Motivation; Appraising and

Rewarding Performance

MOTIVATION: the process of activating behavior, sustaining it

and directing it toward a pariticular goal. It moves people to
act and accomplish.
IN THE WORKPLACE, motivation may be more
specifically defined as the set of internal and external forces
that cause a worker or employee to choose a course of action
and engage in a certain behavior.
KEY ELEMENTS OF MOTIVATION
-Intensity
-Direction
-Persistence

Intensity refers to the level of effort provided by the employee

in the attempt to achieve the goal assigned to him. In short it is
all about hardwork.
Direction relates to what an individual chooses to do when he is
confronted with a number of possible choices.
Persistence is a dimension of motivation which measures how
long a person can maintain effort to achieve the organizations
goal.
In any case, this elements complement each other. If the
intensity of motivation is insufficient, or the effort is not properly
directed or persistent enough, excellent performance is not just
possible.

THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
1.ContentTheories- focusing on wants and needs of an individual
I. Hierarchy of needs theory (Abraham Maslow)

II. ERG Theory( Clayton Alderfer)

III. Acquired Need Theory (David McClelland)

IV. Two-factor Theory (Frederick Herzberg)

2. Process Theories how people act in response to the wants and

need they have.
I. Expectancy Theory (Victor Vroom)

II. Equity Theory

III. Goal Setting Theory (Edwin A Locke)

Motivational methods and programs

1. Motivation through job design-job challenging
I.Job enrichment- refers to the practice of building motivating
factors
II. Job Characteristics Model- focuses on the task and
interpersonal demands of job.

III. Job Crafting- refers to physical and mental changes workers

make in the task or relationship aspect of their job.
2. Organizational behaviour modification- motivating people
to work

OB Mod program
-Identfying critical behaviour
-Developing baseline data
-identifying behavioural consequences of performance
-developing an intervention strategy
-evaluating performance improvement

Benefits of OB Mod
Improvement of employee and productivity
Reduction of errors and accident rates
Improvement of friendliness toward customers
3. Motivation through recognition and pride recognition is a
natural human need and it is a strong motivator. Pride is another
motivator. Workers who achieve outstanding performance
experience the emotion of pride
4. Motivation through financial incentives
-financial incentives are powerful tools of motivation.