CT038-3-2

Object Oriented Development with

Java
Data Types, Operators and
Expressions

Topic & Structure of the lesson

CT038-3-2 OODJ

Introduction
Constants
Variables
Data Types
Operators
Expressions

Data types, Operators and Expressions

Learning outcomes
At the end of this lecture you should be
able to:
Identify data types, operators and
expressions.

CT038-3-2 OODJ

Data types, Operators and Expressions

Key terms you must be able to use

If you have mastered this topic, you
should be able to use the following terms
correctly in your assignments and exams:
Constants
Variables
Data types
Operator

CT038-3-2 OODJ

Data types, Operators and Expressions

Introduction
A programming language is designed to
process certain kind of data consisting of
numbers, characters and strings and to
provide useful output as information.
Every program instruction must conform
precisely to the syntax rules of the
language.

CT038-3-2 OODJ

Data types, Operators and Expressions

Constants
Constants in Java refer to fixed values that
do not change during the execution of a
program.
In Java constant are identified with the
keyword final.

CT038-3-2 OODJ

Data types, Operators and Expressions

Syntax - Constant
In a method:
final typeName variableName = expression;

In a class:
accessSpecifier static final typeName
variableName = expression;
Example:
final double NICKEL_VALUE = 0.05;
public static final double
LITRES_PER_GALLON = 3.785;
CT038-3-2 OODJ

Data types, Operators and Expressions

Variables
A variable may take different values at
different times during the execution of the
program

CT038-3-2 OODJ

Data types, Operators and Expressions

Syntax - Variable
typeName variable Name = value;
Or
typeName variable Name;
Example
String greeting = Hello Java;

CT038-3-2 OODJ

Data types, Operators and Expressions

Data Types
Every variable in Java has a data type.
Data types specify the size and type of
values that can be stored.

CT038-3-2 OODJ

Data types, Operators and Expressions

Data Types in Java

Non Primitive

Primitive

Numeric

Integer

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Classes

Non-numeric

Floating point

Character

Boolean

Data types, Operators and Expressions

Arrays

Interface

Integer Type
Integer types can hold whole numbers.
Java supports signed values, meaning
they can be both positive and negative.

CT038-3-2 OODJ

Data types, Operators and Expressions

Size and Range of Integer Types

Type

Size

byte

One byte -128

short Two
bytes
int
Four
bytes
long Eight
bytes
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Min value

Max value
127

-32 786

32 767

-2 147 483 648

2 147 483 647

- 9 223 372 036 9 223 372 036

854 775 808
854 775 807
Data types, Operators and Expressions

 Wider data types require more time for

manipulation.
So it is advisable to use smaller data
types, wherever possible.

CT038-3-2 OODJ

Data types, Operators and Expressions

Floating Point Type

Integer can only hold whole numbers.
So we use floating point type to hold
numbers containing fractional parts.
Example : 25.79 and -1.37
Floating Point

Double

Float

CT038-3-2 OODJ

Data types, Operators and Expressions

Size and Range of Floating Point

Types
Type

Size

Min Value

Max Value

float

4 bytes

3.4e-0.38

3.4e+038

double

8 bytes

1.7e-0.38

1.7e+038

CT038-3-2 OODJ

Data types, Operators and Expressions

Character Type
The character type, representing code
units in the Unicode encoding scheme.
The char type assumes a size of 2 bytes.
It can hold only a single character.
Example
char c = X ;

CT038-3-2 OODJ

Data types, Operators and Expressions

Boolean Type
Boolean type is used when we want to test
a particular condition during the execution
of the program.
There are only two values that a boolean
type can take: true or false
Both these words are Java keywords.
boolean type uses one bit of storage.

CT038-3-2 OODJ

Data types, Operators and Expressions

Operators
An operator is a symbol that tells the
program to perform certain mathematical
or logical manipulations.

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Data types, Operators and Expressions

Java operators are classified into:

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Arithmetic operators
Relational operators
Logical operators
Bitwise operators
Conditional operators
Increment and decrement operators.

Data types, Operators and Expressions

Expressions
Expressions are evaluated using an
assignment statement in the form
variable = expression;
When the statement is encountered, the
expression is evaluated first and the result
then replaces the previous value of the
variable on the left side.

CT038-3-2 OODJ

Data types, Operators and Expressions

 Example :
x = a*b-c
The variables a,b and c must be declared
before they are used in the program.

CT038-3-2 OODJ

Data types, Operators and Expressions

Type Conversions in Expressions

Java permits mixing of constants and
variables of different types in an
expression.
The final result of an expression is
converted to the type of the variable on
the left of the assignment.

CT038-3-2 OODJ

Data types, Operators and Expressions

Casting a Value
Example
Consider the calculation of ratio of girls to
boys in this class.
ratio = girls_number / boys_number

girls_number and boys_number are

declared as integer in the program.
But there is possibility of the ratio to be a
floating number.

CT038-3-2 OODJ

Data types, Operators and Expressions

 This problem can be solved by converting

locally the variables to the floating point as
shown below.
ratio = (float)girls_number / boys_number

The operator (float) converts girls_number to

floating point.

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Data types, Operators and Expressions

Use of Casts
Examples

Action

x = (int)7.5

7.5 is converted to integer

a = (int) 21.3 / (int)4.5

Evaluated as 21 / 4

b = (double) sum/n

Division done in floating point

mode

y = (int)(a+b)

The result of (a+b) is

converted to integer.
a is converted to integer then
added to b

z = (int)a + b

CT038-3-2 OODJ

Data types, Operators and Expressions

Summary
Java has eight primitive types, including
four integer types and two floating point
types.
A final variable is a constant. Once the
value is set, it cannot be changed.
You can use cast type to convert a value
to different type.

CT038-3-2 OODJ

Data types, Operators and Expressions