Know More - SDCCH

Nov 17, 2003

S. Rajshekhar Deshraj

Contents
Channel Concepts
Call Setup
Burst & Multi Frames
Mapping of Logical Channels
Definitions of SDCCH
Usage of SDCCH in the GSM network (BSC)
Possible SDCCH Configuration
SDCCH Holding Time
Nov 17, 2003

S. Rajshekhar Deshraj

Contents
SDCCH Traffic Estimations
SDCCH Congestion
Reasons for SDCCH congestion
How to detect SDCCH congestions
Preventive actions to avoid SDCCH congestions
SDCCH Dimensioning
Parameters for SDCCH Dimensioning
Counters & Report Analysis
Nov 17, 2003

S. Rajshekhar Deshraj

Logical Channels

Nov 17, 2003

S. Rajshekhar Deshraj

Broadcast Channels (BCH)

Frequency Correction Channel (FCCH)
Downlink Channel
BTS: Transmits a carrier frequency (Pure sine wave of 67.7 KHz)
This Solve 2 purpose :
a> Make sure that this is BCCH Carrier
b> To allow the MS to synchronize to the frequency
MS: After Switch on MS Scan for this channel, since it has no
information to which frequency to use. FCCH carrier enables a mobile to
tune its frequency to that being broadcast by the BTS.

Nov 17, 2003

Broadcast Channels (BCH)

Syncronization Channel (SCH)

Downlink Channels
BTS: Transmits TDMA Frame number + Base Station
Identity Code (BSIC= NCC + BCC )
MS: MS decodes the BSIC if the chosen BTS is GSM
Base station within a cell

Nov 17, 2003

Broadcast Channels (BCH)

Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)
Downlink Channels
BCCH contains the detailed Network and cell specific information
such as :
Frequency used by Cell and its Neighboring cells.
Frequency HSN
Paging Groups
LAI
Max output power allowed in the cell

Nov 17, 2003

Common Control Channels (CCCH)

Paging Channel (PCH)

Downlink Channels
BTS: Broadcast the paging message to indicate the Incoming
Calls or Incoming SMS. Paging message also includes
the MSs identity number IMSI/TMSI
MS: MS listens to the PCH. If it identifies its own mobile
subscriber identity number on the PCH, it will respond.

Nov 17, 2003

Common Control Channels (CCCH)

Random Access Channel (RACH)
RACH is transmitted Uplink only
When mobile is paged , it replies on RACH requesting a
signaling channel.
RACH can also used if the MS wants to make a contact the NW/
Originating calls

Nov 17, 2003

Common Control Channels (CCCH)

Access Grant Channel (AGCH)

Downlink channel
AGCH is answer to the RACH
NW assigns a signaling channel (SDCCH) to the MS. This
assignment is performed on the AGCH

Nov 17, 2003

Dedicated Control Channels (DCCH)

Stand Alone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH)
SDCCH is bi-directional Channel
System Signaling
Call Setup
Authentication
Location Update
Assignment of Traffic channels and
Transmission of Short messages
Nov 17, 2003

Dedicated Control Channels (DCCH)

Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH)
SACCH is transmitted in both Uplink and Downlink directions
SACCH is associated with each SDCCH and also with TCH
Uplink : MS Sends the averaged measurement on its own BTS and
neighboring BTSs
Downlink: MS receives information regarding information
concerning
Transmit power to use
Instructions on Timing Advance

Nov 17, 2003

Dedicated Control Channels (DCCH)

Fast Associated Control Channel (FACCH)
While Calls in progress and HO is required FACCH is used
FACCH works in Stealing mode meaning that one 20ms
segment of speech is exchanged for signaling information
necessary for the HO

Cell Broadcast Channel (CBCH)

CBCH is used in Downlink only
It is used to carry Short Message Service Cell Broadcast
(SMSCB) and uses the same physical channel as the SDCCH

Nov 17, 2003

Traffic Channels (TCH)

Traffic channels are Bi-directional logical channel that transfer the user
speech or data.
Full Rate TCH ( TCH/F) :
This channel carries information at a gross rate at 13Kbit/s *
* Now it is 22.8 Kbit/s with latest R9.1
Half Rate TCH (TCH/H) :
This Channel carried information at a gross rate at 6.5Kbit/s*
* Now it is 11.4 Kbit/s with latest R9.1
Enhance Full Rate :
The speech coding in EFR is still done at 13Kbit/s, but the
coding mechanism is different that is used for normal FR.
EFR gives better speech quality at the same bit rate than
normal FR.

Nov 17, 2003

Call to an MS

More..
Nov 17, 2003

S. Rajshekhar Deshraj

Relationship Between Burst & Frame

Burst

: Physical content of a TS is called Burst.There are 5 types of Bursts

each having 15/26 ms duration and 156.25 Bits.

Hyperframe: In GSM system every TDMA frame is assigned a fixed number,

which repeats itself in a time period of 3 HOURS 28 MINUTES 53
SECONDS 760 MILLISECONDS. This time period is referred to
as Hyperframe.
Superframe : =51x26 Multiframes. So, Duration =51x26x8x15/26=6Sec 120ms
Multiframe :There are two types of multiframe.

26 TDMA Frame Multiframe :Used to carry TCH, SACCH and

FACCH

Duration =26 x 8 x 15/26 =120ms

TDMA Frame Multiframe : Used to carry BCCH,CCCH,SDCCH
and SACCH.
Duration =51 x 8 x 15/26 =235.38ms
Nov 17, 2003

S. Rajshekhar Deshraj

TDMA frames with Common and Dedicated Channels

Nov 17, 2003

Bursts
Normal Bursts: This burst is used to carry information on

Traffic channel
SDCCH Channel
Broadcast Control Channel
Paging Channel
Access Grant Channel
SACCH & FACCH Channel
1 Time slot = 156.25 bits durations (15/26 = 0.577 ms )
TB Encrypted bits
3
57

Training Sequence
F
26

Encrypted bits TB
57
3

GP
8.25

F : One Stealing Bit:=0 Indicates 57bit packet contains user data or speech
:=1 Indicates burst stolen for FACCH Signalling
RxQual derived from the 26 bit midable from the TDMA frame

Nov 17, 2003

Bursts
Frequency Bursts:
All 148 bits(142+6) are coded with 0. The output of GMSK Modulator is a fixed
frequency signal exactly 67.7 Khz above the BCCH carrier frequency.
Thus the MS on receiving this fixed frequency signal fine tunes to the BCCH
frequency and waits for the Sync burst to arrive after 1 TDMA Frame .i.e
=15/26*8=4.615ms
1 Time slot = 156.25 bits durations (15/26 = 0.577 ms )
TB
3

Nov 17, 2003

ALL ZERO 142 BITS

TB
3

GP
8.25

Bursts
Synchronization Bursts:
This burst is used for time synchronization of the MS

1 Time slot = 156.25 bits durations (15/26 = 0.577 ms )

TB
3

SCH DATA
39 Bits

Extended Training Sequence

64 Bits

SCH DATA
39 Bits

TB
3

GP
8.25

39Bit x 2=78 Bits :Are decoded to arrive 25-SCH control bits and that contains
the information of the NCC ,BCC & TDMA FN
64 Bits : Long training seq. of 64 Bits are identical for all BTS

Nov 17, 2003

Bursts
Access Bursts:
This burst is used only for initial access by the MS to the BTS which applies 2 cases :
For connection setup when idle state where a CHAN_REQ message is sent using
access burst
For HO when MS send HND_ACC message.
1 Time slot = 156.25 bits durations (15/26 = 0.577 ms )
TB
8

SCH Sequence
41 Bits

RACH Data
36 Bits

TB
3

Guard Band
68.25 Bits

36Bit Contains : BSIC+CHAN_REQ or HND_ACC

41Bit Contains : Fixed bit sequence allow BTS to recognize it is Access Burst
86.25 bits GP: Long GP enables BTS to get Propagation delay information.
Nov 17, 2003

Bursts
Dummy Bursts:
To enable the BCCH frequency to be transmitted with a constant power level, dummy
burst are inserted.
This burst is transmitted on CHGR=0 when no other type of burst is to be sent.
Thus it makes possible for MS to perform the power measurement on the BTS in order
to determine which BTS to use for initial access or which to use for HO

CCCH is replaced by the dummy page, when there is no paging message to transmit.
1 Time slot = 156.25 bits durations (15/26 = 0.577 ms )
TB
3

Mixed Bits
58

Training Sequence
26

Mixed Bits
58

TB Guard Band
3
8.25

58Bits: Coded with pseudo random bit seq. to prevent confusion with Freq correction burst

Nov 17, 2003

Mapping of Logical Channel

Method of transmitting logical channels onto physical channel is called Mapping

FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH: An idle MS search for the FCH. When MS finds

the frequency correction burst it knows that this is TS 0 on CHGR=0
The cycle means F,S,B repeats after the Idle frame I.e. at Frame no 50. Cycle=51TS
TS=0 / CHGR=0
0

DOWNLINK
7

F0 F1 F2-F5 F6-9
TS-0 F S BCCH CCCH

F10
F

F11 F12-F15 F16-19 F20-23 F24 F25 F26-29 F30 F31 F32-F35 F36-F39 F40 F41 F42-F45 F46-49 F50
S
BCCH CCCH CCCH F
S CCCH F
S
CCCH CCCH F
S
CCCH CCCH
I

F: FCCH 1 TS ( Use 4 Slots in each 51 TDMA Frame)

S: SCH 1 TS ( Use 4 Slots in each 51 TDMA Frame)
I: IDLE 1 TS
BCCH 4 TS
CCCH 4 TS (PCH or AGCH) Paging Block
51 TDMA Frame = 9 Paging Blocks
TS=0 / CHGR=0
F0 F1
TS-0 R

UPLINK

F3

F3

F4

F5

F6

F7

F8

F9 F10

R: RACH 1 TS

Nov 17, 2003

F46 F47
R

F48

F49

F50

Mapping of Logical Channel

SDCCH+SACCH:

Cycle=102 TS This sequence is repeated after last idle frame.

The Uplink & Downlink pattern are time shifted, so SDCCH sub channel is sent in frame 0-3 on downlink
and in frame 15-18 on uplink. The reason for this is to achieve efficient communication, by giving MS time to
calculate its answer to the request received on down link SDCCH
TS=2 / CHGR=0
1

F0-F3

F4-F7

F8-F11

F12-F15

F16-F19

F20-F23 F24-F27 F28-F31 F32-F35 F36-F39

F40-F43 F44-F47 F48 F49 F50

SDCCH0 SDCCH1 SDCCH2 SDCCH3 SDCCH4 SDCCH5 SDCCH6 SDCCH7 SACCH0 SACCH1 SACCH2 SACCH3

SDCCH0 SDCCH1 SDCCH2 SDCCH3 SDCCH4 SDCCH5 SDCCH6 SDCCH7 SACCH4 SACCH5 SACCH6 SACCH7

TS=2 / CHGR=0

I:

DOWNLINK

F0-F3

F4-F7

UPLINK

IDLE
1 TS
SDCCH1 4 TS
2
SACCH 4 TS

F8-F11

F12 F13 F14 F15-F18 F19-F22 F23-F26 F27-F30 F31-F34 F35-F38 F39-F42 F43-F46 F47-F50

SACCH5 SACCH6 SACCH7

SDCCH0 SDCCH1 SDCCH2 SDCCH3 SDCCH4 SDCCH5 SDCCH6 SDCCH7 SACCH0

SACCH1 SACCH2 SACCH3

SDCCH0 SDCCH1 SDCCH2 SDCCH3 SDCCH4 SDCCH5 SDCCH6 SDCCH7 SACCH4

I:

IDLE
1 TS
SDCCH 4 TS
SACCH 4 TS

Nov 17, 2003

Mapping of Logical Channel

TCH+SACCH: 0&2 used by control channels. This leaves TS-1and 3-7 free for the
use by TCHs.
Repetition time (Cycle) =26 Frames .i.e. =26*8*(15/26)=120ms
Every 13th TS contains SACCH. Downlink contains TA value and Uplink contains
measuring report.

TS=1 / CHGR=0 DOWNLINK

0

F0

F1

F2

F3

F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 F16 F17 F18 F19 F20 F21 F22 F23 F24 F25 F26

T: TCH
1 TS
A: SACCH

Nov 17, 2003

Usage of SDCCH
The SDCCH are used in some different ways in the GSM network:
Registrations: Periodic Location Updates, IMSI Attach/Detach
Call Setup: Immediate Assignment -> Assignment.
SMS point-to-point: SMS messages to/from MS in Idle mode.
Fax Setup
Optional: USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Service Data) data
transfer. MS<->Network. Similar to SMS. Controlled by the
MSC.

Nov 17, 2003

Possible Configurations
SDCCH/8 : 8 Sub channels for signaling are mapped on 1 TS, this results 1 less TCH
for the cell.
SDCCH/4 (Combining BCCH and SDCCH) :4 Sub channels for signaling are mapped
on BCCH TS. As a result Paging capacity on BCCH is reduced by 1/3.
CBCH : If CBCH is active 1 sub channel of SDCCH is replaced by 1 CBCH channel.

Limitations : SDCCH/8 in a cell = Number of TRXs

CONFIGURATIONS

SDCCH/4
SDCCH/4+CBCH
SDCCH/8
SDCCH/8+CBCH
SDCCH/4+SDCCH/8
SDCCH/4+SDCCH/8+CBCH
SDCCH/4+SDCCH/8+SDCCH/8
SDCCH/4+SDCCH/8+SDCCH/8+CBCH

Nov 17, 2003

HYD007A
1 TRX
SDCCH
TCH
4
7
3
7
8
6
7
6
12
6
11
6
X
X
X
X

HYD006A
2 TRX
SDCCH
TCH
4
15
3
15
8
14
7
14
12
14
11
14
20
13
19
13

Possible Configurations -BCCH COMBC+CBCH

Nov 17, 2003

CELL

BCCH

CBCH

SDCCH

NOOFTCH

HYD007A

CHGR
CHBAND

BPC

4590 SDCCH-28646

BUSY

SDCCH-28645

IDLE

CBCH-34305

BUSY

SDCCH-28644

IDLE

BCCH-34797

BUSY

CHANNEL

CHRATE SPV STATE ICMBAND

4496 TCH-4629 FR

1,2

IDLE

4497 TCH-4630 FR

1,2

IDLE

4499 TCH-4631 FR

1,2

IDLE

4505 TCH-4654 FR

1,2

IDLE

4506 TCH-4655 FR

1,2

IDLE

4509 TCH-4661 FR

1,2

IDLE

4575 TCH-4670 FR

1,2

IDLE

Possible Configurations -BCCH NCOMB+CBCH

CELL

BCCH

CBCH

SDCCH

NOOFTCH

HYD006A

14

CHGR
0

BPC

Nov 17, 2003

CHRATE SPV STATE ICMBAND CHBAND 64K

6899 SDCCH-27810

IDLE

SDCCH-27809

IDLE

CBCH-34619

BUSY

SDCCH-27808

IDLE

SDCCH-27807

IDLE

SDCCH-27806

IDLE

SDCCH-27805

IDLE

SDCCH-27804

IDLE

BCCH-34804

BUSY

6900

CHGR

CHANNEL

6887 TCH-1242

FR

1,2

IDLE

NONE

6888 TCH-1243

FR

1,2

IDLE

NONE

6891 TCH-1246

FR

1,2

IDLE

NONE

6893 TCH-1248

FR

1,2

IDLE

NONE

6895 TCH-1250

FR

1,2

BUSY

NONE

6897 TCH-1252

FR

1,2

IDLE

NONE

BPC

CHANNEL

CHRATE SPV STATE ICMBAND CHBAND 64K

6885 TCH-1240

FR

1,2

BUSY

NONE

6886 TCH-1241

FR

1,2

IDLE

NONE

6889 TCH-1244

FR

1,2

IDLE

NONE

6890 TCH-1245

FR

1,2

IDLE

NONE

6892 TCH-1247

FR

1,2

IDLE

NONE

6894 TCH-1249

FR

1,2

BUSY

NONE

6896 TCH-1251

FR

1,2

IDLE

NONE

6898 TCH-1253

FR

1,2

IDLE

NONE

SDCCH Congestion
SDCCH congestion: All SDCCH in a cell are at the same time busy for a
period of time which leads to rejection for new MS.

Reasons :
Hanging SDCCH: Are SDCCH that are hanging busy and unusable for a
long time (many minutes or indefinite).
Hanging SDCCH are generally caused by SW faults.

Heavily used SDCCH: SDCCH seen as continuously busy even though

they are used by different MS and thus carries traffic.
It may cause due to :
> Extreme end-user behaviors: Sport event ending, festivals or celebrations.
> Increased mean hold time of the SDCCH: Mean hold time increase from
2 to 10 seconds can give SDCCH congestion.

Nov 17, 2003

SDCCH Holding Time

Normal Location Updating = 3.5 Sec
Periodic Registration

= 3.5 Sec

IMSI Attach
IMSI Detach

= 3.5 Sec
= 2.9 Sec (IMSI detach Indication message sent to
NW, no authentication is performed (which
normally takes 0.6Sec) & no ack is sent to MS.)

Call Setup

= 2.7 Sec (MOC)

= 2.9 Sec (MTC)

Short Message Service(SMS) = 6.2 Sec (Vary depending the length of SMS)
Fax Transmission

= 2.7 Sec (MOC)

= 2.9 Sec (MTC)

False Access

= 1.8 Sec (when Channel req is recd by system ,as SDCCH

is allocated by sending Imm Ass message, and the system
waits a certain time before performing disconnection.)

Nov 17, 2003

SDCCH Traffic Estimations

Normal Location Update:

Mean Holding time

No of Location update

=3.5 Sec
=1.0 per sub and BH

AC: Avg No of Location updates

=1000X(1 X 3.5)/3600=0.972 mE/Sub
IC : No Location updating at all
=1000X(0 X 3.5)/3600=0 mE/Sub
BC: 3 times the Avg no of Location updates =1000X(3 X 3.5)/3600=2.916mE/Sub
SMS:

Mean Holding time

No of SMS submitted

=6.2 Sec
=1.0 per Sub and BH

Traffic : 1000 X (1.0 X 6.2) / 3600 =1.7 mE/sub

Call Setup:

Mean Holding time

=2.7 Sec(MOC) & 2.9 Sec(MTC)
Mob Originating Traffic (Incl B Ans)
=0.8 BHCA
Mob Terminating Traffic (Incl B Ans)
=0.4 BHCA

Traffic : 1000 X {(0.8 X 2.7)+(0.4 X 2.9)} / 3600 =0.9 mE/sub

Nov 17, 2003

Reasons for SDCCH congestion

Increased mean hold time of SDCCH can be caused by:
Too low signal strength at access to the system
Due to LSS MS will be lost communication with the system, This will lead to timeout in the BSC
(RLINKT ), and thus the SDCCH is used until timeout. Increase ACCMIN.

Congestion of TCH/TRA/RALT
Will increase CP execution time before rejecting Imm Ass. Minor increase in mean hold time expected.

C7 problems to MSC (or TRC)

In case of C7 signalling problems (SCCP) towards MSC (and/or TRC) can lead to timeout on SCCP
connection setup. This will lead to more than 2 minutes hold time for SDCCH.

Handover on SDCCH
Handover on SDCCH will in itself increase mean hold time on SDCCH. However minor increase is
expected.

Nov 17, 2003

Reasons for SDCCH congestion

Congestion on Air-interface
Congestion on Air-interface leads to delay in communication to the MS. Can give timeout in BSC
during Imm Ass.Increases SDCCH mean hold time with more than 2 seconds.

Congestion on Abis (LAPD link)

Congestion on Abis leads to delay in communication with BTS and MS. Can give timeout in BSC
during channel activation (TCHACTIVE). Increase SDCCH mean hold time with more than 5 seconds..

Congestion on A-interface
Congestion on the A-interface will lead to increased mean hold time on SDCCH. Increase is unknown.

High load in MSC/VLR or HLR

High load in MSC/VLR and/or HLR will lead to increased mean hold time on SDCCH. Increase is
unknown.

Nov 17, 2003

How to detect SDCCH congestion in the BSC

There is no good way to detect SDCCH congestion in real time in the
BSC!

A number of symptoms to look for:

Increased CP Load.
Decreased usage of TRA devices.
Location Updates fails => Mobile terminating calls does not reach the subscriber.
Subscriber complaints. Can not access the system.
STS counters . Object type: CLSDCCH and CLSDCCHO.
Seizure Supervision of LCHs (but only for Hanging SDCCHs!)

Nov 17, 2003

Preventive actions to avoid SDCCH congestion

Avoid combined BCCH in cells with many SDCCHs

Use the optional feature Adaptive Configuration of SDCCHs (ACLC)

Use USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Service data) with care, can cause long
meanhold time on SDCCH.
Avoid Handover on SDCCH
Proper Dimensioning of the TCHs and TRA devices in the BSC.
Use recommended values for Periodic Location Updates
Avoid unnecessary Periodic Location Updates :
BSC: T3212 (RLSBC)
= 40 (4 hours)
MSC: BTDM (MGIDI)
= 240 (4 hours)
MSC: GTDM (MGIDI)
= 6 (6 minutes)
Use Immediate Assignment on TCH.
Increases the no of SDCCH in a Cell where SDCCH load is high
Nov 17, 2003

SDCCH Dimensioning
SDCCH Dimensioning is a compromise between SDCCH blocking
rate and TCH Capacity. In order to have a successful call setup
there has to be an available SDCCH as well as available TCH.
Basic SDCCH configuration:
It is recommended to choose
1 SDCCH/8 as the basic configuration for all the cells,
If LA> 2100 Erlang (500 TRX)
1 SDCCH/4 as the basic configuration for all the cells,
If LA< 2100 Erlang (500 TRX)

Nov 17, 2003

SDCCH Dimensioning
Automatic SDCCH dimensioning:
This can be done with optional Adaptive Configuration of Logical
Channel feature.
This feature will add extra SDCCH/8 by reconfiguring idle TCH
when SDCCH load is high, and revert back to TCH if SDCCH load
goes down.
Manual SDCCH Dimensioning :
Monitoring SDCCH / TCH Traffic in a cell
SDCCH/TCH load ratio
SDCCH Grade of Service:- Max allowed TCH GOS % = 2 %
The rule of Thumb says:
SDCCH/4 : Max. SDCCH GOS =1/2 * 2= 1 %
SDCCH/8 : Max. SDCCH GOS =1/4 * 2= 0.5%
Nov 17, 2003

SDCCH Dimensioning
Immediate Assignment on TCH:
In case of this feature on the channel administration assigns TCH for
signaling instead of an SDCCH, based on 7 different channels
allocation strategies (CHAPs)
TCH first strategy :
Decreases the SDCCH load and enable to use SDCCH/4 in all
the cells Traffic load on TCH will in this case increases
substantially so this strategy is not recommended.
SDCCH first strategy :
SDCCH is always allocated first if available, otherwise
signaling is performed on TCH.

Nov 17, 2003

SDCCH Dimensioning
Example :
ASSUME: CELL=3TRX ,SDCCH Traffic =4 Erlang, Bcchtype=NCOMB.No CBCH
GOS: SDCCH/4 = 1%, SDCCH/8 =0.5% & TCH % =2%
1> When Immediate Assignment on TCH not used
Erlang B Table :To maintain 0.5 % GOS & 4 Erlang min 13 Subchannels reqd
2SDCCH/8 => TCH=(3TRX*8TS) (1BCCH)-(2SDCCH/8)=21TCHs
21TCHs with 2 % GOS => 14.04 Erlang
2> When Immediate Assignment on TCH used
If we use 1SDCCH/8 only than 4 Erlangs with 8 sub channels GOS=>3 %
Congested Erlang will be =4 Erlang x 3 %=0.12Erlang
1SDCCH/8 => TCH=(3TRX*8TS) (1BCCH)-(1SDCH/8)=22TCHs
22TCHs with 2 % GOS => 14.9 Erlang
Actual TCH Capacity=14.9 0.12 = 14.7 Erlang
TCH Capacity in the cell is increased with 0.7 Erlang
Nov 17, 2003

SDCCH Dimensioning
Immediate Assignment on TCH not used

Nov 17, 2003

SDCCH Dimensioning
Recommended SDCCH Configurations

Nov 17, 2003

SDCCH Dimensioning
HALF RATE CAPACITY CALCULATION
Half rate will affect SDCCH dimensioning since more signaling will be
reqd when no of TCH is increased.
Important dimensioning factor is therefore the Half rate penetration
.i.e.the % of Half rate mobile in a NW.
Example: 2 TRX Cell, Half Rate Penetration =10 %, 1 SDCCH/8
TCH/F =14 support 14 Subscriber
Penetration 10% of 14 is 1.4 = 2 Subscribers (Reqd 2 Half Rate TCH/H)
Total 13 TCH/F+2TCH/H = 15 TCH required
Capacity :
Erlang B Table: 15 TCH @ 2% GOS => 9.0096 Erlang
Nov 17, 2003

SDCCH Dimensioning
Max Allowed SDCCH/TCH Load Ratio (Half Rate)

AC : Average Cells
BC : Border Cells
IC : Inner Cells

Nov 17, 2003

SDCCH Dimensioning
Dimensioning based on STS data
More accurate dimensioning is achieved by using cell statistics .i.e. STS
counters
SDCCH Traffic
TCH Traffic
SDCCH/TCH Load Ratio %
SDCCH Congestion
TCH Congestion
SDCCH Mean Holding Time
Availability of SDCCH Channels
Availability of TCH Channels

Nov 17, 2003

Parameters
MFRMS :This parameter defines period of transmission for PAGING REQUEST messages to the same
paging subgroup.
T3212 : Is the periodic registration timer
ACCSTATE : Activate/Deactivate the Adaptive config of logical channel feature per cell basis
CHAP :Selecting Channel Allocation profile per cell.
SLEVEL: The attempt to increase the number of SDCCH/8 will take place when
allocation of an SDCCH has failed due to congestion.
STIME :Parameter STIME determines how long the system waits before the number of
SDCCH/8 added by this function is decreased when the demand for signalling channels
has returned to a low level
BTDM :Implicit detach supervision should be equal or longer than T3212 in BSC.
GTDM : is an extra Gurad time in minutes before the subscriber is set to detach.
RLINKT: Radio link time-out This parameter defines the time before an MS disconnects a call due to failure
in decoding SACCH messages. The parameter is given as number of SACCH periods (480ms).
Nov 17, 2003

Parameters for SDCCH Dimensioning

Nov 17, 2003

STS Counters
CCALLS

: Call attempt counter

CCONGS

: Congestion counter

CTRALACC : Traffic level accumulator.

CNSCAN

: Number of accumulations of SDCCH traffic level

counter.

CNDROP

: Dropped connections due to Failure.

CNUCHCNT : Number of defined channels.

CAVAACC

: Available channels accumulator.

CMSESTAB : Successful MS channel establishment on SDCCHs.

CTCONGS
Nov 17, 2003

: SDCCH congestion time ( Sec)

Formulas
No. of SDCCH Attempts

CCALLS

SDCCH Congestion (%)

100 X { CCONGS / CCALLS }

No. of SDCCH Connections

CMSESTAB

SDCCH Establishments No
Congestion (%)

100 X {CMSESTAB / (CCALLS - CCONGS)}

SDCCH Time Congestion (%)

100 X { CTCONGS / (RPL * 60)}

SDCCH Drop (%)

100 X { CNDROP / CMSESTAB }

SDCCH Mean Holding Time

(Sec.)

RPL X 60 X {(CTRALACC/CNSCAN) / CMSESTAB }

SDCCH Traffic (Erlang)

CTRALACC / CNSCAN

SDCCH/TCH Ratio

(CTRALACC/CNSCAN) / ((TFTRALACC/TFNSCAN)+
(THTRALACC/THNSCAN))

Nov 17, 2003

Quality Report : Call Setup Analysis Report

W-6

Measuring Period : 03 Nov 2003 to 09 Nov 2003 (7Days)

(Weekly Avg Stats)
QUALITY REPORT :Call Setup Analysis Report ( W-6)
S DRP(HYD)

15Sep-21Sep
22Sep-29Sep
29Sep-5Oct
06Oct-12Oct
03Nov-09Nov
Sr No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

S DRP (ROAP)

CELL

134
127
112
25
89
NOD

Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
>1%

HYD001B
HYD004B
HYD005A
HYD007B
HYD012C
HYD018A
HYD018B
HYD020B
HYD025C
HYD026C
HYD028A
HYD028C
HYD030C
HYD031C
HYD038A
HYD040A
HYD040B
HYD042A
HYD045B
HYD051C

633
305
359
79
432
433
653
298
481
653
413
601
373
581
327
279
522
505
1632
229

1.08
1.03
1.54
1.34
6.51
1.18
1.13
1.02
1.28
1.7
1.03
1.23
1.26
1.35
1.11
1.07
1.3
1.14
1.28
1.01

SDRP
NOD
SCSR
CONR

CELL
ADO001B
ADO002B
AKI001A
AKI001B
AKI001C
AMA001A
AMA001A
AMA001B
AMA001C
AMA001C
ANK001B
ANN001A
ANN001B
ANN001C
ANP001A
ANP001B
ANP001C
AVA001A
AVA001B
BHI001A

275
295
309
154
295
NOD

Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
>1%

109
54
29
21
37
3
82
37
5
72
144
14
30
96
18
29
20
49
26
258

1.52
1.33
1.04
1.04
2.15
1.54
2.66
1.08
2.94
2.94
1.11
3.29
2.15
5.64
1.06
2.19
1.7
1.95
1.13
1.45

SCSR %(HYD)

175
192
187
178
206
CELL
HYD012C
HYD117C
HYD155B
HYD161B
HYD168A
HYD058A
HYD124B
HYD146B
HYD012A
HYD093B
HYD170B
HYD155A
HYD161C
HYD089B
HYD011B
HYD121B
HYD146C
HYD145B
HYD108C
HYD101C

LEGENDS
SDCCH Drop Rate %
Week Total Dropped SDCCH's
SDCCH Call Success Rate %
SDCCH Congestion rate %

Nov 17, 2003

SCSR % (ROAP)

Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
< 96 %

357
378
400
382
372
CELL

Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
< 96 %

73.35
78.45
81.57
82.57
83.77
83.99
84
86.41
86.52
86.86
87
87.29
87.59
87.82
87.85
87.97
88.01
88.23
88.49
88.71

KOL001B
JGP001C
HIN002C
RAJ001B
VIZ020C
JGP001A
VJA018B
CHI001C
EMG001C
RAZ001B
NID001C
CHL004C
RJM007B
VJA020A
ONG004B
ANN001A
CHI003B
VSP001B
ANN001C
VJA019B

65.95
72.07
73.01
73.06
73.67
75.2
75.81
77.68
78.01
78.98
79.41
79.47
80.13
81.21
81.78
81.92
82.55
82.8
83.19
83.22

NOC
CT(S)
ALL

23.09.03

CONR% (HYD)

68
98
71
55
59
CELL
HYD201A
HYD176A
HYD176C
HYD176B
HYD137C
HYD168A
HYD005B
HYD155A
HYD161B
HYD137B
HYD054B
HYD170B
HYD171B
HYD168C
HYD137A
HYD177B
HYD142A
HYD053C
HYD161C
HYD153C

Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
>0.5% NOC
3.31 3081
3.19 2862
2.98 1695
2.3
942
1.94
559
1.75
207
1.6
725
1.39
152
1.36
138
1.3
257
1.28
386
1.27
139
1.23
323
1.22
82
1.1
129
1.05
206
1.02
147
1.01
161
1
95
0.99
191

SDCCH Congestion Counter

Cong. Time in Secs (Week Tot)
SDCCH Drop Rate %
SDCCH Estab Success Rate %
SDCCH Congestion rate %

CONR% (ROAP)

CT
(S)
1952
8177
4397
3095
1423
656
2465
403
262
993
1654
375
1219
320
346
791
701
496
147
541

109
174
135
109
78
CELL
HIN002C
KAD001B
GUN009B
VIZ027C
KAD001C
HIN001B
ANA001B
TEN002C
KAD001A
VIZ023C
ADO001C
GOD001B
SUL001A
MAH002A
STP001B
VSP001C
STP001A
TVR001C
RJM008B
SAN001B

Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
Cells
>0.5% NOC
2.37
2.35
2.19
1.91
1.72
1.59
1.42
1.4
1.33
1.32
1.32
1.31
1.3
1.23
1.05
1.03
1.01
1.01
0.98
0.98

90
602
641
267
392
183
275
372
268
183
190
372
71
104
374
135
329
258
15
134

ALL
SDRP>1%
SER <96%
CONR >0.5 %
72Cells
116Cells
97Cells
81Cells
60Cells
CT
Worst Cells
(S)
326 NIZ001A
1989 NIZ001B
2410 CHL001A
638 BHI001A
1702 MAH002B
664 KHA001B
1084 TEN002C
1434 TIR008A
1127 AKI001A
790 BPL001B
860 TVR001C
1099 DHA001C
169 MAH002A
390 HIN001B
1865 BPL001C
270 TAD001C
1542 CHL002C
924 MAC001A
65 DHA001B
318 ADO001B

Know More - SDCCH

Thank you

Nov 17, 2003

S. Rajshekhar Deshraj

Call Setup-Mobile Terminating Call

MS

BTS

PCH
RACH

3>Paging Req(Imsi on PCH)

2>Paging Command
Imsi/Tmsi+PG+TRX+CG+TN

4>Channel Req(On RACH)

5>Channel Reqd (Access Delay)

BSC

MSC

1>Paging(LAI+IMSI/TMSI)

6>Channel Actn (MSPwr,BSPwr,TA)

7>Channel Activation Ack
AGCH

8>Imm Assign Cmd(On AGCH , Freq

+TS+ SDCCH SubChannel No+TA

8>Immediate Assign
SABM (Paging Resp:IMSI/MS Class)

SDCCH

UA(Paging Resp) Unnumbered Ack

Frame which confirms only 1 MS is
using Sig Channel
10>Auth Req (128 bit
RAND+3bitCKSN)

SDCCH

11>Auth Response (MS Calculate

SRES & Kc with its own Ki stored in
SIM by appling algorithm A3&A8)

9>Estblish Ind (Paging Resp)

IMSI+MS Class
10>Auth Req (128 bit RAND+3bitCKSN)

11>Auth Response (SRES)

9>Conn Req (Paging Resp: BSC

add CGI)
10>Auth Req (128 bit RAND+
3bit CKSN)

11>Auth Response (SRES)

Next..
Nov 17, 2003

Call Setup-Mobile Terminating Call

MS
SDCCH
SDCCH

BTS

14>Setup
15>Call Confirmed

SDCCH 19>Assignment Cmnd (BSC send

message on SDCCH to MS telling to
go TCH)

TCH

TCH
TCH

TCH

20>Assign Comp (MS tune to TCH

and send Ind that Chan is Seized)

22>Alert (MS Send Alert to MSC as

soon as the ringing is started in MS)
23>Connect (When MS Sub Answer
the Conn message sent to MSC)
24>Connect Ack

Nov 17, 2003

BSC
14>Setup

15>Call Confirmed
17>Channel Activation
(BSC Allocated Idle TS for Traffic)

MSC

14>Setup (Req for Services I.e.

Speech/Data/Fax etc)
15>Call Confirmed
16>Assignment Req
(MSC send CIC to BSC)

18>Channel Activation Ack

19>Assignment Cmnd (BSC send
message on SDCCH to MS telling to go
TCH)

20>Assign Comp (MS tune to TCH

and send Ind that Chan is Seized)
21>RF Chann Realease
21>RF Chann Realease Ack
22>Alert (MS Send Alert to MSC as
soon as the ringing is started in MS)
23>Connect (When MS Sub Answer
the Conn message sent to MSC)
24>Connect Ack

20>Assign Comp (MS tune to TCH

and send Ind that Chan is Seized)

22>Alert (MS Send Alert to MSC as

soon as the ringing is started in MS)
23>Connect (When MS Sub Answer
the Conn message sent to MSC)
24>Connect Ack

Exit..