LOCOMOTION

&
SUPPORT
 LOCOMOTION
Ability of animal to move from place to place

Interaction between
MUSCLE & SKELETON
WHY ANIMAL & HUMAN
NEED TO MOVE?

1. TO SEARCH FOR FOOD & SHELTER

2. TO ESCAPE FROM ENEMIES

3. TO FIND MATES TO PROPAGATE THE SPESIES

MAJOR FUNCTION OF
SKELETON

1. Provide shape and support

2. Enable movement

3. Protect internal organs

4. Produce blood cells

5. Store materials (example: calcium, phosphate)

STRUCTURE OF
THE HUMAN
SKELETON
 SKULLNEWBORN BABY
275 bones
STERNUM

RIBS

PECTORAL VERTEBRAL Some of

GIRDLE COLUMN the bones
Fuse together

PELVIC
GIRDLE
ADULTS – 206 bones

AXIAL SKELETON

APPENDICULAR SKELETON
 HUMAN SKELETON

AXIAL SKELETON APPENDICULAR SKELETON

•SKULL •PECTORAL GIRDLE

•VERTEBRAL COLUMN •BONE OF LIMBS

(back bone/spine) (forelimbs & hind limbs)

•RIBS •PELVIC GIRDLE

•STERNUM
 AXIAL SKELETON

SKULL VERTEBRAL COLUMN RIBS STERNUM

(back bone/spine)
 SKULL

Cranium

Facial bone

Jaw bone/mandible
 VERTEBRAL COLUMN
(back bone/spine)

• Support head & body

• provides a canal for the

nerve cord and space for
nerve branch out of spinal
cord

CARTILAGE DISC
Sandwich between each of the vertebrae
To absorb shock
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
(back bone/spine)

Cervical (7) - NECK

Thoracic ( 12)
THORAX/CHEST REGION

Lumbar (5) – ABDOMAL REGION

Sacrum (5) – LOWER BACK

Coccyx (4)
END OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN
TYPICAL VERTEBRA
7 Cervical vertebrae

Atlas Axis
1st cervical vertebrate 2nd cervical vertebrate

Neural canal

Allow vertebrate artery to pass through to the brain

12 Thoracic vertebrae

Support the ribs

RIBS

Interculating with a pair of ribs

except the 11th and 12th thoracic vertebrae
5 Lumbar vertebrae

BIGGEST VERTEBRAE

Short but big centrum

Subject to greatest stress
5 SACRUM & COCCYX 4

SACRUM FUSED TO COCCYX

RIBS & STERNUM
APPENDICULAR SKELETON

PECTORAL GIRDLE
Connection between
axial skeleton and

CONSIST OF

• CLAVICLE
• SCAPULA

Forelimbs (arm)

•HUMERUS
•RADIUS
•ULNA
•CARPALS
•METACARPALS
•PHALANGES
PELVIC GIRDLE
Connection between
axial skeleton and hind limb (legs)

Hind limbs (legs)

•FEMUR
•PATELLA
•TIBIA
•FIBULA
•TARSAL
•METATARSALS
•PHALANGES