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Wound
Medico-legally include any lesion,external
or internal,caused by violence,with or
without breach of continuity of skin.
Mechanical Injuries
Are those,which are caused by the physical
Abrasions
Injuries involving superficial layers of the skin and are
caused by
-Impact of an object.
-Fall on rough surface.
-Pressure of finger nails,teeth,muzzle of
a gun or by rope.
Abrasion
Tangential
(friction/sliding/scrape)
Linear
(scratch)
Compression
(crushing/pressure)
Brush
Patterned
Non-Patterned
(graze)
Impact
Contact
Age of abrasion
Recent abrasion appears bright red scab 12-24 hrs.
Reddish brown scab 2-4 days.
Healing process starts 4-7 days.
Epithelium grows and dried scab falls 8-10 days.
Absence of infection.
Antemortem Abrasions
Reddish brown colour.
Margins are blurred due to vital reactions.
Postmortem
Abrasions
Yellowish in colour.
Translucent area.
Margins are sharply defined.
Absence of vital reactions.
Artifacts in
Abrasion
By Ants.
By Insects.
By Animals.
By Marine animals.
Medico-Legal
Aspects
Site of impact and possibility of internal
injury.
Identification of object causing the injury.
Cause of injury.
Direction of injury.
Time of injury.
Contusion/Bruise
Contusion is an infiltration or extravasion of
Features of
contusion
Varies in sizes-Haematoma.
Superficial contusions are slightly raised over the
skin.
May not be present at site of the impact.
Superficial contusions appear soon with red colour.
Deeper contusion appear late,can be detected by
infra red photography.
Contusions over bony prominences are less visible
externally.
contusion
Site of injury.
Vascularity of the part.
Age.
Sex.
Colour of the skin.
Nature of disease.
Shifting of blood due to gravity.
Colour changes in
the contusion
Colour changes in the contusion is due to
Age of the
contusion
Colour changes.
Histologically.
Healing process depends on:
Antemortem
contusion
Sharp,well defined margins.
Swelling of the tissues.
Discoloration of the skin.
Extravasation of blood into the true skin and
subcutaneous tissue.
Doubtful cases-Microscopic examination.
Postmortem
contusion
Can be produced with in 1-2 hrs after death.
If body is decomposed it is difficult to
Self inflicted
contusion
Rare-can be inflicted by irritant substances
Homicidal
contusion
Shape and size of contusion,indicates the
weapon used.
Accidental
contusion
Their position,arrangement,circumstances
and surroundings.
Medico-Legal
Aspects
Identification of the object.
Degree of violence.
Cause of injury.
Time of injury.
Laceration
wounds/Injuries
These are the wounds caused by the blunt
Features of the
lacerated wounds
Edges are ragged,irregular and contused.
Margins are abraded due to impact of blunt force.
Deep tissues are crushed.
Hair bulbs are crushed.
Less bleeding due to crushing of underneath vessels.
Presence of foreign materials.
Shape-Irregular.
Size-May or may not correspond to the weapon.
Margins-Irregular
Floor-Tags of tissue seen across the floor.
Damage to the tissue-Gross and extensive.
Haemorrhage-Less because of crushing of
vessels.
Foreign substances at the site of injurydust,mud,gravels etc.
Healing-Process delayed due to gross damage
and infection.
Scars-Due to damage to skin and tissue.
Types of lacerated
wounds
Split laceration:
Found in pats overlying bones-scalp,face,hands
Stretch laceration:
Due to over stretching of skin and produces
flap.
Due to blunt tangential impact-when head
strikes on the wind screen of the vehicle.
Due to sudden deformity of bones after
fractures.
Avulsion wound:
Degloving of skin over the impacted area
Tears laceration:
Due to friction with irregular or pointed end
Cut laceration:
This type of lacerated wound is produce by
Medico-Legal
importance
Homicidal-occurs in any part of the
Incised wounds
Its produced by sharp cutting instruments-
knife,razor,blade,swords,chopper,axe etc.
Features:
Edges are regular,clear cut, retracted and averted.
Except in neck and scrotum-edges are inverted.
Spindle shaped wound,maximum widening in the
central part.
Length is greater than the breadth.
Breadth is greater than the thickness of the
cutting blade.
be identified.
Light sharp cutting weapons-razor blades,knife
an produce incised wounds by striking,drawing
or by sawing.
Drawing cuts-Deeper at start,gradually become
shallow and at the end only skin is cut with
scratch Tailing of the wound
Medico-Legal
importance
Homicidal-Any part of the body, commonly on the
Weapon
Incised wound means use of sharp cutting
weapons.
Bevelled cuts and chop wounds suggest use
of heavy or moderately heavy sharp cutting
weapons.
Defence wounds
Defence wounds result from the immediate and
own body.
Fabricated wounds-produced by a person on his
own body or others body with consent. (fictitious,
forged or invented)
To charge an enemy with assault or attempted
murder.
To aggravate a simple injury.
an enemy.
Stab wound\Punctured
wound
These are the deep wounds produced by the pointed
Features of punctured
wound
Length of the external wound should correspond
Concealed Punctured
Wound
These are punctured wounds produced by
Complications
Marked internal haemorrhage.
Infection to the wound due to foreign
materials.
Air embolism.
Pneumothorax.
Asphyxia due to inhalation of blood.
Medico-Legal
Importance
Shape of wound indicates the type of weapon.
The depth of the wound indicates the force of the
penetration.
Direction and dimensions of the wound indicate the
positions of assailant and victim.
Age of the injury can be determined.
Position, number and direction of wounds can give
clue for manner of production-Suicidal, Accidental,
Homicidal.
Fracture
Fracture of a bone is defined as
Direct Fracture
Focal fractures
Small force applied to a small area. Injury
to overlying soft tissue is minimal.
Eg-forearm and leg, where two bones lie
adjacent to each other. While defending
blows during an attack. Tapping
Fracture.
Crush fractures
It results from application of a large force
Penetrating fracture
It results from applications of a large force
Indirect Fractures
Traction Fractures
It results when a bone is pulled apart by
traction.
Eg- Transverse patellar fracture due to
violent contraction, of this type of fracture
due to sudden contraction of quadriceps.
Angular fraction
It occurs due to bending of bone. The
Rotational fracture
Fracture in spiral, when it is twisted.
Angular-Compression fracture
Here the fracture line is curved, with an
Medico-Legal
Importance
Fracture of a bone constitutes grievous