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PRESENTOR:
NURDEZA N PUNTUKAN
JAY G. CAYA
BSMT-4A
reference
The Diagnosis of Malaria by_Norman Moore,
OBJECTIVES
To be able to know what is:
Malaria
2. Diagnostic test in determining malaria.
3. Treatment
4. Prevention
1.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Malaria
Vector
Classification of malaria
Signs and symptoms
Diagnosis
Malaria
Is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of human
Vector
The disease transmitted most commonly by an
Classification of Malaria
Most deaths are caused by P.falciparum because
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of malaria may in fact into two ways :
Direct diagnosis: direct demonstration of the
parasite whole cell or of parasites nucleic acid or
products in the blood
Indirect Diagnosis: the demonstration of the
patients immune response to the infection
(immunodiagnosis).
- Fixation
Its may be achieved by heat and alcoholic solutions
for 10-20 seconds . Methanol (methyl alcohol) is the
most widely used fixative for malaria thin films.
- staining
1- Giemsa staining procedure
Is the most commonly used method for both thin and
thick films all over the world for the quality of the stain and,
of greater importance, because its stability in tropical
climates.
Blood smear stained with Giemsa, showing a white blood cell (on left side) and several red blood
cells, two of which are infected with Plasmodium falciparum (on right sideBlood smear
stained with Giemsa, showing a white blood
2-
: Is
simple and suitable for field studies, but its sensitivity and
specificity are poor
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) :
is sometimes
used but needs well equipped research laboratories and
personnel.
3-
Treatment
Malaria is treated with antimalarial drugs and measures to control symptoms,
PREVENTION
One way to prevent malaria is to avoid mosquito bites with the
following strategies:
As much as possible, stay indoors in well-screened areas,
especially at night when mosquitoes are most active.
Use mosquito nets and bed nets. It's best to treat the nets with
the insect repellant permethrin.
Wear clothing that covers most of your body.
Use an insect repellent that contains DEET or picaridin. These
repellents are applied directly to your skin, except around your
mouth and eyes. If you choose a picaridin-based repellant, you
will need to reapply it every several hours.
Apply permethrin to clothing.
Evaluation
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