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Part 5
Describes techniques to fit curves (curve fitting) to discrete
data to obtain intermediate estimates.
There are two general approaches two curve fitting:
Data exhibit a significant degree of scatter. The strategy is to derive a
single curve that represents the general trend of the data.
Data is very precise. The strategy is to pass a curve or a series of
curves through each of the points.
Figure PT5.1
by Lale Yurttas, T
Chapter 17
exas A&M Universit
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Mathematical Background
Simple Statistics/
In course of engineering study, if several
measurements are made of a particular quantity,
additional insight can be gained by summarizing the
data in one or more well chosen statistics that convey
as much information as possible about specific
characteristics of the data set.
These descriptive statistics are most often selected to
represent
The location of the center of the distribution of the data,
The degree of spread of the data.
by Lale Yurttas, T
Chapter 17
exas A&M Universit
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
n
i 1, , n
or
2
y
y y
2
i
by Lale Yurttas, T
Chapter 17
exas A&M Universit
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
/n
n 1
2
(
y
y
)
i
n 1
Degrees of freedom
c.v.
Sy
y
100%
by Lale Yurttas, T
Chapter 17
exas A&M Universit
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Figure PT5.2
by Lale Yurttas, T
Chapter 17
exas A&M Universit
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Figure PT5.3
by Lale Yurttas, T
Chapter 17
exas A&M Universit
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
e (y
i 1
i 1
ao a1 xi )
e y
i 1
i 1
a0 a1 xi
by Lale Yurttas, T
Chapter 17
exas A&M Universit
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Figure 17.2
by Lale Yurttas, T
Chapter 17
exas A&M Universit
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
10
i 1
i 1
i 1
by Lale Yurttas, T
Chapter 17
exas A&M Universit
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
11
0 yi a 0 a1 xi
0 yi xi a 0 xi a1 xi2
na0
na0 xi a1 yi
a1
n xi yi xi yi
n x xi
2
i
Mean values
by Lale Yurttas, T
Chapter 17
a
a
x
0 A&M Universit
1
exas
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
12
Figure 17.3
by Lale Yurttas, T
Chapter 17
exas A&M Universit
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
13
Figure 17.4
by Lale Yurttas, T
Chapter 17
exas A&M Universit
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
14
Figure 17.5
by Lale Yurttas, T
Chapter 17
exas A&M Universit
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
15
St S r
r
St
2
r2-coefficient of determination
by Lale Yurttas, T
Sqrt(r2) correlation coefficient
exas A&M Universit
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
16
by Lale Yurttas, T
Chapter 17
exas A&M Universit
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
17
Polynomial Regression
Some engineering data is poorly represented
by a straight line. For these cases a curve is
better suited to fit the data. The least squares
method can readily be extended to fit the data
to higher order polynomials (Sec. 17.2).
by Lale Yurttas, T
Chapter 17
exas A&M Universit
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
18
Y Z A E
Z matrix of the calculated values of the basis functions
at the measured values of the independent variable
S r yi a j z ji
i 1
j 0
by Lale Yurttas, T
exas A&M Universit
Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
19