CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

RURAL OCCUPATION AND

RURAL AREA

Where the people are engaged in primary industry in the sense that
they produce things directly for the first time in cooperation with
nature
Rural areas are separately
settled places away from
the influence of large cities
and towns.
Such areas are distinct from
more intensively settled
urban and sub-urban areas,
and also from unsettled
lands or wilderness, such as
forest.

RURAL OCCUPATION
Occupation in Indian villages reflects the base of the socioeconomic culture prevalent in rural areas of the country.
The main occupation types comprise of :
AGRICULTURE
FISHING
WEAVING
COTTAGE INDUSTRY
HANDICRAFTS
POTTERY
BUSINESS
VARIOUS SMALL
MEDIUM OR LARGE SCALE INDUSTRIES
CARPENTRY

OCCUPATION OF INDIA
The
main
India
Factors
foroccupation
Dependencyoffor
basicisneeds:
agriculture. India earns 65% of
money in agriculture.
About 70% of the population is
engaged in this activity.
India ranks second worldwide in
farm output.
AGRICULTURAL OCCUPATION
Agriculture is the main occupation
of the rural India. The climatic
conditions in India are suitable for
agriculture hence India is leading
producer of agricultural products

It is observed that almost half population in rural is

engaged in agriculture.

FACTORS FOR DEPENDENCY OF BASIC NEEDS:

ECONOMY
Economic condition to adopt high cost technology.
High cost of inputs.
Under privileged rural industries
RATE OF GROWTH
Employment
Education
Technology
Basic services like roads,hospitals,schools,
recreational areas etc.
Awareness
AVAILAIBILITY
Natural resources
local materials for construction

PACE OF LIFESTYLE
SIMPLE
SLOW
Lifestyles in rural areas are different
than those in urban areas, because :
limited services are available.
Governmental services like law
enforcement, schools, fire departments,
and libraries may be distant, limited in
scope, or unavailable.
Utilities like water, sewer, street
lighting, and garbage collection may not
be present.
Public transport is sometimes absent
or very limited, people use their own
vehicles, walk or ride an animal.

Comparision between lifestyle

of rural and urban

COMPARISION OF LIFESTYLE OF RURAL ,URBAN,AND

SUBURBAN

On comparision rural lifestyle seems to be slow ,less

employed,least polluted to urban and sub urban.

ENERGY EXPENDITURE AND CONSUMPTION IN RURAL

AREAS.
OCCUPATION BASED ACTIVITIES
(IN GENERAL)

PERSONAL

BUILDING SECTOR ACTIVITIES IN RURAL AREAS

Narrow roads with

open drainage

Small scale industry

Bus stand
Post boxes
Houses

Markets

DOES RURAL LIFESTYLE ENCOURAGE A CERTAIN MODE OF ENERGY

CONSUMPTION AND EXPENDITURE IN TERMES OF BUILDING SECTOR
ACTIVITIES????

YES
- The objective of this is to
strengthen the basic infrastructure
in villages.
- Concretization of the village streets
with a view to provide durability of
streets and better drainage system.
- Sanitation and cleanliness needs to
be institutionalized
-supply, sewerage system,
stormwater drainage etc
- Installation of solar street lighting
as a measure to conserverenewable
energy resources.

OBJECTIVES

RURAL DEVELOPMENT
The abundant resources of the villages
should be harnessed in an optimistic
manner to enhance and support the
development of the nation.
Not only the area of agriculture but also
the industries should be conveyed to the
rural areas.
This will generate job opportunities
improving the economy of the country.
The construction of good infrastructure
will enhance the economy .
As the majority of our population and
land is comprised of villages, so we
should focus on rural development to
boost the overall development of the
nation

DEV. IN RURAL AREA CAN BRING

CASE STUDY : SUVALI (SURAT)

Suvali is a village near surat city since 300 years.It is in
dvoloping phase.some things relate to traditional history of
suvali like houses,streets,etc.
Population of suvali is 2000 people.

SUVALI GAM

OCCUPATION
Agriculture
Poultry Farming
Vegetable & Milk vendors(They go to
sell
vegetables at 4:30 in markets
in bhagal)
Pottery
Carpentry
jobs-5 people

It is observed that more women are engaged in agriculture

than men.
From year 1999 to 201o the ratio of men have decreased
from 52.96 to 42.28 and for women from 73.26 to 65.64

DEVELOPMENT.
Suvali before 10 years

Having traditional style houses,narrow streets,bus stops

Suvali after10 years

Construction of schools,proper transportation

systems,roads,library,recreational areas

CASE STUDY : INDIA (CHANDIGARH)

At present, the Union Territory of Chandigarh has 23 villages.
Manimajra on the
eastern edge of the city, which was a small village at the time of
preparing the original plan has developed as a Census town. The town
has been made an integral part of the
ChandigarhMaster Plan.
The villages
falling in UT
have
broadly
been
categorized
as
- Sectoral
Villages and
- Non
Sectoral
Villages.

3 villages of chandigarh Raipur,Behlana,Majra

OCCUPATION AND LIFE STYLE OF PEOPLE IN

CHANDIGARH
Deprived of their cultivable land and even barred from
keepinglivestock, the inhabitants of villages particularlywithin the
sectoral grid have switched to a wide diversity ofoccupations and
activities based on the opportunities offeredby Chandigarh.
These are not villages any longer buthave become urban
bastis/mohallas/colonies within the city with transformed socioeconomic fabrics reshaped through interaction with the city.
Although the cores of these villages still retain their organic physical
character, in the absence of effective development controls and lack of
enforcement of rules, they have transformed drastically from largely
residential to mixed land use in a haphazard manner. Most villages have
shops catering to the basic needs of the inhabitants and specific needs
of
the City.
Some are/ carrying
out small
scale manufacturing
industries.
Cheap
Dormitories
Single Room
Tenements
-Residential houses
have been converted into cheap dormitories/single room tenements
in some cases as many as 27 families have been accommodated
in a12 marla house with provision of only one kitchen/toilet per
floor.The rooms lack proper light and ventilation .

It is observed that labours and agriculture are more in ratio then

the other occupations.
The unemployment ratio is quiet high 13.37% in comparision to
other states.

BUILDING SECTOR ACTIVITIES

Tardy Garbage Disposal is another factor
adding to
unhygienic conditions.
There is acute shortage of any play grounds
and open spaces.

OVERVIEW OF PROBLEMS OF
VILLAGES

SOLUTIONS

- The objective of this is to strengthen

Illegal changes of land use
the basic infrastructure in villages.
Encroachments on public land
- Concretization of the village streets
Inadequate infrastructure
with a view to provide durability of
Open drains, poor garbage disposal streets and better drainage system.
and sanitation
- Sanitation and cleanliness needs to
Discharge of sewerage into choes
be institutionalized
Filling up of existing ponds/poor
supply, sewerage system, stormwater
maintenance of
drainage etc
surviving ponds
- Installation of solar street lighting as
High degree of traffic congestion,
a measure to conserve
Large scale non-conforming
renewable energy resources.
industrial activities ,
Lack of structural safety measures -Promoting rural tourism
in construction,
Disposal of cow dung into open
drains,
Flooding and poor availability of air,

CASE STUDY : THAILAND(KORAT)

OCCUPATION
DISTRIBUTION PATTERN

OCCUPATION

Art/Pottery

Pottery is important because it is their major job for

some people. I never realized that pottery can be this
important.

BELIEF
Most people in the
village will have a
Buddha image or a
image of a monk in
their house. Also, they
will wear a Buddha
necklace.

Thai people belief in spirit houses and they worship them because they belief
that the spirit house protects them for any other bad spirits trying to come in.
Lot of spirit houses in this village.

 Restaurant is the job for some people in

the village and they are selling it for a
very cheap price

People in the village also do

fishing.
They catch the fish to sell and
eat
Another job in the village is

TRANSPORTATION

There are all kinds of

transportation that people in
the village use including
motorcycles, cars, bikes etc.

People in the village

cooking their food
and washing their
clothes. Mostly the
women do it.

Every household
has a pet.

COMPARISION OF ISSUES :

SURAT
Occupation:majority
agriculture(40%)
Population:2000
Literacy
rate:14.3%
Development in last
10 yrs: 5%
Pace of lifestyle:
slow
Building sector
activities:minimal

CHANDIGARH
Occupation:majority
labours(35%)
Population:5000
Literacy
rate:13.27%
Development in last
10 years: 12%
Pace of
Lifestyle:slow
Building sector
activities:6%

THAILAND
Occupation:majority
small scale
industries(38%)
Population:3000
Literacy rate:5.6%
Development in last
1o yrs:14%
Pace of lifestyle:
fast then other two
areas.
Building sector
activities:9%

REFERENCES

AR.SANGEETA MOHANTY
MAAM
RURAL DEVELOPMENT(BOOK)
https://www.google.co.in/search?q=rural+livelihood+occupations
http://books.google.co.in/books
http://eprints.ru.ac.za/420/1/changing_energy.pdf
http://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/enepol/v38y2010i2p9971003.html
http://ije.informaticspublishing.com/index.php/ije/article/view/
31739
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443063
http://www.slideshare.net/dampy/rural-marketing
http://midwest2mideast.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/mphfactors-affecting-healthcare-accessibility.png