2nd International Seminar on Fundamental and Application

of Chemical Engineering 2014 (ISFAChE 2014)

BIOGAS RENEWABLE ENERGY FROM
RURAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTES FOR
FUTURE BETTER LIFE
Prof. Dr. Ir. Nonot Soewarnoa

Department of Chemical Engineering, Sepuluh

Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya 60111,
Indonesia
a

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BIOGAS

As An Alternative
Energy

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THE ANAEROBIC PROCESS

Hydrolysis phase
(C6H10O5)n + nH2O n(C6H12O6)
Acidogenesis phase
C6H12O6 2CH3CHOHCOOH (Lactic acid)
C6H12O6 CH3CH2CH2COOH (Butyric acid) + 2CO2 + 2H2O
C6H12O6 CH3CH2COOH (Propionate acid) + CO2 + CO + 2H2O
C6H12O6 CH3COOH (Acetic acid)

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RURAL WASTE BIOGAS

Rural waste (cow dung)

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RURAL
WASTE

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Fig. 1(a) Schematic diagram of bioreactor include with gas holder

RURAL
WASTE

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Fig. 1(b) Schematic diagram of skeleton of bioreactor

RURAL
WASTE

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Fig. 2(a) Photo of bioreactor tank include with gas holder

Reactor
Flow Rate
Circulation Ratio
COD Load

5,000 Liter
1,125 Liter/Day
1 : 0.5 ~ 1
3 Kg/m3.Day

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RURAL
WASTE

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Fig. 2(b) Photo of circulation and manometer system

RURAL
WASTE
3.1 Biogas calculation for the rural waster (cow-dung)
Number of cows
Weight of cow-dung per cow
Cow-dung per day
Influent for ratio
cowdung:water = 1:2
COD influent
kg COD influent/day
COD reduction of 80%
1 kg COD = m3 biogas

5.00
20.00
100.00

kg
kg

300.00 Kg or Litre
30,000.
ppm
9.00
kg/day
7.20
kg/day
0.40

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RURAL
WASTE
3.1 Biogas calculation for the rural waster (cow-dung)
m3 biogas produced
1 m3 biogas
k calori biogas/day
1 litre kerosin
Kerosin/day
1 litre kerosin
IDR kerosin/day
IDR kerosin/year

2.88
6,500.00
18,720.00
10,080.00
1.86
14,000.00
26,000.00
9,490,000.00

m3/day
k calori
k
calori/day
k calori
litre/day
IDR
IDR
IDR
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INDUSTRIAL WASTE

3.2 Biogas calculation for the ethanol industry

Alcohol per day

Waste water per day
COD influent
kg COD influent/day
COD reduction of 80%
1 kg COD = m3 biogas
m3 biogas produced
1 m3 biogas

120,000.00
1,080,000.00
120,000.00
129,600.00
103,680.00
0.40
41,472.00
6,500.00

litre
litre
Ppm
kg/day
kg/day

m3/day
kcalori

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INDUSTRIAL WASTE

3.2 Biogas calculation for the ethanol industry

k calori biogas/day

269,568,000.00

kcalori/day

1 litre kerosin

10,080.00

kcalori

kerosin/day

26,742.86

litre/day

1 litre kerosin

14,000.00

IDR

374,400,000.00

IDR

30,688.52

US$/day

131,040,000,000.00

IDRyear

IDR kerosin/day

IDR kerosin/year

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INDUSTRIAL WASTE

Fig. 3. Photoes of ethanol plant with anaerobic process

and ethanol plant

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INDUSTRIAL WASTE

Fig. 3. Photoes of ethanol plant with anaerobic process

and ethanol plant

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INDUSTRIAL WASTE

Fig. 4. Photoes of vinasse and anaerobic process for

handling vinasse

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INDUSTRIAL WASTE

Fig. 4. Photoes of vinasse and anaerobic process for

handling vinasse

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to thank the Sepuluh Nopember Institute

of Technology (ITS) and the Indonesian Directorate General of
Higher Education (DIKTI) for the financial supports.

CONCLUSION
We can handling waste water from rural or industrial waste and
generate biogas.
Biogas from domestic waste can be used for 2 households in
Indonesia.
Biogas from ethanol industrial waste with capacity 120,000 L/day
could generate approximately 41,472 m3/day or 270,000,000
kCal/day, equal U.S. $ 31,200/day.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to thank the Sepuluh Nopember Institute

of Technology (ITS) and the Indonesian Directorate General of
Higher Education (DIKTI) for the financial supports.

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THANK YOU