Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chain of Survival
Early
Access 9911
Early
First
Aid/CPR
You
Early
Defibrilla
tion
Scene
Early
Advanced
Care
Hospital
Principles cont
o Make sure the airway is open and
clear,place the victim in appropriate
position
o Do not let the crowd gather provide
fresh air
o Be calm. assess and note all major
injuries and wounds and give first
aid.
o If breathing stops give immediate
artificial respiration
Principles cont
o If there is bleeding try to stop
bleeding
o Prevent shock and arrange for
transportation to health care facility.
o Keep the victim warm and let him/her
lie down in comfortable position
o Victim should send to hospital by
fastest means of transport,never
send alone
Principles cont
o Always inform police about serious
accidents
o Remove foreign body which can
easily be removed or wiped out
o Loosen tight clothes
o Handle the victim gently
o Support the wound site or fracture.
Steps of firstaid
1. Assessment of the situation :
. help the victim until a doctor or
qualified person arrives
. Be calm and take responsibility
. Ensure safety
. Make use of volunteers
Choking
What is it?
Obstruction in the airway.
General Precaution
If someone is coughing, leave the person alone.
Do not perform the Heimlich Maneuver.
Violent coughing
Asphyxiated
Unable to speak and breath
Blue or pale lips and skin
Complaining of burning sensation in
substernal region
Prominent vein in neck
May develop loss of conscious in
complete throat obstruction.
On an Unconscious
Person
If person is lying down, straddle the person with
your knees
Place heel of one hand above waistline
Place other hand over the first
Give four inward and upward thrust
Repeat till object is coughed out
If the victim is unconscious start artificial
respiration and transfer to hospital.
Prevention
Shock
Definition: Shock is a medical
emergency in which the organs and
tissues of the body are not receiving
an adequate flow of blood. This
deprives the organs and tissues of
oxygen (carried in the blood) and
allows the buildup of waste products.
Shock can result in serious damage
or even death.
Shock
Shock refers to circulatory system failure
that happens when insufficient amounts
of oxygenated blood is provided for every
body part. This can be as the result of:
Loss of blood due to uncontrolled bleeding or
other circulatory system problem.
Loss of fluid due to dehydration or excessive
sweating.
Trauma (injury)
Occurrence of an extreme emotional event
causes
Types of shock
Hypovolemic
Cardiogenic
Septic shock
Neurogenic shock
Anaphylactic shock
Shock Cont.
What to Look For(sign and symptms)
Altered mental status
Anxiety and restlessness
Shock Cont.
What to Do
After first treating life-threatening
injuries such as breathing or bleeding,
the following procedures shall be
performed:
Lay the victim on his or her back
Raise the victims legs 8 12 to allow the
blood to drain from the legs back to the
heart.
Prevent body heat loss by putting blankets
and coats under and over the victim
Burn
Types of burn
Heat burns (thermal burns) are
caused by fire, steam, hot objects, or
hot liquids. Scald burns from hot
liquids are the most common burns
to children and older adults.
Cold temperature burns are
caused by skin exposure to wet, or
cold conditions.
Electrical burns are caused by
contact with electrical sources or by
Second degree
Fourth degree
Head/neck - 9%
Each arm - 9%
Anterior thorax - 18%
Posterior thorax - 18%
Each leg - 18%
Perineum - 1%
Bites
The act of cutting,tearing,holding or
gripping with the teeth or sting is
called bites.
Types of bites
Insect bite
Snake bite
Dog bite
Insect bite
When
the
insect
pierces its sting into
the
tissue
and
releases venoum,it is
known
as
insect
bite.the
venoum
contain
chemical
compound
whhich
produces allergy.
Bees
Wasps(af?nf])
Scorpions (laR%L)
Harnets
Spider
Snake bites
When a poisonous snake bites ,it
releases its venoum.the venoum
contains hemotoxin /monotoxin that
destroy redblood cells.if the patient
doesnot get prompt treatment it may
be fatal and cause death.
All snakes are not poisonous but
victim requires treatment.
Slow or moderate
swelling
No discolouration
Spasm of respiratory
muscles
Asphyxiated
Death in delay
treatment
Dog bite
Dog bites are
sometimes very
serious.all the
dog bites must
be referred for
medical
treatment
especially in
nepal because
rabies virus
Haemorrhage
Haemorrhage is the condition in which blood
flows out from the blood vessels due to
some injury or accident.it may be internal
and external.
Primary haemorrhage: immediate
bleeding from cut inury or incision
Reactionary haemorrhage:bleeding
occurs with in 24 hours
Secondary haemorrhage: bleeding after
24 hours
Epistaxis(nose bleed)
Epistaxis is a haemorrhage from the
nose caused by the rupture of tiny
distended blood vessels in the mucus
membrane of any area of nasal
passage.
CPR cont
Before you begin
Before starting CPR, check:
Is the person conscious or unconscious?
If the person appears unconscious, shake
his or her shoulder and ask loudly, "Are
you OK?"
If the person doesn't respond and two
people are available, one should call local
emergency number and one should begin
CPR. If you are alone and have immediate
access to a telephone, ask for help before
beginning CPR.
Chest compression
Open airway
To perform CPR on a
child cont
Fractures
Open fracture
Close fracture