MAE 3083

Lecture #6
Stress and Strain: Axial loading
Torsion

Dr. Catalin Mandache

February 2nd, 2015

Review of the previous lecture (Stress and Strain)

Thermal strain
Applications involving temperature changes
Poissons ratio
Multiaxial loading
Generalized Hookes law
Saint-Venant principle
Shearing strain

Dr. Catalin Mandache

cmandache@fit.edu

Lecture objectives
More applications on stress and strain, thermal strain, statically
indeterminate problems

Chapter #3: Torsion

Circular shafts
Stress in a shaft
Deformation in a circular shaft angle of twist
Applications

Dr. Catalin Mandache

cmandache@fit.edu

Problem 2.68
x=18 ksi
z=24 ksi
E=12.6X10^6 psi
=0.34
Find change in lengths of
AB, BC and AC

Dr. Catalin Mandache

cmandache@fit.edu

Problem 2.98
P=100 kN. Determine the minimum plate thickness
t required if the allowable stress is 125 MPa.

Dr. Catalin Mandache

cmandache@fit.edu

Chapter #3: Torsion

Members of circular cross section (shafts and tubes) are subject to twisting
couples (or torques of opposite directions).
- circular planes remain undistorted
Transmission shafts used to transfer power from one point to another.
Need to determine:
- stress and strain distribution
- angle of twist
- linear-elastic behaviour
- inelastic behaviour

Dr. Catalin Mandache

cmandache@fit.edu

Torques in shafts
Turbine exerts a torque on the shaft,
torque that is transmitted to the
generator.
Stress and strains are generated in
the shaft due to the twisting torques.

Dr. Catalin Mandache

cmandache@fit.edu

Internal shearing stresses

Torques acting on a shaft

Equilibrium considerations
Cannot determine the stress distribution:
statically indeterminate problem
Need to consider deformations
Unlike the normal stress due to axial loads, the distribution of shearing
stresses due to torsional loads cannot be assumed uniform.
Dr. Catalin Mandache
cmandache@fit.edu

Shaft deformation, twist angle

Based on observation:
~T
and
~L
Cross-sections for hollow and solid circular
shafts remain plain and undistorted
because a circular shaft is axisymmetric.

Dr. Catalin Mandache

cmandache@fit.edu

Shearing strain

circular shaft of length L and radius c

shearing strain is
proportional to radius and
length of the shaft

Dr. Catalin Mandache

cmandache@fit.edu

Shearing stress and strain in the elastic limit

Hookes law for shearing stress:

elastic torsion
formulas

Dr. Catalin Mandache

cmandache@fit.edu

Concept application 3.1

Hollow circular shaft, outer diameter
of 60 mm, inner diameter of 40 mm.
Length of the shaft, L=1.5 m.
Find torque that can be applied if
the shearing stress is not to exceed
120 MPa
The corresponding minimum value
of the shearing stress in the shaft.

Dr. Catalin Mandache

cmandache@fit.edu