Research Design

A research design is a plan for conducting the research work

It presents a series of guide post to enable the researcher to

progress in the right direction in order to achieve the goal.

The design may include various steps; i.e. selecting a research

problem, presentation of the problem, formulation of
hypothesis, conceptual clarity, methodology, survey of literature
& data collection, testing of hypothesis, interpretation & report
writing

Research design possessed the five

basic elements
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Selection of problem
Methodology
Data collection
Data Analysis
Presentation/Report
writing

Definition of Research Design

A research design is a specification of methods &

procedure for acquiring the information need.

It is the overall operational pattern of framework for

the project that stipulates what information is to be
collected from which source by what procedure.

Research design is the plan, structure & strategy of

investigation conceived so as to obtain answers to
research questions and to control variance. Research
designs are also specifically focused on;
Sample design
Observational/experimental design
Statistical design

Qualitative Research Design

Qualitative research design is a method of experimentation used extensively by
scientists and researchers studying human behavior and habits. It is also very
useful for product designers who want to make a product that will sell.
For example, a designer generating some ideas for a new product might want to
study peoples habits and preferences, to make sure that the product is
commercially viable
The design of qualitative research is probably the most flexible of the various
experimental techniques, encompassing a variety of accepted methods and
structures. From an individual case study to an extensive survey, this type of
study still needs to be carefully constructed and designed, but there is no
standardized structure.
Case studies and survey designs are the most commonly used methods.

Quantitative Research
In quantitative research your aim is
to determine the relationship
between one thing (an independent
variable) and another (a dependent
or outcome variable) in a
population.
Research base on data and their
analysis

Types of Research Design

Descriptive
Research Design

Comparative
Research Design

Interventional
Research Design

Descriptive Research

Descriptive research design involves the systematic collection &

presentation of data which gives a clear picture of a particular
situation

It is a fact-finding operation searching for adequate information.

Descriptive research is a process of accumulating facts. It does not
necessarily seek to explain relations but tests hypothesis, make
predictions or get at meaning and implication of a study.

The Descriptive research may be;

Historical
Development
Case studies

Types of Descriptive Research

Historical Research
Historical Research is concerned with past phenomena It is a process
collecting, evaluating, verifying & synthesizing past events, evaluating
systematically & objectively to reach a conclusion. It is a helpful to give
lesson, knowledge of past event & also very useful for reconstruction &
development.
Development research
Development research is a conducted for the purpose of predicting future
trends. It concentrates on the study of variables, their rates of change
directions; sequences & other interrelated factors over a period of time.
Case Study
A Case Study is Research conducted in detailed in a specific case or event

Comparative Research Design

A comparative study attempts to
establish course for certain problem.
This is done by comparing two
or more groups of situations or
variables.
Interventional Research
Design
This type of research, where a
situations and measures the
effect is studied. There are two
type interventional researches.

Interventional Research
Design
True experimental
Quasi experimental

Experimental:
Laboratory
Experiment
Field Experiment

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