HANDS ON:

DISCRIMINANT
ANALYSIS
GROUPS 3 & 6

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Agenda
Data
SPSS steps
SPSS output

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Data
Dependent Variable: Smoke (whether the employee smoked or not)
Dependent variable categories: 1 Non-smoker & 2 Smoker
Independent variables
1. Age
2. Days absent sick from work last year
3. Self concept score
4. Anxiety score
Aim of the analysis is to determine whether the above mentioned independent variables
will discriminate between the employees who smoke and who do not

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SPSS steps
1. Analyze >> Classify >> Discriminant

2. Select smoke as the grouping

variable and enter it into the grouping
variable box and in the define range
box enter 1 for min and 2 for max
3. Include the independent variables in
the Independents box

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SPSS steps contd

4. Click on Statistics button and select
Means, Univariate Anovas, Boxs M,
Unstandardized
and
Within-Groups
correlation and click Continue

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5. Click on Classify button and select Withingroups covariance matric, Summary table,
Leave-one-out classification and all the
plots. Select Compute from group sizes for
prior probabilities and click Continue

SPSS steps contd

6. Click on Save button. Select Predicted group membership, Discriminant scores and
Probabilities of group membership and click Continue

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SPSS output

Case processing summary indicates sample size

& missing data

Strong statistical evidence of significant

differences between means of smoke and no
smoke groups for all IVs with self-concept and
anxiety producing very high value Fs
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Mean differences between self-concept scores &

anxiety scores may be good discriminators as the
difference in values are large

SPSS output contd

Log determinant values are within

range

F value of 13.272 ; p value close to 0

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Canonical correlation of 0.780 i.e., this

model explains 0.7802 = 60.84% of the
variance

Highly significant discriminant function with

p value close to zero

SPSS output contd

Non-smokers
have a mean of
1.044
and
smokers have a
mean of -1.483

Self-concept score is
the
strongest
predictor
followed
by anxiety score

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SPSS output contd

Cutoff Score
{0.587 * 1.044} + {0.413 * (1.483)} = 3.49 e-4

Classification/Confusion/Prediction Matrix

If discriminant score > 3.49e-4

then the record belongs to
group 2. Else, belongs to group
1

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92.2% of the cases correctly classified.

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SPSS output contd

Unstandardized
coefficients

Discriminant function
-1.998 + 0.028 * Age + 0.085 * Selfcon - 0.099 *
Anxiety - 0.006 * Absence

Records classified into groups 1/2 as per the

discriminant scores
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References
1. http://studysites.uk.sagepub.com/burns/website%20material/Chapter%2025%20-%
20Discriminant%20Analysis.pdf
2. Business Research Methods 8e, Zikmund, Babin, Carr, Adhikari, Griffin

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THANK YOU
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