Cholesterol & Fat

Cholesterol & Fat

FAT - FACTS
Fat have a greasy, oily, or waxy consistency, composed of
fatty acids

Fatty Acids

1. Saturated Fatty Acid

2. Monounsaturated
3. Polyunsaturated
Saturated fats are solid at room temperature
Found in animal fat milk fat, butter, red meat
Plant Origin Coconut and Palm Oils
Cashew nut
Unsaturated Fats are soft or liquid
Polyunsaturated fats will stay in Liquid Form
Mono-unsaturated fats will become viscous

Cholesterol & Fat

Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Omega 3 & Omega 6

Omega - 3
Found in fish oils mackerel, tuna, salmon,
sardines
Walnuts, Soya, pumpkin Seeds, and Olives
Fish Oil reduce Blood Triglycerides
Anti-Clogging Effect
Anti-Inflammatory Properties
Good Vision
Hormone Production
Joint Flexibility
Lower the risk of Alzheimers Disease

Cholesterol & Fat

Omega - 6 Polyunsaturated Fat
Linolenic Acid found Vegetable oil corn oil, safflower and
soya bean
Corn Oil, Cotton Seed Oil, Safflower oil, Sunflower Oil, Soya
Bean Oil are Polyunsaturated.
They prevents clotting
Relax blood vessels
Lower blood pressure
Maintain water balance in the
body
Decrease pain and inflammation
Improve immune system
Help insulin to work

Cholesterol & Fat

Mono-Unsaturated Fats : Found in Olive and Canola
Oils

Olive Oil

Lower the incidence of Heart disease

Brain Function Mood controlling brain
chemical, Serotonin
Pregnancy Omega 3 and Omega 6 for
Foetal Brain development
Decrease Triglycerides, LDH and
Increase HDL
Weight Loss Increase Metabolic Rate
Heat Production Energy Burn more
calories
Skin Vitamin E

Cholesterol & Fat

Cholesterol & Fat

Function of Dietary Fats
Source of Heat and Energy
Add Flavour and Palatability to diet
Furnish Essential Fatty Acids
Spare Burning of Proteins for Energy
Slow Digestive Process
Serve as carrier of Fat Soluble, Vitamin A, D, E &
K
Insulate and Control Body Temperature

Cholesterol & Fat

Cholesterol: is a waxy, fat like substance
classified as Lipid- found in every cell of human
body
It is used by the body
To digest Fat
To Strengthen Cell
Membrane
To Manufacture Hormones
Vitamin D
Bile ( Digestive Juice)
Skin Oils
Nerve and Brain Cell
Sheath

Cholesterol & Fat

Cholesterol
Bodys richest concentration of cholesterol is in the
Brain
Liver and to some extend small intestine make all the
cholesterol that we need
1000 mg of Cholesterol is Manufactured in a day
Cholesterol and other fats in the body cannot dissolve
in the blood
Transported by the Special Carriers of Lipids and
Proteins Lipoproteins
Two important ones are low density Lipoprotein and
High Density Lipoprotein

Cholesterol & Fat

Low Density Lipoprotein (Bad
Cholesterol)
Major Carrier of Cholesterol in the blood
LDL Cholesterol have little protein and high levels
of cholesterol
LDL Cholesterol can slowly build up within the
walls of arteries while feeding the Heart and Brain
- Plaque
Later causes arteries to harden
Atherosclerosis
Plaque can block the flow of blood and oxygen to
heart
If enough blood and Oxygen cannot reach your
heart suffer chest pain
When blood supply to a portion of the heart is
completely cut off by blockage Heart Attack

BLOCKAGE OF THE
ARTERY

Cholesterol & Fat

High Density Lipoproteins Good Cholesterol
Carries away bad cholesterol from
the cell and tissue back to Liver
Hence know as Good Cholesterol
Has a powerful Anti-oxidant
properties
It block the oxidation of LDL
Cholesterol
HDL has lot of Protein and Very
little Cholesterol

Cholesterol & Fat

What are the symptoms of High Cholesterol?
Does not cause any
Symptoms

When to Check for Cholesterol?

Over the age of 20, should get their cholesterol level
checked at least once every 5 years

NORMAL
VLUES
Total Cholesterol
150 250 mg %
H. D. L.

20 60 mg %

L. D. L.

Up to 150 mg %

Triglyceride

30 180 mg %

Cholesterol & Fat

Bad Cholesterol
Level
Total Cholesterol
Category
Less than 200

Desirable

200 239

Border Line

240 and above

High

LDL Cholesterol

Category

Less than 100

Optimal

100 - 129

Near Optimal

130 -159
160 - 189

Border Line High

High

190 and Above

Very High

HDL Cholesterol
Triglyceride

- Above 35 mg / dl
- 150 199 High

Cholesterol & Fat

How is High Cholesterol Treated?
Main Goal is to lower LDL and raise HDL
Eat a Heart Healthy Diet
Take Cholesterol Lowering Medication
Goals for Lowering LDL based on the number of risk factors
for Heart Disease
If you have 0-1 Risk factor for Heart Disease Low to
moderate risk life style change recommended.
2 or more risk factors Moderate risk-life style change with
cholesterol lowering drugs
If you have known heart disease, diabetes or multiple risk
factors High Risk

Cholesterol & Fat

Cholesterol Lowering Drugs
Statins
Niacin
Bile Acid Resins
Fibric Acid Derivatives

Side Effects of Cholesterol Lowering Drugs

Muscle Aches
Abnormal Liver Function
Allergic Skin Reaction
Heart Burn
Dizziness
Abdominal Pain
Constipation
Decreased Sexual Desire

Cholesterol & Fat

Risk Factors for Heart Disease
Uncontrollable Risk Factors
Positive Family History of Heart Disease
Male Sex > 45 years
Post-menopausal > 55 years
Older Age

Controllable Risk Factors

Smoking
Hypertension
Diabetes Mellitus
Sedentary Habit
Obesity (More than 20% over ones ideal body weight)
High LDL and Low HDL
Uncontrollable Stress and Anger
Increased Plasma Homocysteine Level

Cholesterol & Fat

Prevention of Ischemic Heart Disease
o

Check cholesterol level and be sure it is normal

Check B.P. regularly, and if high, take

treatment

Diabetes should be treated and brought under

control

Stop Smoking

Do regular aerobic exercise and brisk walking

Stick to healthy diet rich in fish, vegetable,

fruits, and low in fat

Maintain an ideal body weight

Do not indulge in excess of alcohol

If you are a post-menopausal women consider

hormone replacement therapy

Dietary supplementation of folic acid in