Era

William Gilbert electricity invention

Thomas Saverys mobile steam engi

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Modern Era

Electrical Engineeringcan trace its origins in

ModernMechanical Engineering.

Industrial scale manufacturing demanded new materials and new processes and by 1880 the need for large
scale production of chemicals was such that a new industry was created, dedicated to the development and
large scale manufacturing of chemicals in new industrial plants.T he role of the chemical engineer was the
design of these chemical plants and processes.

Aeronautical Engineering andAerospace Engineering

The inventions of Thomas Savery and the Scottish engineerJames Wattgave rise to

Chemical Engineering, developed in the 19th century during theIndustrial Revolution. [3]

the experiments of Alessandro Voltain the 19th century,

the experiments ofMichael Faraday,
Georg Ohmand others and the invention of theelectric motorin 1872.
The work ofJames MaxwellandHeinrich Hertzin the late 19th century gave rise to the field ofElectronics.
The later inventions of the vacuum tubeand thetransistorfurther accelerated the development of Electronics
to such an extent that electrical and electronics engineers currently outnumber their colleagues of any other
Engineering specialty.

Its origins can be traced back to the aviation pioneers around the turn of the 20th century Early knowledge of
aeronautical engineering was largely empirical with some concepts and skills imported from other branches of
engineering.
Only a decade after the successful flights by theWright brothers, the 1920s saw extensive development of
aeronautical engineering through development ofWorld War Imilitary aircraft

The firstPhDin engineering (technically,applied science and engineering) awarded in the United
States went toWillard GibbsatYale Universityin 1863; it was also the second PhD awarded in
science in the U.S.
In 1990, with the rise ofcomputertechnology,

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the firstsearch enginewas built bycomputer engineerAlan Emtage.

Modern Era

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Pre-Scientific Revolution

The forerunners of engineers, practical artists

and craftsmen, proceeded mainly by trial and
error. Yet tinkering combined with imagination
produced many marvelous devices and
monuments. The ancient Egyptians temples
and monuments such as the great Pyramids
are examples of craftsmanship and intuitive
engineering ingenuity
The prehistory of modern engineering features
ancient master builders and Renaissance
engineers such as Leonardo da Vinci.
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Industrial Revolution

From the eighteenth through early nineteenth

century, civil and mechanical engineers
changed from practical artists to scientific
professionals.
This phase of engineering lasted through the
First Industrial Revolution, when machines,
increasingly powered by steam engines,
started to replace muscles in most production.
While pulling off the revolution, traditional
artisans transformed themselves to modern
professionals.
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Second industrial revolution

In the century before World War II,

chemical, electrical, and other science
based engineering branches developed
electricity, telecommunications, cars,
airplanes, and mass production.
The second industrial revolution,
symbolized by the advent of electricity
and mass production, was driven by
many branches of engineering.
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Information Revolution

As engineering science matured after

the war, microelectronics, computers,
and telecommunications jointly
produced information technology.
Microelectronics, telecommunications,
and computer engineering joined force
to precipitate the information revolution
in which intellectual chores are
increasingly alleviated by machines.
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Responsibilities of the Professional

Engineer

Safety of the public

Welfare of the society
Environmental concerns
Abide by laws, regulations, standards and ethical
code
Produce products/devices that have the following
characteristics:

Adequate performance
Cost-efficient
Low operating and maintenance cost
Longevity/durability
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The Value of the Engineering Profession

Engineers are responsible of

development of civilizations. They
provide:

Shelters
Infrastructure
Communication to link people
Products to make our lives easier and more
enjoyable.

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The Legal Framework of the Engineering Profession

Codes and standards set minimum

requirements to ensure public safety and
adequate performance.

Example of the first structural design code:

the code of Hammourabi (a wellpreservedBabylonianlaw codeof
ancientMesopotamia)

Code of ethics of the profession such as

conflict of interest.
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Engineering Majors :
Traditional

Civil Engineering
Environmental Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Computer Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Architectural Engineering
Construction Engineering
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Engineering Majors:
Non Traditional

Biomedical Engineering
Building Engineering
Materials Engineering
Communication Systems Engineering
Manufacturing Engineering
Energy & Renewable Energy Engineering
Engineering Physics
Petroleum Engineering
Genetic Engineering
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