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Roots and
Early
History
DEFINE
PSYCHOLOGY
Table of Contents
4
What is Psychology?
Roots of Psychology
Psychology Discipline
10-13
Fact or Falsehood?
Sigmund Freud established the first psychology
laboratory at the University of Vienna, Austria.
false
true
false
true
false
What is
Psychology?
Scientific
Answering questions
objectively based on
observable facts, data,
and established
methods
Todays definition:
The scientific study of behavior and
mental processes
Behavio
r
Observable actions
Mental
Processes
Thoughts, feelings,
sensations,
perceptions,
motivations, dreams,
subjective
experiences
Rene Descartes
Dualism, or the idea
that the mind and
body are separate
entities that interact
Plato
Nativism, or the
idea that certain
kinds of
knowledge are
Aristotle
Philosophical
empiricism, or the
idea that all
knowledge is
acquired through
Roots of
Psychology:
Physiology
The branch of biology that
studies the functions and
parts of living organisms
In the 1600s, physiologists
begin to study the workings
of the brain and its relation to
behavior.
By the 1700s, physiologists
find that specific bodily
functions can be traced to
specific brain areas.
Some early ideas, such as
phrenology, did not stand the
test of time.
Psychology:
A Discipline
Is Founded
Uses scientific
methods to study
psychological
processes
Writes first
psychology textbook
(1874)
Establishes first
psychology research
laboratory at the
University of Leipzig,
Germany (1879)
Wilhelm Wundt
(1832-1920)
Leipzig, Germany
Structuralism
Edward Titchener
(1867-1927)
Advocated
Advocated by
by William
William James
James and
and influenced
influenced by
by Darwin,
Darwin, functionalism
functionalism focuses
focuses on
on
how
how behaviors
behaviors function
function to
to allow
allow people
people and
and animals
animals adapt
adapt to
to their
their environment
environment..
Charles Darwin
(1809-1882)
New Schools
Develop:
Psychoanalysis
The Unconscious
is the part of the mind
that operates outside
of conscious
awareness
Unconscious conflicts
determine behavior
and personality
Psychoanalytic Theory
Sigmund Freud
1856-1939
New Schools
Develop:
Behaviorism
Psychology
redefined as the
scientific study of
observable
behavior
John Watson
(1878-1958)
Extends approach to
human behavior.
B. F. Skinner (1904-1990)
Further experiments on
behavior, learning, and
conditioning.
Carl Rogers
(1902-1987)
Abraham
Maslow
(19081970)
Brain
activity
Cognitive Psychology
Mental
activity
Photo Credits
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Slide 13
DESCRIPTION
Brain graphic
Tree on hill screened under TOC
Boy writing on a chalkboard
Woman playing with two children
Woman touching her temple
Bust of Plato
Statue of Aristotle (cropped)
Picture of Rene Descartes (cropped)
Phrenology map "A Picture of Good Health"
Picture of Wilhelm Wundt
Picture of Wilhelm Wundt
Picture of Edward Titchener
Picture of William James
Picture of Charles Darwin
Picture of Sigmund Freud (cropped)
Picture of Ivan Pavlov (also in Deck 7 figure
7108_7.1.8a
Picture of John Watson
Picture of BF Skinner
Picture of Carl Rogers
Picture of Abraham Maslow
Picture of four brain scans
Man with glasses touching his chin
CREDIT
NLshop/Fotolia.com
Brand X
Corbis
Banana Stock
Getty Images
Gianni Dagli Orti/ Corbis
Mansell/ Time Life Pictures/ Getty Images
Leonard de Selva/ Corbis
Mary Evans Picture Library / The Image Works
Corbis
Corbis
Archives of the History of American Psychology, The University of Akron
Corbis
Vintage Images/Alamy
Freud Museum
Culver Pictures/ The Art Archive
Underwood & Underwood/ Corbis
Archives of the History of American Psychology, The University of Akron
Special Collections, Donald C. Davidson Library/University of California, Santa Barbara
Courtesy of Robert D. Farber University Archives at Brandeis University
Stockbyte
Getty Images