HEAT

Heat is a form of energy (can be

used to do work )

Heat cause objects to become hot

Heat energy is also called as
thermal energy.

State sources of heat

sun

Uses of Heat energy in our daily

life
To cook food and boil water for drinking.
To dry clothes and hair.
To drive steam generators that produce
electricity.

 To evaporate sea water to produce salt and to

dry tea leaves.
To warm our body during cold weather.
To sterilise instruments.

What is heat?
What is temperature?
What the differences between heat
and temperature?

HEAT is the amount of energy

that is put into a body to warm
it up.

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Temperature is used to describe

how hot something is.

It measures the degree of hotness

or coldness of the body.

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Differences between
HEAT & TEMPERATURE.

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HEAT

TEMPERATURE

- Form of energy.
Hotness of an
object.

- Measure of the
degree of hotness @
coldness

- Object absorbs
heat become
hotter, loses heat
become colder
- Unit ~ joule (J)

- Used thermometer
to measure
temperature
Unit ~ celsius (C) &
kelvins (K)
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Relationship between
temperature and heat
Temperature is used to measure
the amount of heat in the body
by using thermometer.

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Complete the sentences using the information given below.

1 Heat is a form of .
2 The the mass of a substance, the will be its heat
content.
3 Heat flows from a section to a section.
4 is a measurement of degree of hotness.
5 A hot substance has a temperature while a cold
substance has a
temperature.
6 The heat content of a substance depends on the and
of the
substance.

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16

7.2 THE EFFECT OF HEAT

FLOW ON MATTER

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Heat is the flow of energy from

warmer objects to cooler objects
(difference in temperature)

An object expends when heated

and contracts when cooled.

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Expands~ When an object heated,

the particles move faster and
further apart. The volume of the
object increases when heated.

Contracts~ When an object loses

heat energy, its cooled down, the
particles move slowly and come
close together. The volume of the
object decreases & cools down.
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The effect of heat on solids

Activity 1

What happened to the metal ball

i) Before heating :
ii) After heating :
iii) After cooling :

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2. What happened to the size (volume) of the

metal ball when it was heated?
it increased
3. What happened to the size (volume) of the
metal ball when it was cooled?
it decreased
Conclusion:
i) the metal ballexpands
________andincreases
________ its size
when heated.
ii)the metal ballcontracts
________ anddecreases
_______ its size
when cooled
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Arrangement of particle in solids

cold

hot

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Arrangement of particle in solids

cold

hot

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The effect of heat on liquids

Activity 2
What happened to the reading of thermometer
when thermometer was :
i) held in between palms?
the reading of thermometer up/rise
ii)placed between the ice cubes?
the reading of thermometer fell

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2. What happened to the mercury in the

thermometer when it was heated by body
heat?
it expanded
3. What happened to the mercury in the
thermometer when it was cooled?
it contract
Conclusion:expands
contracts
A liquid _________ when heated and ________
when cooled.

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Arrangement of particle in liquids

cold

hot

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Arrangement of particle in liquids.

cold

hot

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The effect of heat on gases

Activity 3
1. What happened to the dented ping-pong ball
when :
i) in the cold water :
contracts
ii)in the hot water :
expands
Conclusion
:
expands
contracts
gas _________ when heated and _______ when
cooled
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Arrangement of particle in gases.

cold

hot

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Arrangement of particle in gases.

cold
hot

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31

HEAT FLOW
Heat can travel by three ways :

conducti
on

radiation
convectio
n
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conduction
Conduction is the flow of heat through solids.
In this process particles in the medium do not
flow, only vibrate within a fixed area.

Heat is transferred from the hotter end of the

object to the cooler end.

Metals are very good conductor of heat

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convection
Convection is the transfer of heat from one
part of a fluid (substances which can flow) to
another by the circulating movement of that
heated fluid.
Liquid and gases are fluid.
The circulating movement is called a
convection.

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radiation
Radiation is a process of heat transfer that
does not require a medium.
Radiation can take place in a vacuum.
Properties of radiant heat:
-Travels as electromagnetic waves
-Travels at the speed of light
-Travels in a straight line
-Travels through a vacuum
-Can be absorbed or reflected

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There are no particles between

the Sun and the Earth so it
CANNOT travel by conduction or
by convection.

RADIATION

WHY??
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COMPARING CONDUCTION, CONVECTION AND

RADIATION

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