PhylumArthropoda

PhylumArthropoda
Severalmillionspecies.
Hardexoskeleton.
Coelomateprotostomes.

PhylumArthropoda
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha

PhylumArthropoda
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
Subphylum Cheliceriformes
Class Chelicerata
Subclass Merostomata (horseshoe crabs)

PhylumArthropoda
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
Subphylum Cheliceriformes
Class Chelicerata
Subclass Merostomata (horseshoe crabs)
Subclass Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks)

PhylumArthropoda
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
Subphylum Cheliceriformes
Class Chelicerata
Subclass Merostomata (horseshoe crabs)
Subclass Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks)
Class Pycnogonida (sea spiders)

PhylumArthropoda
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
Subphylum Cheliceriformes
Subphylum Myriapoda
Class Chilapoda (centipedes)

PhylumArthropoda
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
Subphylum Cheliceriformes
Subphylum Myriapoda
Class Chilapoda (centipedes)
Class Diplopoda (millipedes)

PhylumArthropoda
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
Subphylum Cheliceriformes
Subphylum Myriapoda
Subphylum Hexapoda
Class Insecta

PhylumArthropoda
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
Subphylum Cheliceriformes
Subphylum Myriapoda
Subphylum Hexapoda
Subphylum Crustacea
Class Branchipoda (brine shrimp)

PhylumArthropoda
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
Subphylum Cheliceriformes
Subphylum Myriapoda
Subphylum Hexapoda
Subphylum Crustacea
Class Branchipoda
Class Maxillopoda
Subclass Copepoda (copepod)

PhylumArthropoda
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
Subphylum Cheliceriformes
Subphylum Myriapoda
Subphylum Hexapoda
Subphylum Crustacea
Class Branchipoda
Class Maxillopoda
Subclass Copepoda (copepod)
Subclass Thecostraca (barnacles)

PhylumArthropoda
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
Subphylum Cheliceriformes
Subphylum Myriapoda
Subphylum Hexapoda
Subphylum Crustacea
Class Branchipoda
Class Maxillopoda
Class Malacostraca
Order Decapoda (crabs, lobsters, shrimp)

PhylumArthropoda
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
Subphylum Cheliceriformes
Subphylum Myriapoda
Subphylum Hexapoda
Subphylum Crustacea
Class Branchipoda
Class Maxillopoda
Class Malacostraca
Order Decapoda
Order Isopoda (isopods)

WhatdoArthropodslooklike?
Triploblastic, bilateral protostomes
Hard exoskeleton
Specialization of appendages
Jointed appendages
Coelom that acts as an open
circulatory system (heomcoel)
Excretory and gas exchange organs
Sense organs that extend out of
cuticle
Growth through molting (ecdysis)

Fig.15.15

HowdoArthropodssupportthemselvesandmove?
Cuticle
Secretedbyepidermis
Waxes,lipoproteins,proteins.
Sclerotizedtanningprocessthathardens

Fig.15.16

HowdoArthropodssupportthemselvesandmove?
Eachsegmentboundbyfourplatesdorsaltergite,ventralsternite,
andtwolateralpleurites.
Musclebandsattachtoapodemes.
Appendagessegmentedwithextrinsicorintrinsicmuscles.

Fig.15.15

HowdoArthropodssupportthemselvesandmove?

Appendages:
Uniramousor
biramous.
Partsarespecialized
fordifferenttasks.

Fig.15.17

HowdoArthropodssupportthemselvesandmove?
Jointshavethinflexiblemembrane.
Antagonisticmuscles:flexorsand
extensors.
Jointsinoneplaneorballandsocket.
Exoskeletonhascondylesthatactas
fulcrums.

Fig.15.18

HowdoArthropodssupportthemselvesandmove?
Walking
Walkinginvolvesthecoordinated
movementofuniramous
appendagesindifferentplanes.

Fig.15.20

HowdoArthropodssupportthemselvesandmove?
Walking
SubphylumMyriapoda Millipedes(Class
Diplopoda)have
twolegsper
segmentoneach
side.Slowbut
powerful.
Fig.18.3
Centipedes(Class
Chilopoda)have
onelegper
segmentoneach
side.Fastbutnot
aspowerful.

HowdoArthropodssupportthemselvesandmove?
Swimming
Flappingphyllopodia

Fig.15.19

Tailflexion

HowdoArthropodssupportthemselvesandmove?
Flying
Hemipterans(flies)
Indirectflightmusclesallowwingstobeatfasterthan
neuraltransmission.
Dorsoventralandlongitudinalmuscles.
Flexiblethorax.

Fig.17.16

HowdoArthropodssupportthemselvesandmove?
Brainis23gangliawith
specificfunctions.
Ganglionatedventralnervecord.

Senseorgans(sensilla)protrude
outofcuticle.
Canbeslitincuticle.
Membranousdrums.
Chemoreceptorswiththincuticle.
Fig.15.28

HowdoArthropodssupportthemselvesandmove?
Simpleocelli.
Complexlensedocelli.
Compoundeyesmadeofommatidia.

Fig.15.29

HowdoArthropodsgrow?
Instarshavetissuegrowthbut
noincreaseinexternalsize.
Proecdysisoldendocuticle
digestedbyenzymesfrom
epidermis.Beginsecreting
newendocuticle.
Ecdysisoldcuticlesplits
andanimalwigglesout.
Bodyswells.
Postecdysiscuticlehardens.

HowdoArthropodsgrow?

Timingofmolting.

Throughoutlifecrustaceans.
Periodicallyuntilcertainsizecopepods.
Duringmetamorphosisinsects.
Hemimetabolousinsectshatchlookingmuchlike
adults.Nymphsgraduallyattainadultform.
Holometabolousyoungverydifferentfrom
adults.Pupalstagemetamorhosisintoadult.

Fig.17.36

Fig.17.35

HowdoArthropodsfeedanddigest?
Completegutwithregional
specialization.
Foregutfoodintake,transport,
storage,mechanicaldigestion
(jaws,pharynx,gizzard).
Midgutextracellulardigestion,
nutrientuptake(cecae,digestive
gland,hepatopancreas).
Hindgutexcretionofundigested
material,waterreabsorption.

Fig.15.24

HowdoArthropodsfeedanddigest?

Fig.19.5

Spidersilk
Complexfibrous
protein.
Spinning
apparatusin
opithosome.

Liquidsilkproducedbyglands,
secretedintoduct,passto
spinneretwithtubestooutside.

Fig.19.7

HowdoArthropodsfeedanddigest?
Threadsmadeofdifferentthicknessesand
combinedindifferentwaysfordifferent
functions.

HowdoArthropodsmaintainhomeostasis?
Circulationandrespiration
Openhemocoelasaresultof
hardexoskeletonandlack
ofinternalsegmentation.
Muscularheartrequiredsince
bodymovementscant
moveblood.
Hemolymphhasamebocytes,
pigments,andsomehave
clottingfactors.

Fig.15.25

HowdoArthropodsmaintainhomeostasis?
Fig.15.26

Circulationandrespiration
Respiratorystructuresdependonhabitat.

Tracheain
terrestrial
insects.

Gillsinaquaticanimals.

Arachnidbooklung.
Fig.19.18

HowdoArthropodsmaintainhomeostasis?
Osmoregulationandwasteexcretion
Closedstructurerequiredsinceopen
nephrostomewouldntwithsucha
largehemocoel.
Materialuptakedependsonfiltration
pressureandactiveuptake.
Reuptakeofsaltsandnutrients.
Antennalandmaxillaryglandsin
crustaceans.Produceammonia
withsomeureaanduricacid.
Malpighiantubulesinarachnidsand
insects.Blindtubesextendinto
hemocoelandemptyintogut.
Produceuricacid.

Fig.15.27

HowdoArthropodsreproduceanddevelop?
Mostgonochoristicwithformalmatingandinternalfertilization.

Fig.16.32

HowdoArthropodsreproduceanddevelop?
Usuallysomebrooding.
Developmentoftenmixedwithearlybroodingthenlarvalstages.
Eggscentrolecithalbutamountofyolkvaries(sodoescleavage).

Naupliuslarva

HowdoArthropodsreproduceanddevelop?
Parasiticlifestyles

Fig.16.16

Fig.16.25

Rhizocephalanbarnalces