Pooja Mishra and Dharmendra Singh

Department of Electronics and Computer

Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand

Ground data
Class

ROI

Water

197

Tall vegetation

300

Urban

295

Short vegetation

125

Bare soil

145

Extraction of polarimetric
indices
Backscattering coefficients and
their ratios

0xy 10 log(I xy 2 Q xy 2 )

xy polarization may refer to

polarization in linear basis (HV basis)
, circular basis (LR basis) and
elliptical basis (Linear 45 basis).

Weighted Polarimetric Sum (WPS)

WPS 1000 SHH SHV SVV

0.001

D.G. Corr et al.

Exhibits low value for smooth surfaces while

high value for rough surfaces

Ratio Vegetation Index

(RVI)
RVI

HH

8 HV
2 HV VV

Higher value for diffuse

(volume)
scattering

Arii et al.

Normalized Difference Polarization Index (NDPI)

0
0
VV
VH
NDPI 0
0
VV VH

Higher the NDPI higher the

roughness

Cao et al.

Cross Polarization Ratio (CPR)

CPR

HV
HH HV

Used for separation of bare

soil and vegetation

Trudel et al. 2008

S ij

i j
i j

i , j Mean of classes ' i' and ' j'

i , j s tan dard deviation of classes ' i' and ' j'
S ij 0.8 Feature worth for rejection
0.8 S ij 1.5 Dependable feature for separation
S ij 2 Best feature for separation

hv found to be suitable feature for

segregation of all the classes

Proposed classification
method

Class

Bare soil

Water

Short
vegetation

Tall
vegetation

Urban

Distributi Ran
Chi-squared statistics
on
k
with 5% significance level
Chi
p-value
Critical
squarevalue
Statistics
Normal
2
6.4346
0.3763
12.592
Rayleigh
4
34.848
4.6112E-6 12.592
Cauchy
1
1.3177
0.97067
12.592
Weibull
3
11.855
0.06527
12.592
Normal
3
6.8994
0.33025
12.592
Rayleigh
4
10.88
0.09215
12.592
Cauchy
1
1.6905
0.94585
12.592
Weibull
2
5.9467
0.42918
12.592
Normal
1
6.7691
0.34273
12.592

Hypothesis
Rejected
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No

Rayleigh
Cauchy
Weibull
Normal

4
3
2
2

19.596
9.6726
7.4485
11.529

0.00327
0.13913
0.28135
0.11714

12.592
12.592
12.52
14.067

Yes
No
No
No

Rayleigh

55.894

14.067 Yes

Cauchy
Weibull
Normal

3
1
1

17.437
9.0475
4.9709

9.9130E10
0.01479
0.24926
0.66352

14.067 Yes
14.067 No
14.067 No

f(x)

( x )2
2 2

2
continous scale parameter
estimation parameters
continous location parameter

LowerBoundary mean std .dev.

UpperBoundary mean std .dev.

Estimated parameters of Normal density function for all the classes

Class
Bare soil

Water

Short
vegetation
Tall
vegetation
Urban

Set 1 Set 2
Set 3
Set 4
Set 5
Set 6
2.7074 1.6252 1.3141 2.2051 1.7477
2.0733
28.11 27.752 24.869 29.254 28.586 28.276

7
1.76 1.4984 2.1567 2.1763 3.9291
2.1511
30.98 30.951 32.073 30.26 28.842 31.938

3
1.4952 1.053 1.4812
1.37
1.2105
23.70 23.529 23.296 25.303 23.72

1.092
23.926

6
1.3567 1.9832 1.7616 1.8611 2.6276
16.68 18.837 17.596 17.829 18.072

1.5879
17.57

1.1097 0.92431 1.1078 1.1193

1.158
14.13 14.776 15.495 14.636 15.391

1.0939
14.81

Obtained boundaries for range of position and scale parameter

M
1.95

SD
MSD M+SD M
SD
MSD M+SD
0.4839 1.4660 2.4339 27.8 1.526 29.33 26.2

soil
Water

2.278

9
1
9 0
5
55
0.8536 1.4249 3.1322 30.8 1.190 32.03

82
29.6

Short

6
1.283

3
7
3 4
6
16
0.1931 1.0904 1.4767 23.9 0.712 24.62

50
23.2

veg.
Tall

6
1.863

4
6
4 1
8
58
0.4339 1.4291 2.2969 17.7 0.705 18.46

00
17.0

1.085

6
8
99
0.0819 1.0036 1.1674 14.8 0.505 15.37

58
14.3

Bare

veg.
Urban

Location and scale parameters of Normal distribution

are mean and standard deviation, respectively.
Therefore, location parameter may be used for
differentiating various targets.

68

Urban
Short vegetation
Bare soil
Water
Tall vegetation