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Example 1:
Example:
Find the charge of 2.5 x 1019electrons.
(Charge of 1 electron is -1.6 x 10 -19C)
Answer:
Number of electrons, n = 2.5 x 10 19
Charge of 1 electron, e = -1.6 x 10 -19C
Q=ne
Q=(2.51019)(1.61019)
Q=4C
Electric field
A Candle Flame in an
Electric Field
Current
Example 2:
Example
2:
I=
I=
I = 0.25 A
Example 3
Current of 0.5A flowed through a bulb. How many electrons had flowed
through the bulb in 5 minute? (The charge of 1 electron is equal to -1.610 -19C)
Answer:
Current, I = 0.5A
Time taken, t = 5 minutes = 300s
I=
Q = It
Q = (0.5)(300) = 150 C
Charge of 1 electron, e = -1.610-19 C
Number of electrons, n = ?
Q = ne
n=
n = 9.375 x 1020
Arrangement of Ammeter
To use the ammeter in the measurement of an
electric current, the ammeter must be connected
in series to the circuit.
Arrangement of Voltmeter
To use the voltmeter in the measurement of
potential difference across an object, the
voltmeter must be connected in parallel to the
circuit.
Resistance
1.The
resistance R of a material is defined as the
ratio V : I, where V is the potential difference
across the material and I is the current flowing
in it. Resistance(R)=
2.The SI unit of resistance is the ohm ()
R T = R1 + R2 + R3
-1
RT=
+ +
Current in a Circuit
a) Series circuit
I A = IB = I C
Current in a Circuit
a) Parallel circuit
I = I1 + I2
Potential difference in a
Circuit
a) Series circuit
V = V1 + V2
Potential Difference in a
Circuit
a) Parallel circuit
V = V1 = V2
Parallel
Current
I = I 1 + I2
Potential
difference
resistance
V = V1 = V2
V = V1 + V2
RT = R1 + R2 + R3
V = V1 = V2
RT
+ +
Circuit diagram
Circuit diagram
difference
= across
external
resistance.
difference
+ across
internal
resistance.
E= V + Ir or E=IR + Ir
Define :
a) e.m.f is defined as the ENERGY
GIVEN by the source in driving A
COULOMB of charge through the
complete circuit.
b) Caused that : i. loss of heat energy
ii. Potential
difference across the terminals of the
cell to be less than emf.
c) Internal resistance, r = is the
resistance due to the resistance of the
Ans :3.0 V
Joule
(J)
V (It)
(IR) (It)
E
= I2Rt
E=
Electrical
power, P
Watt (W)
P
= I 2R
P=
=
=
20 sen
25 sen
= 30 sen