Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

djj3213 MATERIAL science

www.pis.edu.my

One
Week 1

Material Science
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Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science

www.pis.edu.my
Explain the
fundamental of
material science
including identification
of various types of
material, mechanical
behaviour, metal
production processes
and various principle of
material
testing

Course Learning Outcomes

0
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Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science

www.pis.edu.my

Introduction to material science

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Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science

www.pis.edu.my

Introduction of material science

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Definition of material science.

Material science is the investigation of relationship among processing, structure,
properties, and performance of materials.
Properties
Properties are the way the material responds to the environment and external forces
Classification of Material
Metal, Polymers, Ceramics, Composites and Advanced Material

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Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science

www.pis.edu.my

What are Materials?

Thats easy! Look around.
Our clothes are made of materials, our
homes are made of materials - mostly
manufactured. Glass windows, vinyl siding,
metal silverware, ceramic dishes
Most things are made from many different
kinds of materials.

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Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science

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What are Materials Science?

Example - the dramatic role of iron
throughout the ages is not really the result of
it being "strong". In reality, iron has been
important because we can change its
properties by heating and cooling it.
The ability to change the properties and/or
behavior of a material is what makes most
materials useful and this is at the heart of
materials science!

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Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science

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Kinds of Materials
Metals: valence electrons are detached
from atoms, and spread in an 'electron sea'
that "glues" the ions together. Strong,
ductile, conduct electricity and heat well, are
shiny if polished.
Ceramics: are generally compounds
between metallic and nonmetallic elements.
Typically they are insulating and resistant to
high temperatures, hard brittle, insulators.
Example: glass, porcelain.
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Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science

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Kinds of Materials
Plastics: (or polymers) are generally
organic compounds based upon carbon and
hydrogen. They are very large molecular
structures. Usually they are low density and
are not stable at high temperatures.
Examples: plastics, rubber.
Semiconductors: the bonding is covalent
(electrons are shared between atoms). Their
electrical properties depend strongly on
minute proportions of contaminants.
Examples: Si, Ge,
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Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science

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Advanced Material

Nanotechnology: a relatively new area

grown out of techniques used to
manufacture semiconductor circuits.
Machines can be produced on a microscopic
level. Example - miniature robots to do
surgery inside the body or miniature
chemical laboratories and instruments that
will continuously analyze blood and
dispense medications inside the body

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Smart Material

Smart materials are materials that have one

or more properties that can be significantly
changed by external factors , such as stress,
temperature,moisture, pH, electric or
magnetic fields

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Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science

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There are a number of types of smart

material, some of which are already
common. Some examples are as following:
1. Piezoelectric Materials
2. Electro-rheostatic and Magnetorheostatic
3. Shape Memory Alloys

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Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science

www.pis.edu.my

Piezoelectric Materials
Piezoelectric materials are most widely
used as sensors in different
environments. They are often used to
measure fluid compositions, fluid
density, fluid viscosity, or the force of
an impact. An example of a
piezoelectric material in everyday life
is the airbag sensor in your car. The
material senses the force of an impact
on the car and sends and electric
charge deploying the airbag.
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Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science

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Piezoelectric Materials

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Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

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Electro-rheostatic and Magnetorheostatic

Electro-rheostatic (ER) and magnetorheostatic (MR) materials are fluids,
which can experience a dramatic
change in their viscosity. These fluids
can change from a thick fluid (similar
to motor oil) to nearly a solid
substance within the span of a
millisecond when exposed to a
magnetic or electric field; the effect
can be completely reversed just as
quickly when the field is removed.
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Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

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MR fluids experience a viscosity

change when exposed to a magnetic
field, while ER fluids experience similar
changes in an electric field. The
composition of each type of smart fluid
varies widely. The most common form
of MR fluid consists of tiny iron
particles suspended in oil, while ER
fluids can be as simple as milk
chocolate or cornstarch and oil.

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Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science

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The MR fluid is liquid as shown on the left, when no magnetic field

is present, but turns solid immediately after being placed in a
magnetic field on the right. The MR fluid is liquid as shown on the
left, when no magnetic field is present, but turns solid immediately
after being placed in a magnetic field on the right.

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Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science

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Shape Memory Alloys

Ashape-memory alloy(SMA,smart
metal,memory metal,memory
alloy,muscle wire,smart alloy) is
analloythat "remembers" its original,
cold-forgedshape: returning the predeformed shape by heating. This
material is a lightweight, solid-state
alternative to conventional actuators
such as hydraulic, pneumatic, and
motor-based systems. Shape-memory
alloys have applications in industries
including medical and aerospace.
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Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science

www.pis.edu.my

Shape Memory Alloy

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Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

Djj3213 material science

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Applications:
Aircraft
Boeing,
General Electric Aircraft Engines,
Goodrich Corporation,NASA, and
All Nippon Airwaysdeveloped the
Variable Geometry Chevron using
shape-memory alloy that reduces
aircraft's engine noise
Piping
The first consumer commercial
application for the material was as a
shape-memory couplingfor piping, e.g.
oil line pipes for industrial applications,
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Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Material)

JB 607 Non destructive testing

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Chapter 2
Type the keyword

Material Structure &

Bonding

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