ENS6143 POWER SYSTEMS 1

Introduction

Emergency Evacuation Procedure

If you hear an Emergency Warning System (whoop-whoop tone)

follow instructions from your Building Warden or Lecturer

evacuate by nearest safe EXIT and move to Assembly Area
Building Warden / Lecturer close all doors in area when clear
Lecturer to call Security on 3333
do not re-enter the building until all-clear has been given by Building Warden

Suspicious Packages & Behaviour

do not approach
do not use mobile phones
Lecturer to call Security on 3333 and await further instructions

Fire or other Emergency

remove anyone from danger

close all doors in area
evacuate by nearest safe EXIT and move to Assembly Area
in case of earthquake move under desks, tables, evacuate on instruction only
raise the alarm, use RED break glass alarm (if available)
Lecturer to call Security on 3333
do not re-enter the building until all-clear has been given by Building Warden
2

Safety & Security with ECU

Your Responsibility as a Student
If the lecturer does not arrive, inform school secretary as soon as possible.
ECU supports a NON-SMOKING environment.
Hazards should be reported to a staff member or by phoning 6304 5554.
Accidents and injuries need to be reported to a university staff member as
soon as possible.
Be aware of your safety and that of others -If you see suspicious or antisocial behaviour, observe or are involved in an incident, contact Security
immediately call 6304 3333 (JO) 9370 3333 (ML) or use security phones
located at various points on each campus.

Emergency & Support Information

Note the location and use of the Security radio phones on campus.
Note the location of all emergency signage, break glass alarms & EXITs.
Security Officers are trained in First Aid.
Note the location and availability of the campus Medical Suite.
24 hour Security Escort Service - call 6304 3333 (JO) 9370 3333 (ML) or use
security phone located at various points on campus.
If attending the campus out of hours we encourage you to travel in pairs.

Teaching Staff
Lecturer:

Dr Octavian Bass

E-mail:

o.bass@ecu.edu.au

Telephone:

6304 5582

Office:

5.216

Consultation:

Open door policy (booking an

appointment advisable)
Lab tutor:
E-mail:

Dr Hossein Nabavi
h.nabavi@ecu.edu.au
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Class Times
Seminar1
Laboratory2

Day

Time

Room

Thursday

08:30 10:30

JO 02.137

Monday

09:30 11:30
11:30 13:30
11:30 13:30
13:30 15:30
15:30 17:30

JO 23.326

Tuesday

Runs every week.

2
Runs in weeks to be advised, please follow the announcements on
Blackboard and check your University email account.
Attendance at all class times is expected (lab attendance is mandatory). You
are responsible for all information (both technical and administrative)
presented during class times. You should establish informal study groups,
which will give you access to information, if for any reason, you do miss a
class session. Students repeating this unit must attend all scheduled sessions
and submit all assessable material (except for laboratory sessions, if they
previously passed the laboratory component), as though they were taking the
unit for the first time. Self-study time will vary from student to student, but 5you
should expect to spend approximately 8 hours / week in addition to class time.
1

Resources
Textbook: Power System Analysis and Design by J.D. Glover, M.S. Sarma,
and T.J. Overbye, Fifth Edition, SI Edition, CENGAGE Learning 2012.
Australian Power Institute undergraduate curriculum modules (api.edu.au)

Resources (cont.)
Assumed knowledge:
It is assumed that you have a basic fundamental knowledge
corresponding to the first two years of the traditional Electrical &
Electronic Engineering program.
Blackboard site: http://blackboard.ecu.edu.au
The primary on-line mode of communication, therefore make sure you are
familiar with the unit site and you access it regularly for announcements,
along with your University email account, which must be the only address
used in communication with the teaching staff.
Blackboard site updated continuously with important information,
including teaching materials, announcements, assignments and various
resources.
The main unit content including lecture slides and recordings, tutorial
solutions, and lab handouts will be accessible from the Unit Schedule link.
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First Blackboard announcement asked you to study the Unit Plan under

Professional Competencies

Engineers Australia competencies developed in this unit:

PE1.1: Comprehensive, theory based understanding of the underpinning natural and physical sciences
and the engineering fundamentals applicable to the engineering discipline.
PE1.2: Conceptual understanding of the mathematics, numerical analysis, statistics, and computer and
information sciences which underpin the engineering discipline.
PE1.3: In depth understanding of specialist bodies of knowledge within the engineering discipline.
PE1.4: Discernment of knowledge development and research directions within the engineering discipline.
PE1.5: Knowledge of contextual factors impacting the engineering discipline.
PE1.6: Understanding of the scope, principles, norms, accountabilities and bounds of contemporary
engineering practice in the engineering discipline.
PE2.1: Application of established engineering methods to complex engineering problem solving.
PE2.2: Fluent application of engineering techniques, tools and resources.
PE3.2: Effective oral and written communication in professional and lay domains.
PE3.3: Creative, innovative and pro-active demeanour.
PE3.4: Professional use and management of information.
PE3.6: Effective team membership and team leadership.
Discipline competencies developed in this unit:
EPW.1: Has a detailed knowledge of electromechanical systems.
EPW.2: Has a detailed knowledge of electronic power conversion and conditioning systems.
EPW.3: Has a broad knowledge of instrumentation and measurements in power systems.
EPW.6: Has an in-depth knowledge of power generation methods.
EPW.7: Has detailed knowledge of power transmission.
EPW.8: Has a detailed knowledge of power distribution.
EPW.9: Has an in-depth understanding of principles of sustainability and alternative power sources. 8

Assessment
Component
Mid-semester test
Laboratory work
Pop quizzes
End-of-semester examination

Weighting
20%
18%
12%
50%

To be eligible to pass this unit, students must:

1) attend all laboratory/workshop sessions, complete all assigned tasks,
and obtain a pass mark for the laboratory component of the assessment
2) pass the end of semester examination
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Assessment (cont.)
Mid-semester test (Invigilated): 2-hour, in Week 7 lecture, on first 6 weeks.
Laboratory work (Invigilated)
3 hardware-based sessions using Lab-Volt electric power transmission
modules.
Require preparation, participation and individual reporting, all these
aspects being strictly monitored and contributing to the lab marks. Lab
handouts will be available via Blackboard. Preparation will be tested at
the beginning of each session via a short test. Students must pass this
test in order to be allowed to complete the lab exercises. The completed
handouts must be submitted to the tutor at the end of the session.
Note that lab assessment has been refined to address concerns raised by
students, regarding active participation and learning outcomes in the lab.
Pop quizzes (Invigilated): Students can test their knowledge and preparation
for seminars by taking a short test at the beginning of the tutorial activities,
based on the relevant undergraduate lecture content.
End-of-semester examination (Invigilated): 3-hour exam on all aspects. 10

Assessment (cont.)
Marking criteria: The criteria by which each piece of assessment will be
evaluated will be presented and discussed at the presentation of the
assignment or test.
Non-academic criteria cannot contribute to marking. The only way to pass
this unit is to study hard!
Two main skills you are supposed to develop:
Creative thinking,
Critical thinking.
Please have realistic expectations:
If your work shows only simple formula substitution and contains no
errors, you can expect a minimum passing grade.
To get more credit, your work should indicate high-level analysis and/or
critical and/or creative thinking.
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English Language Proficiency (ELP)

ECU has been implementing a set of procedures and supports to assist all
students to develop and demonstrate appropriate standards of English
language proficiency. As part of the process, ECU is seeking to ensure that
each student receives feedback on ELP on all written assessments showing
performance against ECU ELP standards. The ECU ELP Measure shows
your written ELP against the ECU standards. The ECU minimum standard
for written ELP which all students should demonstrate by graduation is
moderate proficiency (at least) in both areas of Sentence Structure and
Word Use. Undergraduate students in their second year are expected to be
able to demonstrate moderate proficiency in at least one of these areas. The
feedback you will receive will indicate your demonstrated level of written
ELP in any assessment. You will also receive information describing the
various supports and resources you can access should you need to further
develop your ELP.
Follow ECU announcements on ELP workshops and assignment drop-in
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schedule!

Calculator Policy
The following calculators are still the only calculators that are
permitted to be used in tests and examinations for all engineering
units:

Casio FX-100
Casio FX-570
Sharp EL520
Sharp EL506

All engineering students should purchase one of the above two

calculators, ensure that they are familiar with its operation, and bring
it to all tests or examinations for engineering units. Any students
found using non-compliant calculators after the commencement of a
test or examination, for any engineering unit, will be considered
cheating and will be dealt with as stipulated in the Academic
Misconduct policy with full consequences.

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Collaboration Policy:
Discussion Encouraged, Sharing Not Permitted!
We encourage you to discuss assignments in this unit with other
students and with the teaching staff to better understand the
concepts. However, when you submit an assessment under your
name, I assume that you are certifying that the details are
entirely your own work and that you played at least a substantial
role in the conception stage. You should not use results from
other students (from this year or from previous years) in
preparing your solutions. You should not take credit for computer
code or graphics that were generated by other students.
Students should never share their solutions with other students.
Any student caught plagiarizing will be reported to the Head of
School.

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Academic Misconduct
Edith Cowan University regards academic misconduct of any form as
unacceptable! Any detected case of any academic misconduct will be
treated very seriously. In accordance with the University Rules these
cases will be reported to the Head of School.
See: http://www.ecu.edu.au/GPPS/governance_services/uni_rules.html
Academic Misconduct means any conduct by a student in relation to
academic work that is dishonest or unfair and includes, but is not limited to:
a) plagiarism;
b) unauthorised collaboration;
c) cheating in assessment; and/or
d) theft of another students work;
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Academic Misconduct (cont.)

cheating means dishonest conduct in any assessment;
plagiarism means to knowingly or unknowingly present as ones own
work the ideas or writings of another without appropriate
acknowledgment or referencing. This includes, but is not limited to:
a) paraphrasing or copying text without acknowledgment of the
source; and/or
b) copying, whether identically or in essence, the text of another
students assignment or other students assignments; and/or
c) copying, whether identically or in essence, of visual
representations (for example cartoons, line drawings, photos,
paintings and computer programs).
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Why Power Engineering?

Big growth and great opportunities!
More than AUD11 billion committed over next 5 years for improved
electrical infrastructure (power consumption has risen 770% in 40
years).
Wide range of technologies being implemented. For decades,
electrical power has been assiduously avoided by EE graduates
because it was viewed as unexciting and low-tech. But with the
advent of the smart grid, there is suddenly an as yet unmet demand
for people capable of applying digital communications and computing
expertise to electricity transmission and distribution.
Power engineering is the second highest paid stream of engineering
(AUD60k p.a. average starting salary).
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Current Challenges in Power Engineering

Electricity is at the heart of modern society;

Continuing demand for engineering;
Ageing energy system architecture;
Technological advancements;
Transitioning to low carbon economy;
Ageing power engineering workforce.
Read more http://www.powerengineering.org.au

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What Is A Power Engineer?

Question: When planning, designing, constructing, operating and
maintaining power systems, what are some of the most important
considerations for power engineers?
They must consider the system elements that are interconnected in the
power system and how they are interconnected.
They must consider the way in which power flows through the system and
how this impacts on the desired operating levels of the system, including
voltage levels, and supply frequency.
They must consider the impact of system faults on the flows of current in the
system and the potential damage of these fault currents.
They must consider ways to protect the system from the impacts of faults.
They must consider the overall stability of the system and its ability to
remain in a desirable state following a system disturbance.
They must consider the voltage quality of the system.
They must consider the control of the system so that the power flows are
economically and optimally dispatched.
They must consider the impact of market constraints and requirements on
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the operation of the power system.

What Is This Unit About?

In this Power Systems 1 unit you will be introduced to many of the basic
concepts and fundamental elements and components of a power system.
This is a fairly broad picture introduction to the area of power engineering.
Other units like Electrical Machines and Transformers focus on the narrow
picture view of a power system by only looking at components in a stand
alone capacity without looking at the wider issues that arise from the fact
that they are not stand alone components but in fact interconnected with
many other components in the system.
In a final unit, Power Systems 2, you will look in particular detail at the
planning, operation, analysis and design of these interconnected power
systems. The big picture view taken in that unit will allow you to look at the
wider system as a whole, considering all of the elements interconnected
within it and the ways in which they interact.

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What is a Power System?

Power systems provide the means by which we produce,
transmit and receive the electrical power the heartbeat of
modern society.
A power system is by definition a complex interconnected
network of power components.
In fact the electricity industry is probably the largest and
most complex industry in the world!
This complexity leads to some interesting problems and
equally interesting solutions...
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The Basic Structure of a Power System

Question: If a power system is so complex, what are the main processes that
we can separate it into so that we can begin to understand how it works?
Every power system has three major parts:
1. Generation: the production of electricity, ideally with a specified voltage
and frequency
2. Transmission & distribution: the lines that transport the electricity from
the generation centers to the loads, ideally as perfect conductors
3. Load: consumes power, ideally with a constant resistive value
Complications:
No ideal voltage sources exist

Transmission system has resistance, inductance, capacitance and flow

limitations

Loads are seldom constant

Simple system has no redundancy so power system will not work if any
component fails
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Power System Components

The tradition has been that generation plants are located away from heavily
populated areas when possible and closer to the available fuel resources.
The reason being that land around such areas is less expensive and cost of
transporting the fuel is not a consideration.
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Electrical Power System

24

Voltage Levels
The major losses associated with the transmission of electricity
are proportional to the current squared, thus when doubling the
current the losses are quadrupled.
Power is the product of current and voltage, so when the voltage
is increased the current is decreased and losses are decreased
for a given amount of power transfer.
Maximum voltages associated with rotary machines (generators)
have practical limits mainly due to insulation and cooling
technology. For generators, these are about 24kV and for motors
about 12kV.
Voltage limits for transmission systems are set by circuit breakers
rather than transformers and insulators.
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Examples of Practical Voltage Levels

Generators
11 kV to 24 kV
Extra-high voltage transmission
345 kV, 500 kV and 765 kV for AC
500 kV (250 kV), 800 kV ( 400
kV), 1000 kV ( 500kV)
Transmission
138 kV and 230 kV
Sub-transmission
34 kV and 69 kV
Distribution
12 kV and 34 kV

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Power System Frequency

Many different frequencies were tried initially.
The frequency is set at 50Hz in Europe, Australia, Asia, parts of
Japan, Africa.
The frequency is set at 60Hz in North America, South America and
parts of Africa, Japan, and Saudi Arabia.
The lower practical limit on frequency was set by the flicker of the
incandescent lamps.

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Notation Power & Energy

Power: Instantaneous consumption of energy
Power Units
Watts

voltage x current for DC (W)

kW

1 x 103 Watt

MW
GW

=
=

1 x 106 Watt

1 x 109 Watt

Energy: Integration of power over time; energy is what people really

want from a power system
Energy Units
Joule

1 Watt-second (J)

kWh

Kilowatt-hour (3.6 x 106 J)

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Syllabus
The semester schedule below provides a tentative guideline on the topics covered each
week. This information may be updated and amended during the semester. To ensure
you have the correct schedule, please check the announcements on Blackboard and on
your University email account.
Week
1
2
3
4
5

Dates
30 July
6 Aug.
13 Aug.
20 Aug.
24 Aug.

Topic/s
Electric Power Industry & Fundamentals
Electric Power Fundamentals Tutorial
Electric Power Generation Fundamentals
Electric Power Generation Fundamentals
Tutorial
Power Transformers

Reading
Textbook Chapters 1, 2
Textbook Chapter 2
Lecture Notes
Lecture Notes

Lab exercises

Textbook Chapter 3

Lab 1

Power Transformers Tutorial

Mid-semester test
Transmission Lines

Textbook Chapter 3
Weeks 1 6
Textbook Chapters 4, 5, 13

Lab 2

Transmission Lines Tutorial

teaching
Power Distribution

Textbook Chapters 4, 5, 13
(mid- semester break)
Textbook Chapter 14
Lab 3

Power Distribution Tutorial

Power Quality
Power Quality Tutorial

Textbook Chapter 14
Lecture Notes
Lecture Notes

25 Aug.
27 Aug.
6
7
8

3 Sept.
10 Sept.
14 Sept.
15 Sept.
17 Sept.

9
Break
10

24 Sept.
No
5 Oct.
6 Oct.
8 Oct.

11
12
13

15 Oct.
22 Oct.
29 Oct.

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What Can You Expect From This Unit?

On completion of this unit you should be able to:
analyse and design electric power circuits including load and
power calculations;
demonstrate knowledge of electricity supply chain fundamentals,
major plant and equipment, complex power, and three-phase
circuit operation;
analyse and conceptually design a power generation,
transmission and distribution system;
demonstrate knowledge of power quality, system performance and
operation of a power system.
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Always Happy To Help If I Can!

Take some initiative: help me help you!
Examples of what I can try to help you with:
I was unwell and missed the tutorial last week, can you please explain this point
again?
You did not clarify the last point too well, can you please explain it again?
Examples of what I cannot help you with:
I do not like attending tutorials, can you explain these topics to me again?
I do not feel like doing this assignment. Can I do another one instead?
The Enrolment Approved unit content is not what I think we should be getting!
or Could you reduce the amount of the equations covered? or Can you reduce
the amount of lecture slides?
I cannot be expected to have 100% understanding of the pre-requisite since
students need only 50% to pass, can you deliver this topic again? or Do not
assume that we will be able to do calculations no matter how obvious they seem
There are no copies of the book in the bookshop. Can you get me one?
I was not aware of the announcement because I cannot log in to Blackboard or
My University email is not working
Can you change the timetable? or We should have more tutorials
I failed the exam, can I get a supplementary? or I have financial/personal
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difficulties, can you revise my final result?