Theories of Failure

BY:
ABHISHEK PATIL
RUPARAM CHOUDHARY
RAHUL BHOYE
KRUSHNA BAWACHE
DHIRAJ AHIRRAO

What is Failure?
Failure any change in a machine part which

makes it unable to perform its intended

function.
We will normally use a yield failure criteria

for ductile materials. The ductile failure

theories presented are based on yield.

Requirement of TOF
Theories of failure are used to determine the

safe dimension of a component when it is

subjected to combined stresses due to
various loads.
Theories of failure are used in design by
establishing a relationship between stresses
induced under combined loading conditions
and properties obtained from tension test
like Syt & Sut

Various Theory Of Failure

Maximum principal stress theory
Maximum shear stress theory
Maximum strain energy theory
Maximum Distortion energy theory

Maximum Principle Stress Theory

This theory is suitable for the safe design of

machine component made up of brittle

material, because brittle material are weak in
tension
This theory is not good for design of ductile
material because shear failure may occur
But this theory is also suitable for ductile
material under following condition :
1. uniaxial state of stress condition.
2. Under biaxial state of stress when they are like
in nature.
3. Hydrostatic stress condition.

Maximum Principle Stress Theory:

Condition For Failure:
1 > Syt or Sut
Condition for safe design:

1 < Syt/N or Sut/N

Where N is factor of safety.
For ductile material:
Syc > Syt > Sys
For Brittle material:
Syc > Sys > Syt

Graphical representation of MPST

Maximum shear stress theory

Condition For Failure:

Condition for safe design:

For triaxial state of stress

condition

For biaxial state of stress: 3=0

When 1 & 2 are like in nature:

1 < Sty/N
When 1 & 2 are unlike :

1- 2 < Syt/N

Graphical representation of MSST

MPST and MSST will give

same result
under biaxial state of stress when
principle stresses are like in nature.

M.S.S.T. is not valid under hydrostatic

stress condition (because every plane

passing through the point is principle
plane hence absolute shear stress is zero)
M.S.S.T.

Gives over safe design for

ductile material .

Maximum
strain
energy
theory:
Condition For Failure:
Total strain energy/vol > [(S.E/vol)yp]TT
Condition for safe design:
Total strain energy/vol < [(S.E/vol)yp]TT

Under triaxial loading condition:

By putting the values in safe design condition, we get:

For Biaxial state of stress, 3=0

It is a equation of ellipse whose graphical

representation is shown in figure.

 For hydrostatic stresses, it is the best theory.

Maximum
Distortion
energy
theory:

Condition For Failure:

Max. D.E. / volume > [(D.E./vol.)yp]TT
Condition for safe design:
Max. D.E. / volume < [(D.E./vol.)yp]TT
Max. D.E. / vol = Total S.E. /vol volumetric S.E. / vol

By inserting the values of energies in D.E equation

We got:

By inserting the values of energies in Safe design condition

We got:

For biaxial state of stress:

This is a equation of ellipse with

Semi major axis = 1.414 Syt
Semi minor axis = 0.816 Syt

Comparison of TOF

As area bounded by curve increases ,

failure stress increases,
dimensions of part decreases,
so safety and cost decreases.

Area of MDET curve > area of MSST curve

So dimension of MDET < dimension of MSST
MPST, MSST, MDET will give same result

under biaxial state of stress of same nature

i.e. 1=2= and 3=0

Conclusion:
MPST:
Best TOF for brittle material design.
Suitable for ductile material under three

case.
MSST:
Gives safe design for ductile.
MDET:
Best TOF for ductile material design.

Thank You