Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PREVENTION
SAFETY THOUGHT
Preventable
accidents, if not
prevented due to
our negligence, is
nothing short of
a murder .
Dr.S. Radhakrishnan
THE SIMPLEST
MEANING IS THE
PREVENTION OF
ACCIDENTS &
THE LOSSES
THEREAFTER.
What is safety
No
injuries
No accidents
No place for unplanned activity
All activities well defined
Every one knows his job well
Operating excellence
Every one takes pride in doing his job
well.
Safety:
Freedom from
Unacceptable risk of Harm is
safety
Safety:
Hazard:
Risk:
FUNDAMENTALS OF SAFETY
Positive framework
responsibilities.
of
mind
for
safety
Safety Excellence
It
ACCIDENT
Unplanned
ACCIDENTS
STATISTICS
ACCIDENTS
STATISTICS
Causes of injuries
Unsafe
acts involving
Body position..30%
Tools and equipment...28%
Actions of another...14%
Not using Protective Equipment..12%
Procedures and Housekeeping.12%
Total
Examples
Behavior
Risk
Risk
Safety
This
Risk Perception
Serious
accident/incid
ent
Rules and
safeguards devised
here may be
violated, when risk
perceptions decay
with passage of
time
Time
COMMON ORGANIZATIONAL
PROBLEMS WHICH IMPEDE SAFETY
Management
hired.
Tolerance
Priority
Enforcement
Responsibility/Accountability
is not defined
Every
It
To
This
Organized,
Work
PPE
Cause of Accident
Unsafe
Conditions
Unsafe
Actions
Personal
Causes
Proximate
Causes
Green Triangle
For Safety
HEINRICH THEORY
Analysis
of 75000
accidents
98%
were
preventable
10 % were due to
unsafe
physical
and
mechanical
conditions
88% were due to
unsafe acts
HEINRICH ANALYSIS
OF ACCIDENTS
1
ACCIDENT
29
NEAR ACCIDENT
300
INCEDENTS
HEINRICH ACCIDENT
PREVENTION
Ancestry &
Social
environment
Fault of
persons
Unsafe act
(or) unsafe
condition
Accident
Injury
UNSAFE CONDITIONS
Unsafe storage of materials
Defective Machines & Tools
Unsafe floors & passage
Unsafe Electrical wiring & fittings
Unsafe Lifting & Transport Machines
Unsafe Pressure Vessels
Working on Heights
Improper Personal Protective
Equipments
Unsafe House Keeping
Unsafe Waste disposal
UNSAFE ACTIONS
UNSAFE ACTIONS
PERSONAL FACTORS
WHY TO PREVENT
ACCIDENTS?
Legal
responsibility
Moral responsibility
Loss of production
Avoid bad publicity
Economic losses
2002 Eqms
COST OF ACCIDENT
The
monetary
losses
associated
with
an
accident
or
incident.
Direct cost
Indirect costs.
Cost of Accidents:
The Iceberg Effect
On average, the indirect
costs of accidents
exceed the direct
costs by a 4:1 ratio
DIRECT COST
Medical
cost
Compensation
cost
INDIRECT COST
Building
Damage
Tool and equipment damage
Product and material damage
Production delays and interruptions
Legal expenses
Expenditure on Emergency supplies
Interim equipment rental
INDIRECT COST
Investigation
time
Wages paid for lost time
Cost of hiring and/or training
replacements
Overtime
Extra supervisory time
Decreased output of injured worker
Loss of business and goodwill
INDIRECT COST
SUFFERINGS
Medical Expense
Loss of production
Physical Suffering
Compensation
Damage to Machines
Mental Suffering
Unproductive wage
Loss of Materials
Family Suffering
-------------
Legal Expense
--------------
-------------
Loss of Morale
--------------
-------------
Loss of Reputation
--------------
20 %
80 %
Cannot be
Compensated
ARM SLEEVE
GLOVES
SAFETY SHOES
GOGGLES
APRON
CANISTER MASK
EAR PLUG
DUST MASK
HELMET
NITRILE GLOVES
DUST MASK
FACE SHIELD
ACCIDENT PREVENTION
PREREQUISITES
ACCIDENT PREVENTION
BENEFITS
ACCIDENT PREVENTION
THREE
BASIC STEPS
Hazard identification
Elimination of unsafe act
Elimination of unsafe condition
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Checklist
Employee
observation
Safety audit
UNSAFE ACT
The
actions of a person in a
manner which vary from the
accepted
or
legislated
safe
practice and create a hazard to
either
themselves,
another
person, or equipment.
UNSAFE ACT
UNSAFE ACT
UNSAFE ACT
UNSAFE ACT
UNSAFE ACT
UNSAFE ACT
UNSAFE ACT
UNSAFE CONDITION
A
UNSAFE CONDITION
UNSAFE CONDITION
adjustments
Education and Training
Supervision
Discipline
ELIMINATE UNSAFE
CONDITION
Design
Guarding
/ Fencing
Control measures or isolation
Maintaining
safe
working
condition of
plant /
tool /
machine / work environment
SAFETY
PHILOSOPHY
All
injuries
are
preventable.
SAFETY
PHILOSOPHY
Management
has
the
responsibility
for
preventing
personal
injuries.
SAFETY
PHILOSOPHY
It
is
to
possible
safeguard
all operating
exposures
that
may
result
in
injuries.
SAFETY
PHILOSOPHY
It
necessary
train all
work safely.
is
to
to
SAFETY
PHILOSOPHY
It
is
good
business
to
prevent
personal
injuries on the
job and off the
job.
SAFETY
PHILOSOPHY
Safety
is a
condition of
employment.
Accident
Investigation
WHAT IS AN ACCIDENT?
What is an accident?
o
o
What Is An Accident?
Accidents
Accident
o
Accidents
Usual causes
o
WHY INVESTIGATE?
Why investigate?
o
To PREVENT injuries
INVESTIGATIONS
Include non injury accidents incidents
o
o
Proactive
Preventative
Reactive
INJURY PYRAMID
Fatality
Serious
Recordable
Recordable
1st Aid Cases
Non-injury Accidents
Establish procedures
Develop forms
Train employees
First Report
The First Report of Injury
sent to Workers
Compensation Company is
NEITHER an accident report
NOR an investigation.
Incident Report
Write an incident report
o
As soon as possible
Employee said......
Injury Potential
Investigate based on POTENTIAL
FOR INJURY
The greater the potential, the more
thorough the investigation
The Investigation
Avoid a cold trail
The Investigation
Be methodical
Gather as much information as
possible
o
The Investigation
Beware of preconceived conclusions
Beware of jumping the gun
o
The Investigation
ASK QUESTIONS
When you get an answer, ask WHY
Then ask WHY again
And AGAIN
And who?, what?, and ...why?
Basic
Causes
Indirect
Causes
Direct
Causes
Unsafe Act
Unsafe Condition
Incident
The Investigation
Investigate the scene
o
o
o
o
Take measurements
Take pictures
Evaluate equipment
Be imaginative
The Investigation
Look for
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Guards off
Lack of PPE
Housekeeping issues
Poor work practices
Faulty equipment
Inadequate training
Poorly written procedures
Etc.
The 4 Ps
People
Position
Parts
Paper
Interviews
Interviews
Explain the purpose of the investigation
o
Accident prevention
Put at ease
Let speak freely
Take notes without distracting
Only use a tape recorder with the
persons knowledge and consent.
Interview as soon as possible
Analysis Techniques
Change analysis
Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
Event and Causal Factors Analysis
Multi linear Events Sequencing (MES)
Project Evaluation Tree (PET)
Combination
Report of Investigation
1. Background
information
2. Detailed account
of the incident
3. Resolution
4. Corrective
actions
RESOLUTION
Discuss ways of preventing future
incidents
Solicit ideas from employees & others
Be creative
Make recommendations
Corrective Actions
Corrective actions
o
Follow-Up
Involve supervisors & employees
Are solutions:
o
o
Used?
Effective?
Solicit feedback
Trend Analysis
Evaluate for incident, accident and
injury trends in order to focus efforts
Use 300 forms, incident & accident
reports, first aid logs, inspection
reports, etc.
Analyze by entity, facility, time, job, etc.
Do at least a 3 year comparison
Resource
Ask for help from your workers
compensation carrier