Surveying I.

Lecture 11.

Setting out straight lines, angles,

points in given elevation, center
line of roadworks and curves.
Sz. Rzsa

Setting out points with geometric criteria:

straight lines: the points must be on a straight line,
which is defined by two marked points;
horizontal angles: one side of the angle is already set
out, the other side should be set out;

Koordintkkal adott pontok kitzse:

setting out points with defined horizontal coordinates in
a local or national coordinate system;
setting out points with defined elevation (local or
national reference system)

Setting out straight lines

Alignment from the endpo

Alignment (AC distance is observable)

c a tan

lignment (AC distance is not observable

1 c
c
1
1 2

2 c
c
2
1 2

c c c
1 2

Alignment (C is located on the

extension of AB line)

Set out the extension of the line in Face Left!

Set out the extension of the line in Face Right!

Setting out straight lines

Alignment on the unknown po

Setting out straight lines

(AC and BC distance is observable)
c a
c b

ab
c

a b

Setting out straight lines

AC and BC distance is NOT observable)
Lets use the formula of the previous case for c1 and c2!

ab
c

1 a b 1

1 c
c
1
1 2

ab
c

2 a b 2

2 c
c
2
1 2

c
1 1
c
2 2

c c c
1 2

tting out straight lines through obstacles

BB
DD
DA
BA

BB
E E
E A
BA

Setting out horizontal angles

c a tan

Feladat:
irnnyal
tetszleges
the
szgetdistance
bezr
irny
Tzzk
ki
Compute
a az
CAB
pont
helyt
and(pl.
measure
I. tvcsllsban
a kitzsvel),
a.
kitzse.
The linear majd
correction
mrjk meg
c can
a BAC
be computed
szget () using and

Setting out coordinated points

Setting out
coordinated points

1. Tape surveying (offset surveys)

2. Setting out with polar coordinates (radiation)

Offset surveys

The optical square

Top view

t surveys computation of chainage and

EE sinsin
WCB N
N
aai a E
iN1,i cos
cosWCB
WCBAB ,,
1,i WCB

1
i

AB
P P A
AB P
A
AB

cosWCB
WCB N
N N sin
. ,
WCB
sinWCB
bbi biE
EEi1 ,cos
1
i
AB
i

1
,
i
AB

P P A
AB P
A
AB

ffset surveys computation of coordinat

a a a
i i i1
b b b
i i i1
Y Y
r B A
sin

AB
a

AB
X X
m B A cos
AB
a

AB

EE EE a sin
r
bbcos

m
Pi Ai1P
iAB P i AB

cos
b r b asin
m
NNi NNi
a
i AB P i AB
P
A 1P

tting out with polar coordinates (radiatio

Given: A, B and P

2nd fundamental task of surveying:

AB

,t

AP AP

AP

AB

Setting out points with given elevation

lset HoC H Plan H A l A H Plan

VI. Setting out the centerline of roadworks

1. Preparations:
- Given: S , E, T1, T2, Tn, and r1, r2, rn,
- 2nd fundamental task:

, d ,..., d
nV
K1 12

, ,...,
nV
K 1 12

i
i ,i1
i1,i

i
i1,i
i ,i1

(in case of right curves facing to increasing

stationing)

(in case of left curves facing to increasing

stationing)

Tangent-length:

Length of arc:

i
t r tan
i
i
2
i
A 2r
i
i 360

2. Stationing (computation of chainages)

The station of S:

0+00

Round stations between S and CS1

CS1 station:

t
K1 1

 CE1 station = CS1 Station + Length of Arc

CE1CS2 first round station is S1, the station of CE1
should be rounded upwards (amount of rounding is 1);
CS2 station = CE1 station + d12 (t1 + t2)
between CE1 and CS2 round stations should be computed

 CEnE section: first station is Sn, the value is the upward

rounded station of CEn
Station of E = Cen + (dnV tn)
Round stations between CEn s E

3. Computing the coordinates of CL points (stations) along the straight lines

Coordinates can be computed based on the distance between the traverse points (Ti)
and the WCB between the traverse points.

4. Setting out the CL points:

Using polar setting out (radiation) from the traverse points.

5. The setting out of principal points on the curves:

Measure the tangent length
from T! Thus the CS and CE
points can be found:

t r tan

With the distance c the

points A and and B can be
found:

c r tan

CM is exactly between A
and B.

5. The setting out of principal points on the curves:

The point CM can be set
out from the chord CSCE:

y r sin

x r r cos

5. The setting out of principal points on the curves:

When T is not suitable for
observations, then the points A and
B are set out.

e AB is measured,
The distance
And the complementer angle of and .

The distances AT and Bare computed

(sine-theorem)

The a and b distances are computed, and the points CS and CE are computed.

6. Setting out the detail points on the curves

Detail points with equal distance:

r sin k

x r r cos k
k

Detail points with equal y diff.:

y
y

IV r sin
n
n

k y

2
2
x r r y
k
k