Embedded System in

Automobile
By
k.Krishna praneeth
(13761A1008)

Embedded System- Definition?

An embedded system is a
combination of hardware and
software which creates a
dedicated computer system
that performs specific, predefined tasks and which is
encapsulated within the
device it controls
(if it is part of a larger
device).

Characteristics of embedded systems

Sophisticated functionality.

Often have to run sophisticated algorithms or multiple algorithms.

Often provide sophisticated user interfaces.

Real-time operation .
Must finish operations by deadlines

Many systems are multi-rate must handle operations at widely

varying rates

Low manufacturing cost.

Low power.
Designed to tight deadlines by small teams.

Automotive Systems: Technology in today's

vehicle

Air Bags
The Black Box
Anti-lock Brake System(ABS)
Adaptive Cruise Control
Drive by wire
Satellite Radio Eg:XM
Telematics Eg:OnStar
Rain-sensing Wipers
Emission Control
Traction Control
Automatic Parking
In-vehicle entertainment
Heads-up display
Night Vision
Back-up collision sensor
Navigation Systems
Tire Pressure Monitor
Climate Control

Air Bags : Principle of function

It is from the Newton's 2nd law of

motion
It basically restrains the continuous
motion of the passenger, by giving
a soft surface to land on.
AIR BAGS are among the most
important safety improvements
added to cars and light trucks in
recent years, providing extra
protection for front-seat occupants
in head-on crashes.
And of late, every passengers
protection
Fig : Air Bag-

Event Data Recorder-EDR or the The "Black

Box"

The Event Data Recorder (EDR) in

an automobile is based upon the
sensors and microprocessor
computer system that are used to
activate the airbag in the vehicle
during a crash.
The SDM, which is controlled by a
microprocessor, has multiple
functions:
(1)

(2)
(3)

Black Box Exterior

View

It determines if a severe enough

impact has occurred to warrant
deployment of the air bag;
It monitors the air bags components;
It permanently records information.
Black Box Interior View

Anti-lock Braking System(ABS)

Up until the seventies, hitting the brakes too hard could lead to an
accident.
The reason: When the coefficient of slip between tires and road surface
is too low, hitting the brakes can cause wheel lock-up. The vehicle is no
longer steerable and goes into a skid.
In particular, this danger is present

On wet or slippery road surfaces with different levels of grip between tires
and road

On preventing wheel lock-up:

Reduces the total braking distance as far as possible

Increase vehicle stability
Maintains steer ability even in case of all-out braking

Principle of functioning

Wheel-speed sensors detect whether a wheel is showing

a tendency to lock-up
In case of a lock-up tendency, the electronic control unit
reduces the braking pressure individually at the wheel
concerned
High-speed correction of the braking pressure up to
shortly before the lock-up threshold
The brake-fluid return together with the closed-loop
brake circuits makes this a safe, reliable, and costeffective system

Advantage

A gain for driving safety

The vehicle remains steerable, even in case of panic

braking
Shorter stopping distances on practically all road surfaces

Many accidents are avoided

Embedded Navigation System

Another advancement of
the embedded system in
automobiles is the
navigational system usin
g GPS system
. This navigational system
consists of an embedded
circuitry built with a GPS
receiver, a gyroscope, a
DVD-ROM, main controller
and a display system.

How it works :

The GPS receiver receives the

current longitude and latitude
values that are compared with
the stored map. The
Gyroscope and other sensors
provide the road direction and
speed. From all the
information gathered at the
main controller, the display
system displays a navigation
or route map of the
destination in the display
screen

Dynamic Traction & Stability Control

The traction control system is required to prevent driver error from

overloading any of the four wheels and causing slip, through either
throttle or brake application
Drastically improve vehicle performance and safety by maintaining
optimal wheel traction in all road conditions
The basic principle is always the adaptation of the wheel torque to
the coefficient of friction between the wheel and the road surface.
To this end, the systems make use of different intervention methods
In the wheel brakes
In the drivetrain control

Dynamic Traction & Stability Control

Fig: The Principle of Functioning of TCS with

Embedded Rain-Sensing System

Embedded rain-sensing system in

automobiles is another automation system
implemented with use of electronic
system. In this, an optical sensor is placed
on small area of the front windshield glass
(opposite to rear-view mirror).
This optical sensor is placed at an angle
to emit the infrared light which then reads
amount of light by it when the light is
reflected back. This light is reflected in
cases where the windshield is wet or dirty.
Thus the optical sensor determines
necessary speed and frequency of
windshield wiper depends on reflected
light into the sensor.

Intelligent Cruise Control

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control with Collision

Warning (CACC + CW)
CACC: Cruise at given speed when the road is clear
(cruise control) otherwise follow the car in front, using
radar (adaptive) and/or communications (cooperative).
CW: Warn the driver when an object is being approached
too fast, or is too close

How it works :

Uses forward-looking
radar, installed behind
the grill of a vehicle, to
detect the speed and
distance of the vehicle
ahead of it.
Can automatically
adjust speed in order to
maintain a proper
distance between
vehicles in the same

Drive by wire

Drive-by-Wire replaces mechanical connections push

rods,rack & pinion, steering columns, overhead cams,
cables by mechatronic connections sensors, actuators,
embedded microprocessors, control software

Fig: Drive-by-Wire Throttle Control

Fig: Future Car with drive by wire

Conclusion : Its a connected drive

Thank you

QUERIES?