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Chapter1:General conception
Fz = Cz ( zk - cos )
[19]
Chapter 3: Suspension
Suspension springing and damping operate
chiefly on the vertical oscillations of the vihecle.
Driving comfort (loads on passengers and cargo)
and operating safety (distribution of forces
against the road surface as wheel-load factors
fluctuate) are determined by the suspension.
3.1 Kinematic relation:
B. Coil springs:
Siffness of the coil spring : C = Gd4 / 8nD3
with D is average diameter, d is a diameter of
spring wire, n is sum of spring rings, G elactic
modyn of material. Stiffness wil be constant
when keeping constant parameters of the
formular.
In case of changing of load but The air volume is maintained constantly (of cause
the air mass will be increasing) then V0 =V1. and we have:
C0/c1 = ( Fz0 + pmt .S) / (Fz1 + pmt .S)
The ratio of The natural angular frequencies will be:
0 / 1 = [( Fz0 + pmt .S) / (Fz1 + pmt .S)] (Fz1/Fz0]1/2 1 [23]
So we can say that when increasing of load and maintaining of constantly volume
then the natural angular fryquency of system will be nearly constant.
b. Hydropneumatic spring
.
Diagram of a hydropneumatic spring is plotted in
the figure 3.6: the piston forcing on liquid and
transmiting pressure to the air space. The air mass is
not changed in operating and the area of the piston is
constant. The operating pressure in static load is
relatively great about from 2 to 10 Mpa.
we can
calculate volumes Vh1 = Vh0 Sh. z1 ; Vd1 =
Vd0 + Sd z1 and the stiffness of the spring
C1 = Fz1/z1.
C. Air spring:
Theoretically we can have an any characteristics of
the air spring. Practically, Characterictics of this spring
is determained by test and supplied by manufactory.
3.4
Hydrolic damper:
eccentric b:eccentric
2
Here is resistance coefficient, is fluid density
( about 900 kg/m2), W [m/s] is fluid speed in slots.
If Q = v.S [m3/s] is fluid flow pressed throught
slot with v[m/s] called damping speed, S called cross
section area then W = Q/Ss with Ss is slot area.
Damping characteristics:
We know that damping force Ft = St . p
with St = const is cross section area of
the piston; p = f( Q) = f( .) so Ft = f(.)
= K... Coefficient K is called damping
resistance coefficient)
1 = 2 c M b
M2 a=
2 c
2