Course Content: 1 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN3167BEN30GLA1

Course Content
Radio Resource Management Overview

Parameter Configuration
Common Channels & Power Control
Load Control
Admission Control
Packet Scheduling
Handover Control
Resource Manager
HSDPA RRM & parameters
HSUPA RRM & parameters
HSPA+ features & parameters
Nokia Siemens Networks
RN3167BEN30GLA1
HSPA+ features & parameters:

Module Objectives
At the end of the module you will be able to:
List the mayor data rate boosters of HSDPA & HSUPA and explain their
principles
Explain how different HSPA+ features improve the spectrum efficiency
Describe the prerequisites and main parameters needed for the described
HSPA+ features
RN3167BEN30GLA1
HSPA+ RRM: Contents

HSDPA Improvements:
64QAM (RAN1643)
MIMO (RAN1642)
MIMO 42Mbps with 64QAM (RAN1912)
Dual-Cell HSDPA (RAN1906)
DC-HSDPA with MIMO 84Mbps & 64QAM (RAN1907)
Flexible RLC in DL (RAN1638)
Dual Band HSDPA (RAN2179)
HSUPA Improvements:
Frequency Domain Equalizer (RAN1702)

HSUPA Interference Cancellation Receiver (RAN1308)
HSUPA 16QAM (RAN1645)
Flexible RLC in UL (RAN1910)
HSUPA Downlink Physical Channel Power Control (RAN971)
RN3167BEN30GLA1
HSPA+ RRM: Contents

Other features:
Continuous Packet Connectivity CPC (RAN1644)

CS Voice over HSPA (RAN1689)
Fast Dormancy (RAN2136)
Fast Dormancy Profiling (RAN2451)
Multi-Band Load Balancing MBLB (RAN2172)
High Speed Cell_FACH (DL) (RAN1637)
High Speed Cell_FACH (RAN1913)
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Multicarrier HSPA Evolution in Release 9/10 & beyond
3GPP Rel. 7 UE can receive and transmit only on 1 frequency even if

the operator has total 3-4 frequencies
Uplink
1 x 5 MHz
Downlink
1 x 5 MHz
Rel. 8 brought DC-HSDPA, Rel. 9 defined DC-HSUPA

Further Releases will bring multicarrier HSDPA & HSUPA which
allows UE to take full benefit of the operators spectrum
Uplink
Downlink
42 x 5 MHz
48 x 5 MHz
RN3167BEN30GLA1
HSPA Data Rate Evolution
HSPA has data rate evolution beyond 100 Mbps

RU20 / RU30 / RU40 / RU50
3GPP R5
3GPP R6
3GPP R7
3GPP R8
42 Mbps
3GPP R9
84 Mbps
3GPP R10 3GPP R11

168 Mbps
336 Mbps
8-carrier
4-carrier
HSDPA
14 Mbps
14 Mbps
DC-HSDPA, DC-HSDPA HSDPA
+ 64QAM
64QAM or
+ 64QAM + 64QAM
+ 64QAM
k
+ MIMO + MIMO + MIMO (2x2)
n
li
16QAM
n
w
o
D
MIMO
or
(2x2)
+ MIMO
(2x2)
4-carrier
(2x2)
(2x2)
HSDPA
+ 64QAM
+ MIMO (4x4)
0.4
Mbps
21-28
Mbps
5.8
Mbps
11 Mbps
16QAM
Uplink
6
RN3167BEN30GLA1
11 Mbps
16QAM
23
Mbps
23
Mbps
70
Mbps
DC-HSUPA
DC-HSUPA + 64QAM
DC-HSUPA
+ 16QAM + MIMO (2x2)
+ 16QAM
HSPA+ RRM: Contents

HSDPA Improvements:
64QAM (RAN1643)
MIMO
MIMO 42Mbps with 64QAM
Dual-Cell HSDPA
DC-HSDPA with MIMO 84Mbps & 64QAM
Flexible RLC in DL
Dual Band HSDPA
HSUPA Improvements
Other features
RN3167BEN30GLA1
64QAM: RAN1643
HSDPA64QAMAllowed
Modulation Coding rate 15 codes

Modulation Coding rate 15 codes
WCEL; 0 (Disabled), 1 (Enabled)

QPSK
QPSK
64QAM
6 bits/symbol
16QAM
16QAM
64QAM
64QAM
1/4
1/4
1.8 Mbps
1.8 Mbps
2/4
2/4
3.6 Mbps
3.6 Mbps
3/4
3/4
5.4 Mbps
5.4 Mbps
2/4
2/4
7.2 Mbps
7.2 Mbps
3/4
3/4
10.8 Mbps
10.8 Mbps
4/4
4/4
14.4 Mbps
14.4 Mbps
3/4
3/4
16.2 Mbps
16.2 Mbps
5/6
5/6
18.0 Mbps
18.0 Mbps
4/4
4/4
21.6 Mbps
21.6 Mbps
MIMO
support
Peak
Rate
optional Feature;
RNC License Key required (ON-OFF)
HSDPA peak rate up to 21.1 Mbps
UE categories 13,14,17 & 18 supported
optional feature for UE
Prerequisites:
Flexible RLC, HSDPA 14.4 Mbps,
Dynamic Resource Allocation, HSUPA
RN3167BEN30GLA1
HSDSCH
category
max. HSDSCH
Codes
min. *
Inter-TTI
interval
13
15
QPSK/16QAM/
64QAM
No
17.4 Mbps
14
15
QPSK/16QAM/
64QAM
No
21.1 Mbps
17
15
QPSK/16QAM/ 64QAM or
Dual-Stream MIMO
17.4 or 23.4
Mbps
18
15
Dual-Stream MIMO
21.1 or 28
Mbps
Modulation
64QAM: Channel Quality Requirements
good channel conditions required to apply / take benefit of 64QAM CQI 26 !

64QAM requires 6 dB higher SNR than 16QAM
average CQI typically 20 in the commercial networks
1/6
1/4
2/4
3/4
QPSK
no gain from 64QAM
0 Mbps
2/4
3/4
5/6 4/4
CQI > 15
CQI > 25
16QAM
64QAM
some gain from

64QAM
10 Mbps
RN3167BEN30GLA1
3/4
2/4
only available with

64QAM
14 Mbps
21 Mbps
64QAM:
CQI Tables
TS 25.214:
Annex Table 7d
Cat 10 UE
TS 25.214:
Annex Table 7f
Cat 13 UE
TS 25.214 Annex Table 7g

Cat 14 UE:
CQI29: 14 Codes; 32257 bit
CQI30: 15 Codes; 38582 bit
10
CQI
TB Size
# codes Modulation
CQI
TB Size
# codes Modulation
137
QPSK
136
QPSK
173
QPSK
176
QPSK
233
QPSK
232
QPSK
317
QPSK
320
QPSK
377
QPSK
376
QPSK
461
QPSK
464
QPSK
650
QPSK
648
QPSK
792
QPSK
792
QPSK
931
QPSK
928
QPSK
10
1262
QPSK
10
1264
QPSK
11
1483
QPSK
11
1488
QPSK
12
1742
QPSK
12
1744
QPSK
13
2279
QPSK
13
2288
QPSK
14
2583
QPSK
14
2592
QPSK
15
3319
QPSK
15
3328
QPSK
16
3565
16-QAM
16
3576
16-QAM
17
4189
16-QAM
17
4200
16-QAM
18
4664
16-QAM
18
4672
16-QAM
19
5287
16-QAM
19
5296
16-QAM
20
5887
16-QAM
20
5896
16-QAM
21
6554
16-QAM
21
6568
16-QAM
22
7168
16-QAM
22
7184
16-QAM
23
9719
16-QAM
23
9736
16-QAM
24
11418
16-QAM
24
11432
16-QAM
25
14411
10
16-QAM
25
14424
10
16-QAM
26
17237
12
16-QAM
26
15776
10
64-QAM
27
21754
15
16-QAM
27
21768
12
64-QAM
28
23370
15
16-QAM
28
26504
13
64-QAM
29
24222
15
16-QAM
29
32264
14
64-QAM
64-QAM
-2
30
25558
RN3167BEN30GLA1
15
16-QAM
30
32264
14
64QAM: Link Simulations

UE peak data rate increased to 21.1 Mbps (L1 - theoretical)
Max application level throughput ~17.9 Mbps (ideal channel)
64QAM is applicable for better radio conditions
11
RN3167BEN30GLA1
64QAM
Parameter Bitrate control
MaxBitRateNRTMACDFlow
can be used to restrict the maximum bit rate of NRT MAC-d flow.
The bit rate used in the reservation of the resources for the MAC-d
flow is the minimum value of 1) max. bit rate based on UE capability,
2) max. bit rate of the RAB, 3) activated HSDPA bit rate features and
4) the value of this parameter.
This parameter does not limit the maximum instantaneous bit rate on
air interface.
The value of the parameter is compared to the user bitrate of the NRT
MAC-d flow excluding MAC-hs header, RLC header and padding.
WCELRNHSPA; 128..2112083968; 128; 65535*
12
Features enabled
Suggested Parameter Setting
No license for HSDPA 15 codes
3456 kbps
10 / 15 codes
10 / 15 codes & 10Mbps per user
6784 kbps
9600 kbps
10 / 15 codes & 14Mbps per user

10 / 15 codes & 64 QAM
MIMO
DC HSDPA
DC HSDPA & MIMO
13440 kbps
21120 kbps
27904 kbps
42112 kbps
84224 kbps
RN3167BEN30GLA1
*65535 parameter does not

restrict the maximum bit rate,
but the maximum bit rate is
restricted by other limits.
Range & Default value
changed with RU30 to:
0128...83968 ; 128; 0 =
same meaning as 65535 in
RU20 (HSDPA peak rate not
limited by the RNC)
HSPA+ RRM: Contents

HSDPA Improvements:
64QAM
MIMO (RAN1642)
Dual-Cell HSDPA
Flexible RLC in DL
Dual Band HSDPA
HSUPA Improvements
Other features
13
RN3167BEN30GLA1
MIMO Principle (1/2)

Signal from jth Tx antenna
Sj
t1
u
p
In
Input
Input 2
Inp
ut
T1
R1
T2
R2
Tm
MxN
MIMO
system
MIMO
Processor
Output
Rn
MIMO: Multiple-Input Multiple Output

M transmit antennas, N receive antennas form MxN MIMO system
huge data stream (input) distributed toward m spatial distributed antennas; m parallel bit streams
(Input 1..m)
Spatial Multiplexing generate parallel virtual data pipes
using Multipath effects instead of mitigating them
14
RN3167BEN30GLA1
MIMO Principle (2/2)

Signal from jth Tx antenna
Sj
T1
t1
u
p
In
Signal at ith Rx antenna
h1,1
hn,1
h2,1
h1,m
h1,2
R1
Yi
MIMO
h2,2
Input
Inp
ut
hn,2
T2
Input 2
MxN
h1,2
h1,m
h2,1
h2,2
h2,m
hn,1
hn,2
hn,m
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Receiver learns Channel Matrix H

inverted Matrix H-1 used for
recalculation
of original input data streams 1..m
yi hi , j s j ni
j 1
15
Output
Rn
MIMO
h1,1
R2
hn,m
Tm
H=
h2,m
P
r
o
c
e
s
s
o
r
ni: Noise at receiver
MIMO: RAN1642
MIMOEnabled
RU20 (3GPP Rel. 7) introduces 2x2 MIMO with 2-Tx/2-Rx
Double Transmit on BTS side (D-TxAA), 2 receive antennas on UE side

System can operate in dual stream (2x2 MIMO) or single stream (Tx diversity) mode
WBTS: 2 Tx MIMO 2x2 enables 28 Mbps peak data rate in HSDPA
antennas
28 Mbps peak rate in combination with 16QAM
64QAM: no simultaneous support of 64QAM & MIMO (not yet)
1
m
a
Dual-Cell HSDPA: not possible to enable MIMO & DC-HSDPA in a cell in parallel
tre
2
s
m
a
t
a
Benefits: MIMO increases single user peak data rate,
Da
tre
s
a
t
overall cell capacity, average cell throughput & coverage
Da
UE categories for MIMO support: Cat. 15, 16, 17 & 18

UE: 2 Rxantennas
optional Feature (ASW)

RNC License Key required (ON-OFF)
Prerequisites:
HSDSCH
category
max. HSDSCH
Codes
min. *
Inter-TTI
interval
Modulation
MIMO
support
Peak
Rate
15
15
QPSK/16QAM
Yes
23.4 Mbps
16
15
QPSK/16QAM
Yes
28 Mbps
17
15
Dual-Stream MIMO
17.4 or 23.4
Mbps
18
15
Dual-Stream MIMO
21.1 or 28
Mbps
double Power Amplifier units & antenna lines per cell;

must be enabled: HSDPAEnabled, HSUPAEnabled, HSDPA14MbpsPerUser, HSDPADynamicResourceAllocation,
FDPCHEnabled, HSDPAMobility, FDPCHEnabled, FRLCEnabled; must not be enabled: DCellHSDPAEnabled
16
RN3167BEN30GLA1
MIMO
S-CPICH Power & Code allocation
MIMO enabled cell: S-CPICH is broadcast for DL channel estimation in UE

S-CPICH transmission power is controlled with existing parameter
S-CPICH tx power =
PtxPrimaryCPICH
UE must be able to estimate each of the 2 signals separately
-10..50; 0.1; 33 dBm
P-CPICH is broadcast along with data stream 1

S-CPICH (new with RU20) is broadcast along with data stream 2
SF 256 spreading code must be allocated in DL to support S-CPICH transmission
,0
S-CCPCH
HS-SCCH
H
H
PIC
PC ICH
C
C
A
P
C
P-
17
H
PIC
depending on
FACH / PCH
configuration
RN3167BEN30GLA1
E-RGCH
E-HICH
s
ms
2m IMO CH
10
H
H
M
P
-D
GC ICH
GC
F
A
A
E
ECP
S-
RNC checks following conditions, before

MIMO allocation to a UE:
MIMO 2x2 / 28 Mbps

Allocation of MIMO for a UE
Start
(if at least one of the conditions is false during

active MIMO allocation, MIMO will be deactivated)
MIMO Parameter Enabled

optional
feature for
UE
no
WCEL; 0 (Disabled),
1 (Enabled)
yes
BTS is MIMO capable
MIMOEnabled
no
yes
UE is MIMO capable
no
yes
RAB configuration for UE allows MIMO
no
yes
Streaming RAB state changes to inactive
no
yes
FDPCHEnabled
WCEL; 0 (Disabled),
1 (Enabled)
FRLCEnabled
WCEL; 0 (Disabled),
1 (Enabled)
SRB* can be mapped to HSPA (F-DPCH)
no
yes
MAC-ehs can be allocated (Flexible RLC)
no
yes
yes allocate MIMO
no do not allocate MIMO

* i.e. SRB must be mapped to HSPA
18
RN3167BEN30GLA1
MIMO: Layering & Mobility

Layering:
RU20 MIMO supports following site configurations:
1/1/1
2/2/2
3/3/3
more than one MIMO layer not possible in RU20.
Mobility
Once allocated to a UE, MIMO will be kept also during
mobility procedures
Service Cell Change can be used to allocate / de-allocated
MIMO for a UE
If target cell is not supporting MIMO or MIMO can not be
enabled, RNC deactivates MIMO for the UE
Compressed Mode is started for a UE having MIMO
allocated
MIMO Mobility over Iur interface NOT supported in RU20
19
RN3167BEN30GLA1
MIMO
Layer
MIMO 2x2 / 28 Mbps

Performance
mean cell throughput vs.
various scheduling schemes
Single-stream
UE throughput at the Cell Edge,

middle of the cell & cell center
Dual-stream
Single-stream
CLM: Closed Loop Mode; Single-Stream with Rx- & Tx-Diversity
20
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Dual-stream
HSPA+ RRM: Contents

HSDPA Improvements:
64QAM
MIMO
MIMO 42Mbps with 64QAM (RAN1912)
Dual-Cell HSDPA
Flexible RLC in DL
Dual Band HSDPA
HSUPA Improvements
Other features
21
RN3167BEN30GLA1
RAN1912: MIMO 42Mbps with 64QAM

64QAM
6 bits/symbol
1 Da
ta st
ream
2x2 MIMO & 64QAM

up to 42 Mbps
WBTS: 2 Txantennas
1
m
a
tre
s
m2
ta
a
a
e
D
str
a
t
Da
2x2 MIMO
MIMOWith64QAMUsage
Basics:
optional Feature; RNC License Key required (ON-OFF)
RU20 enables either 2x2 MIMO (RAN1642) or 64QAM (RAN1643)
RU30 enables simultaneous 2x2 MIMO and 64QAM operation (RAN1912)
Peak Rates: up to 2 x 21 Mbps = 42 Mbps
HSmax. HSMIMO
3GPP Rel. 8
Peak
DSCH
DSCH
Modulation suppor
Rate
new UE Categories: 19, 20
category
Codes
t
Requirements
Flexible RLC, F-DPCH, MIMO 28 Mbps, HSDPA 64QAM
22
RN3167BEN30GLA1
19
15
QPSK/16QA
M/ 64QAM
Yes
35.3 Mbps
20
15
QPSK/16QA
M/ 64QAM
Yes
42.2 Mbps
Allocating MIMO 42Mbps with 64QAM

64QAM is allocated with MIMO whenever possible
Switching can occur when conditions change, i.e. when it becomes possible
to support MIMO with 64QAM, or when it is no longer possible to support
MIMO with 64QAM
The conditions required to support MIMO 42Mbps with 64QAM are:
it must be possible to support MIMO

it must be possible to support HSDPA 64QAM
The WCEL MIMOWith64QAMUsage parameter must be set to enabled
The BTS and UE must support simultaneous use of MIMO and 64QAM
If MIMO with 64QAM is not possible but MIMO without 64QAM, or 64QAM
without MIMO is possible, MIMO shall be preferred
23
RN3167BEN30GLA1
HSPA+ RRM: Contents

HSDPA Improvements:
64QAM
MIMO
Dual-Cell HSDPA (RAN1906)
Flexible RLC in DL
Dual Band HSDPA
HSUPA Improvements
Other features
24
RN3167BEN30GLA1
DC-HSDPA Principles (1/2)

prior to 3GPP Release 8, HSDPA channel bandwidths limited to 5 MHz
Dual-Cell HSDPA: 3GPP Rel. 8 allows 2 adjacent channels to be combined
effective HSDPA channel bandwidth of 10 MHz (RU20 feature)

3GPP Rel. 8: Dual Cell HSDPA can be combined with 64QAM but not with MIMO
(Release 9 allows combination with both, 64QAM & MIMO)
DCellHSDPAEnabled
42 Mbps HSDPA peak rate
Basic Approach
Dual Cell Approach
2 UE, each using 5 MHz RF Channel

Peak Connection Throughput = 28 Mbps
5 MHz
5 MHz
F1
F2
MIMO (28 Mbps), or

64QAM (21 Mbps)
25
RN3167BEN30GLA1
1 UE, using 2 5 MHz RF Channels

Peak Connection Throughput = 42 Mbps
10 MHz
F1
F2
DC-HSDPA & 64QAM

(42 Mbps)
DC-HSDPA Principles (2/2)

DC-HSDPA provides greater flexibility to the HSDPA Scheduler, i.e. the scheduler can
allocated resources in the frequency domain as well as in the code and time domains
Gains of DC-HSDPA:
1
er F
i
r
r
z ca
H
5M
r F2
e
i
r
r
z ca
H
5M
Channel conditions good

on both RF carriers

on RF carrier 1
F2
F1
F1
UE1
26
1) Improved Load Balancing

2) Frequency Selectivity
3) Reduction of Latency
4) Higher Peak Data Rates
5) Improved Cell Edge
User Experience
UE1
RN3167BEN30GLA1
F2
UEx

on RF carrier 2
F1
UEx
F2
UE1
DC-HSDPA: UE Cat & Requirements
RU20 (3GPP Rel. 8) introduces DC-HSDPA (RAN1906)

DC-HSDPA & 64QAM enable DL 42 Mbps peak rates
UE categories for DC-HSDPA support: Cat. 21, 22, 23 & 24
optional feature; requires long term
RNC license for specific number of cells
HSDSCH
following features must be enabled:
category
HSDPA (HSDPAEnabled)
HSUPA (HSUPAEnabled)*
21
HSDPA 15 codes (HS-PDSCHcodeset)
22
HSDPA 14 Mbps per User (HSDPA14MbpsPerUser)
HSDPA Serving Cell Change (HSDPAMobility)
23
Fractional DPCH (FDPCHEnabled)
24
DL Flexible RLC (FRLCEnabled)
Shared Scheduler for Baseband Efficiency
HSPAQoSEnabled must be configured with the same value
max. HSDSCH
Codes
Modulation
MIMO
support
Peak
Rate
15
QPSK/16QAM
No
23.4
Mbps
15
QPSK/16QAM
No
28 Mbps
15
QPSK/16QAM
/64QAM
No
35.3
Mbps
15
QPSK/16QAM
/64QAM
No
42.2
Mbps
in both DC-HSDPA cells

MaxBitRateNRTMACDFlow (def. 65535 = not restricted)
should be configured to allow the peak throughput
RU20: MIMO + DC-HSPDA must not be enabled for all cells belonging to the Node B
(MIMOEnabled); ;
RU340: MIMO + DC-HSDPA possible DC-HSDPA + MIMO possible in RU340
27
RN3167BEN30GLA1
* at least 1 of the RF carriers
DC-HSDPA: Requirements
SectorID = 1
DC HSDPA cells require:

adjacent RF carriers UARFCN
same sector SectorID
same Tcell value
SectorID = 3
SectorID = 2
RF Carrier 2
SectorID = 1
SectorID = 3
SectorID = 2
RF Carrier 1
DC-HSDPA: Tcell Configuration (I)

Tcell = 0
2+2+2 Node B with DC-HSDPA

requires:
each cell belonging to the same sector
must have the same Tcell value
Tcell values belonging to different sectors
must belong to different Tcell groups
Configuration requires 3 HSDPA Efficient
Baseband Schedulers
RF carriers 1 & 2 must be adjacent
Tcell = 3
RF Carrier 2
Tcell = 0
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Tcell = 6
Tcell = 3
RF Carrier 1
Tcell: defines start of SCH, CPICH, Primary CCPCH & DL Scrambling Code(s) in a cell relative to BFN
28
Tcell = 6
DC-HSDPA: Tcell Configuration (II)

3+3+3 Node B with DC-HSDPA
requires:
each DC-HSDPA cell belonging to
same sector to have same Tcell value
DC-HSDPA Tcell values belonging to
different sectors must belong to
different Tcell groups
Configuration requires 4 HSDPA

Efficient Baseband Schedulers
RF carriers 1 & 2 must be adjacent
Cells belonging to RF carriers 1 & 2
must be within the same LCG
Cells belonging to RF carrier 3 must be
within a further LCG
Tcell Groups
Group 1: Tcell values 0, 1, 2
Group 4: Tcell value 9
Tcell = 0
Tcell = 1
Tcell = 2
RF Carrier 3
Tcell = 3
Tcell = 6
Tcell = 9
RF Carrier 2
Tcell = 3
RF Carrier 1
LCG: Local Cell Group

29
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Tcell = 6
Tcell = 9
DC-HSDPA: HSDPA Scheduler
A single HSDPA shared scheduler for baseband efficiency is required per DC-HSDPA cell pair
3 HSDPA shared schedulers are required for a 2+2+2 Node B configuration with DC-HSDPA
Each scheduler is able to serve both HSDPA & DC-HSDPA UE on both RF carriers
Link Adaptation is completed in parallel for each RF carrier
HSDPA UE on f2
Shared Scheduler
per DC-HSDPA cell
pair
DC-HSDPA UE with
serving cell on f2
HSDPA UE on f1
DC-HSDPA UE with
serving cell on f1
30
RN3167BEN30GLA1
HSPA+ RRM: Contents

HSDPA Improvements:
64QAM
MIMO
Dual-Cell HSDPA
DC-HSDPA with MIMO 84Mbps & 64QAM (RAN1907)
Flexible RLC in DL
Dual Band HSDPA
HSUPA Improvements
Other features
31
RN3167BEN30GLA1
DC-HSDPA with MIMO & 64QAM

64QAM
6 bits/symbol
1 Da
ta st
ream
DC-HSDPA,
2x2 MIMO & 64QAM
up to 84 Mbps
Basics:
enables simultaneously: DC HSDPA, MIMO & 64QAM
MIMO uses Single Stream or Double Stream
transmission
DC-HSDPA uses 2 cells (in 1 sector) at same BTS;
same frequency band & adjacent carriers to a UE
64QAM 6 bits/symbol
Benefits:
higher Peak Rate: up to 2 x 2 x 21 Mbps = 84 Mbps
better Coverage due to DC-HSDPA & MIMO
More robust transmission due to MIMO & DC HSDPA usage
32
RN3167BEN30GLA1
WBTS: 2 Txantennas
1
m
a
tre
2
s
m
a
t
a
Da
tre
s
ta
Da
2x2 MIMO
c
Hz
M
5
F1
r
e
i
arr
2
er F
i
r
r
z ca
H
5M
Dual-Cell (DC-)
HSDPA

42 Mbps
42 Mbps
56 Mbps
MIMO + 64QAM
DB-DC-HSDPA + 64QAM
DC-HSDPA + MIMO
RASN1912 / 3GPP Rel. 87
RASN2179 / 3GPP Rel. 9
3GPP Rel. 9
max. Peak Rate

in RU340
84 Mbps
DC-HSDPA + MIMO + 64QAM
w/o
64QAM
both supported
by RAN1907
3GPP Rel. 9
Feature Enabling:
DC-HSDPA with MIMO 84 Mbps: optional feature;
but: w/o own license; required licenses:
RAN1642 MIMO (28 Mbps)
RAN1643 HSDPA 64QAM
RAN1906 DC-HSDPA 42 Mbps
DC-HSDPA + MIMO can be enabled w/o 64QAM

Peak Rate up to 56 Mbps
to enable Peak Rate = 84 Mbps

DCellAndMIMOUsage must be enabled &
MIMOWith64QAMUsage = 2
33
RN3167BEN30GLA1
DCellAndMIMOUsage
WCEL; 0 (DC-HSDPA & MIMO disabled),
1 (DC-HSDPA & MIMO w/o 64QAM enabled),
2 (DC-HSDPA & MIMO with 64QAM enabled)
MIMOWith64QAMUsage
DC-HSDPA: UE Categories & Requirements

Requirements
RAN1642 MIMO 28 Mbps
RAN1638 Flexible RLC

RAN1906 DC HSDPA
RAN1643 64QAM
RAN1912 MIMO 42Mbps +
64QAM
MaxBitRateNRTMACDFlow*
can be used to restrict max. bit rate of NRT
MAC-d flow
UE Categories
(3GPP Rel. 9; TS 25.306)
64QAM with MIMO

(w/o DC-HSDPA)
DC-HSDPA
(w/o MIMO, 64QAM)
DC-HSDPA with 64QAM
(w/o MIMO)
DC-HSDPA with MIMO
(w/o 64QAM)
HSmax. HSDSCH
DSCH
category
Codes
WCELRNHSPA; 0128... 83968 ; 128; 0

value 0 / 65535 (before): HSDPA peak rate
not limited by the RNC
Modulation
DCMIMO
HSDPA
support
support
19
15
QPSK/16QAM
/ 64QAM
Yes
No
35.3
Mbps
20
15
QPSK/16QAM
/ 64QAM
Yes
No
42.2
Mbps
21
15
QPSK/16QAM
No
Yes
23.4
Mbps
22
15
QPSK/16QAM
No
Yes
28 Mbps
23
15
QPSK/16QAM
/ 64QAM
No
Yes
35.3
Mbps
24
15
QPSK/16QAM
/ 64QAM
No
Yes
42.2
Mbps
25
15
QPSK/16QAM
Yes
Yes
46.7
Mbps
26
15
QPSK/16QAM
Yes
Yes
56 Mbps
27
15
QPSK/16QAM
/ 64QAM
Yes
Yes
28
15
QPSK/16QAM
/ 64QAM
Yes
Yes
* parameter value range has been updated

34
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Peak
Rate
70.6
Mbps
84.4
Mbps
DC-HSDPA: Mobility
Carr
ier f1
Hard
Handover HHO
Carr
ier f2
r f1
e
i
r
r
Ca
r f2
e
i
r
r
Ca
DC-HSDPA with MIMO can be maintained, activated or de-activated during mobility

Availability of DC-HSDPA with MIMO checked in target cell when SCC or HHO initiated
If DC-HSDPA with MIMO cannot be used in the target cell mobility proceeds without it:
DC-HSDPA or MIMO is used if possible, according to the parameter DCellVsMIMOPreference
If HSUPA IFHO can be used DC-HSDPA & MIMO is not be deactivated but is maintained
during Inter-Frequency measurements
If HSUPA IFHO cannot be used, E-DCH to DCH switch is completed before inter-frequency
measurements; DC-HSDPA with MIMO is deactivated at the same time
DC-HSDPA with MIMO is not supported across the Iur

S-RNC does not configure DC-HSDPA with MIMO if there are radio links over the Iur in the
active set
DCellVsMIMOPreference
WCELRNHSPA; DC-HSDPA preferred (0),
MIMO preferred (1)
defines whether RNC primarily activates DC-HSDPA

or MIMO for a UE, which supports both DC-HSDPA &
MIMO in case simultaneous usage of DC-HSDPA &
MIMO is not possible.
SCC: Serving Cell Change
35
RN3167BEN30GLA1
DC-HSDPA: Gain in Throughput & Coverage

Gain of DC-HSDPA &
MIMO compared to
SC-HSDPA:
Throughput: + 220%
Coverage: + 57%
More Throughput
Furthermore:
Some 29% more
subscriber can be served
more Coverage
SC-HSDPA: Single Carrier HSDPA

DC-HSDPA: Dual-Carrier HSDPA
TP: Throughput
36
RN3167BEN30GLA1
HSPA+ RRM: Contents

HSDPA Improvements:
64QAM
MIMO
Dual-Cell HSDPA
Flexible RLC in DL (RAN1638)
Dual Band HSDPA
HSUPA Improvements
Other features
37
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Flexible RLC (DL): RAN1638
included in RU20 basic software package no license

needed
HW Prerequisites: Flexi Rel2, UltraSite with EUBB
Flexible RLC used, if:
Cell Flexible RLC capable & enabled
UE supports Flexible RLC
AM RLC is used
HS-DSCH & E-DCH selected as transport channels
Dynamic Resource Allocation enabled
prior Rel. 7
PDCP
IP packet (max. 1500 byte)

segmentation
RLC
RLC PDU: 336 bit or 656 bit

16 bit RLC Header 4.8% or 2.4% Overhead
concatenation
MAC-hs
FRLCEnabled
RNCRNFC; 0 (Disabled), 1 (Enabled)
Rel. 7 Flexible RLC

no segmentation
adapts RLC-PDU size to
actual size of higher layer data unit
segmentation
TBS (depending on scheduling)

AM: Acknowledged Mode
38
RN3167BEN30GLA1
DL Flexible RLC
Background
Prior to Rel. 7: RLC layer segments high layer data units (IP packets) in RLC PDU
sizes of 336 and 656
336 is 320 net bit plus 16 bit RLC OH
656 is 640 net bit plus 16 bit RLC OH
On MAC-d layer did not increase Overhead

Data was passed directly to MAC-hs layer (MAC-d)
Several MAC-d PDUs were concatenated to form a MAC-hs data block

BTS selects proper MAC-hs data block size based on
available user date in BTS buffer and
radio conditions for that UE
With DL Flexible RLC the RNC adapts the RLC-PDU size to the actual size of the
higher layer data unit (IP)
maximum size of 1500 Byte is supported (IP packet length in Ethernet)
39
RN3167BEN30GLA1
DL Flexible RLC
Advantages
Major improvements with DL Flexible RLC

less processing in RNC & UE
higher end user application throughput
lower latency for packet access
Significantly lower Overhead
Much less padding bits
Lower risk for RLC stalling because of too small transmission windows
Overhead
IP packet size [byte]

40
RN3167BEN30GLA1
HSPA+ RRM: Contents

HSDPA Improvements:
64QAM
MIMO
MIMO 42Mbps
Dual-Cell HSDPA
DC-HSDPA with MIMO 84Mbps
Flexible RLC in DL
Dual Band HSDPA (RAN2179)
HSUPA Improvements
Other features
41
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Dual Band HSDPA: RAN2179
DBandHSDPAEnabled
WCEL; (0) Disabled, (1) Enabled
Included in RU40 application software package license required

HW prerequisites: Flexi rel.2
Can be used if: DC-HSDPA and HSPA Peak Rate Upgrade features are active
Brief Description:
This feature introduces for a single UE the possibility of using simultaneously two carriers
in DL that are situated on two different WCDMA frequency bands
Feature enables achieving 42 Mbps peak rate for user in DL (assuming 64QAM and 15
codes usage on both frequencies)
Comparing to single carrier case gives possibility to increase cell throughput
Feature is much similar to DC-HSDPA in function
Feature restricts single carrier usage in UL (DB or DC-HSUPA is not allowed)
Motivations and Benefits:

High Throughputs This feature enables throughputs as high as 42 Mbps.
Better Coverage Dual Band allows using two different frequency bands. For cases
where high coverage is needed, lower Band of the two can be used to enhance coverage.
Configurations flexibility This feature with carriers from 2 different frequency bands
allows more flexibility in spectrum assignments
42
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Dual Band HSDPA: With and Without the Feature
DC-HSDPA DL transmission options

2 x 5 MHz
f1
2 x 5 MHz
f1
f2
U2100
f2
U900
SC-HSDPA DL transmission options

5 MHz
f1
f1
U2100
U900
DB-HSDPA DL transmission options

2 x 5 MHz
f1
f2
U2100
U900
5 MHz
U2100*
U900*
43
With
With DB-HSDPA
DB-HSDPA feature
feature there
there is
is
possibility
possibility to
to establish
establish data
data connection
connection
with
with to
to different
different band
band at
at the
the same
same time
time
U2100*
U900*
RN3167BEN30GLA1
*Presented frequency bands are only exemplary detailed configurations options presented later on
Without
Without DB-HSDPA
DB-HSDPA feature
feature there
there is
is no
no
possibility
possibility to
to establish
establish data
data connection
connection
with
with to
to different
different band
band at
at the
the same
same time
time
HSPA+ RRM: Contents

HSDPA Improvements
HSUPA Improvements:

Dynamic HSUPA BLER (RAN2302)
Other features
44
RN3167BEN30GLA1
HSPA+ RRM: Contents

HSDPA Improvements
HSUPA Improvements:

HSUPA Interference Cancellation Receiver
HSUPA 16QAM
Flexible RLC in UL
HSUPA Downlink Physical Channel Power Control
Dynamic HSUPA BLER
Other features
45
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Frequency Domain Equalizer

Basics:
fdeEnabled
BTSSCW; 0 (Disabledfalse), 1 (Enabledtrue)
before RU30: Node B receiver based on RAKE receiver technology

RAKE unable to receive high data rates even in total absence of other cell
interference short spreading codes (SF2) vulnerable to ISI
RU30 introduces:
RAN1702: Frequency Domain Equalizer FDE
RAN1308: HSUPA Interference Cancellation IC
FDE can remove ISI, leaving other users of same cell & surrounding
cells to be main limiting factors for UL data rates
Interference from other users of the own cell can reduced by HSUPA IC
FDE is prerequisite for UL 16QAM (RU430)
RAKE
UL
Noise
PrxMaxTargetBTS
Power
4 Mbps
FDE
UL
Noise
PrxMaxTargetBTS
Power
removes ISI
enables higher
throughput
prerequisite for
HSUPA 16QAM
8 Mbps
FDE: Frequency Domain Equalizer
IC: Interference Cancellation
ISI: Inter-Symbol-Interference
46
RN3167BEN30GLA1

Challenges for UMTS receiver
47
Multipath delays --> handled by time delay synchronization

Phases of the multipath component --> handled by carrier phase synchronization
Amplitudes of the multipath components --> handled by amplitude tracking
RN3167BEN30GLA1

Only Rrake receiver was used in RU20 & earlier releases
RAKE delivers adequate performance for data rates below 2 Mbps; its main tasks are:
Identify the time delay positions at which significant energy arrives and allocate
correlation receivers, i.e. Rake fingers, to those peaks.
Within each correlation receiver, track the fast-changing phase and amplitude
values originating from the fast fading process and utilize them.
Combine the demodulated and phase-adjusted symbols across all active fingers
and present them to the decoder for further processing.
48
RN3167BEN30GLA1

FDE = linear equalizer + fast convolution
FDE (LMMSE) provides optimal linear estimate of transmitted signal accounting for both:
FDE is a combination of linear equalization & fast convolution.
Channel impact (fading)

Interference + noise
Convolution is relatively demanding in terms of computation
Convolution can be replaced by multiplication if completed in the frequency domain FFT
FDE reduces the effects of ISI arising from users own signal due to multipath propagation.
FDE applied to users with granted 2xSF2 + 2xSF4 (QPSK or 16-QAM) up to 11.5 Mbps.
signal
FFT
IFFT
pilot
Channel
estimation
MMSE filter
coefficient
calculation
Time domain
FDE scheme
(I)FFT: (Inverse) Fast Fourier Transformation
ISI: Inter-Symbol-Interference
LMMSE: Linear Minimum-Mean-Square-Error
49
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Despreading
bits
and
detection
Frequency domain

E-DPCCH boosted mode
ETFCIBoost
RNC; 0..127; 1; 1032
FDE sensitive to channel estimation => E-DPCCH boosted mode used for channel & SIR estimation
E-DPCCH boosted mode E-DPCCH bound to E-DPDCH power (not to DPCCH, as usual)
Starting from ETFCIBoost E-TFCI Default value, UE selects 16QAM & start to use boosted mode.
Boosted mode introduction to increase E-DPCCH power proportionally to high data rates. High data rates are
source of high self interferences boosted E-DPCCH useful for E-DPDCH channel estimation & demodulation.
not mandatory for UE to support E-DPCCH power boosting (requires Rel. 7 or newer UE)
UE indicates support of E-DPCCH power boosting within RRC Connection Setup Complete message
RNC signals E-DPCCH power boosting parameters to UE
non-boosted mode
boosted mode
50
RN3167BEN30GLA1
HSPA+ RRM: Contents

HSDPA Improvements
HSUPA Improvements:

HSUPA 16QAM
Flexible RLC in UL
Dynamic HSUPA BLER
Other features
51
RN3167BEN30GLA1

Basics:
reduces UL Intra-cell interference with non-linear Interference Cancellation IC

method called Parallel Interference Cancellation (PIC)
RAN1308: Basic PIC decreases interference from HSUPA 2 ms TTI users to

other UL channels
RAN2250: Enhanced PIC (RU450) decreases interference from HSUPA 2 ms

TTI users on each other
larger peak HSUPA data rates (also 16-QAM)
Improving FDE & HSUPA 16QAM (RU430)

Feature activated by BTS license key
IC users:
Non-IC users:
52
improved coverage e.g. for AMR calls existing in parallel with peak rate users
Users mapped on E-DCH with 2ms TTI for

which Interference Cancellation IC is applied
usually users with the highest power
IC users do not get any direct benefit from IC
(indirectly from lower Tx power of other users)
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Rest of 2ms TTI E-DCH users, all 10ms TTI

E-DCH users and all DCH users
Interference is reduced for non-IC users only
Basic Parallel Interference Cancellation (PIC) method
UL signal received with Rake Receiver or FDE technique
Turbo decoding obtain 2 ms TTI E-DCH signals
Decoded data used to reconstruct original 2 ms TTI signals (interference for other users)
Reconstruction includes turbo encoding spreading & modulation.
Cancel interference from 2 ms TTI user: Reconstructed signals are summed up & subtracted
from the original antenna signal non-IC users signal (residual signal)
Non-IC users signals are demodulated on the residual signal, benefiting from a lower
interference level improving cell coverage & capacity
UL signal from
antenna
Non-IC users
De-modulate
2ms HSUPA
Re-modulate
2ms HSUPA
IC users
2ms HSUPA
user data
De-modulate
other
10ms HSUPA,
DCH
user data
2ms HSUPA
Interference cancelled
Non-IC users signal
(Residual signal)
PIC: Parallel Interference Cancellation
53
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Enhanced PIC method

Basic PIC: IC users do not benefit directly from reduced interference
their signals are demodulated in parallel on the original antenna signal
Enhanced PIC (RAN2250):

demodulate IC users signals again after residual signal reconstruction for these
signals
(to gain from IC of Basic PIC).
Residual Stream Reconstruction RSR: individual residual signal generated for each
2 ms TTI user, adding its reconstructed signal to common residual signal.
Non-IC users
interference from 2 ms TTI users canceled from other 2 ms TTI users signals
2ms HSUPA
interference
cancelled
UL signal from
antenna
De-modulate
2ms HSUPA

RSR: Residual Stream Reconstruction
54
Re-modulate
2ms HSUPA
First stage
detected
IC users data
RN3167BEN30GLA1
De-mod
all others
Common
Residual signal
RSR
Individual
Residual signal
De-mod
2ms HS
10ms HSUPA,
DCH
user data
IC users
2ms HSUPA
user data
2nd stage detected
IC users data
Effect of IC / HSUPA scheduling with Basic PIC

Part of received total wideband power is cancelled
RTWP = PNoise + PR99 + P10ms + P2ms
Residual RTWP = PNoise + PR99 + P10ms + (1-) * P2ms
Achievable interference reduction factor highly dependent on:
Quality of signal that should be cancelled (2ms TTI UEs)
Data rate of UE to be cancelled
Radio channel of the UE: Multi-path profile, UE Velocity
RTWP
Residual
RTWP
BTS uses 2 scheduling targets

for HSUPA:
RTWP < PrxMaxOrigTargetBTS
Residual RTWP < PrxMaxTargetBTS
PrxMaxOrigTargetBTS
WCEL; 0..30; 0.1; 8 dB
PrxMaxOrigTargetBTS
PrxMaxTargetBTS
HSUPA 2 ms
PrxMaxTargetBTS
WCEL; 0..30; 0.1; 6 dB
HSUPA 2 ms
HSUPA
10 ms
HSUPA
10 ms
R99 users
R99 users
Noise
Noise
RTWP: Received Total Wide Band Power
55
RN3167BEN30GLA1
PIC pool & state

f2
f1
PIC pool:
set of cells within 1 BTS that are candidates for
f2
f2
f1
f1
cells in PIC pool

cells performing Interference
Cancellation
interference cancellation (IC)

supports up to 6 cells
3 cells may perform IC simultaneously
PIC pool configuration done by operator via BTS
configuration
max. 4 PIC pools per BTS
AssignedPICPool
AssignedPICPool indicates
WCEL; 0 (off); 1; 2; 3; 4
which PIC pool the cell belongs to
Basic PIC functionality takes fixed number of CE per
PIC pool: 48 CE
PIC-state of a cell in a PIC-Pool can be changed by
AdminPICState*.
PIC-deactivated, PIC-activated, PIC-automatic
PIC state change of cells with PIC-Automatic is
controlled by BTS
Cells with highest traffic shall be selected for IC
Cell are deselected for IC if traffic has decreased
AdminPICState
*There may be restriction in WBTS for changing the PICState. If

the change is not possible, then the PICState remains.
WCEL; 0 (ActivateEnabled), 1
(DeactivateDisabled), 2 (Automatic)
56
RN3167BEN30GLA1
HSPA+ RRM: Contents

HSDPA Improvements
HSUPA Improvements:

Flexible RLC in UL
Dynamic HSUPA BLER
Other features
57
RN3167BEN30GLA1
HSUPA 16QAM: RAN1645
HSUPA16QAMAllowed
WCEL; Disabled (0), Enabled (1)
Brief description of 16 QAM in UL

Dual 4PAM modulation is used (4PAM 4 symbols & 2 bits per symbol)
Variable SF2 for Bit Rate (BR) adjustment
Multicode operation is needed to maximise Bit Rate after max SF is used
(max 4 data codes in parallel when no DPDCH configured)
With W=3.84McpsSymbol rate=2W/SF2+ 2W/SF4=5760 ksps
BRmax=25760ksps=11520 kbps
Motivation & benefits
Using higher order modulation, more symbols can be transmitted, therefore
more bits can be assigned to each symbol, while the duration of symbol is
kept. This results in higher Bit Rate.
Most beneficial with low intra-cell interferences.
Interference cancellation techniques are welcome to lower the intra-cell
noise.
Drawbacks
Reduction of the Euclidean distance between adjacent symbols. This
results in stricter requirement in SNR per symbol to achieve the same BER
RoT limit requirement rises high, as the own signal interferences from
16QAM are high. Therefore this feature is dedicated for micro, pico cells.
58
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Dual 4PAM
4 bits/symbol
HSUPA 16QAM: Spreading for E-DPDCH/E-DPCCH

Multi-code transmission
Eb
Ec
Es
SF=2
4 symbols
Cch,2,1
E-DPDCH1
4PAM modulation
mapper
SF=4
Cch,4,1
4 symbols
E-DPDCH3
ed,3
4PAM modulation
mapper
Cch,256,1
E-DPCCH
ed,1
ec
BPSK modulation
mapper
I+jQ
S
SF=2
Cch,2,1
4 symbols
E-DPDCH2
4PAM modulation
mapper
SF=4
Cch,4,1
4 symbols
E-DPDCH4
59
ed,4
4PAM modulation
mapper
Cch,256,0
DPCCH
ed,2
BPSK modulation
mapper
RN3167BEN30GLA1
= 16
symbols
=16QAM
HSUPA 16QAM: Switching Point to 16QAM

ECR vs RLC bitrate for 2ms TTI
Switch to 16 QAM when:
0.9
RLC Bit Rate>4000kbps (when Effective Code Rate

QPSK>0.712, then switch to 16QAM)
0.8
0.7
Switch
to
Switch 16QA
to
16QAM
M
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
Channel Bits per TTI vs RLC bitrate for 2ms TTI

2xM2+2xM4
Table 2
Table 3
0.1
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
RLC bitrate [kbps]
10000
16QAM:
2xM2 means 2*SF2 modulated with 4PAM
2xM4 means 2*SF4 modulated with 4PAM
12000
Code and Modulation Combination
ECR [-]
0.6
UE selects 16QAM when E-TFCI is >103 (Table2) or

>69 (Table3)
2xN2+2xN4
2xN2
2xN2 means 2*SF2 modulated with BPSK

2xN4 means 2*SF4 modulated with BPSK
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Switch to
16QAM
2xN4
N4
N8
N16
N32
QPSK:
60
Table 2
Table 3
2000
4000
6000
8000
RLC bitrate [kbps]
10000
12000
HSPA+ RRM: Contents

HSDPA Improvements
HSUPA Improvements:

HSUPA 16QAM
Dynamic HSUPA BLER
Other features
61
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Flexible RLC in UL: RAN1910

Included in RU40 basic software package no license needed
Can be used if: Flexible RLC in DL and Basic HSUPA are both active
Prior Rel.8
TCP/IP
header
Rel.8 Flexible RLC in UL

TCP/IP
header
TCP/IP Payload
TCP/IP Payload
MTU: 1500 bytes
MTU: 1500 bytes
RLC SDU
RLC SDU
MAC-es/e
headers
19 MAC-es/e
headers required
+ optional padding
RLC
PDUs
Paddings
19 fixed RLC PDUs

(656 bits each) required
per 1500 bytes IP packet
Control data = 3.72% of whole transport block
MAC-is/i
headers
When the transmission error occurs one small RLC PDU

needs to be retransmitted
One MAC-is/i
header required
+ optional padding
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Padding
One RLC PDU is

required per 1500
bytes IP packet
Control data = 0.27% of whole transport block
62
RLC
PDU
It corresponds to 93% drop of control data for typical IP

packet size of 1500 bytes
When the transmission errors occur one big RLC PDU
needs to be retransmitted
Flexible RLC in UL: Background

UE selects the E-TFC and TBS according to current grant on TTI basis
RLC operations (segmentation and concatenation) on RLC SDUs are performed to
fit maximum RLC PDU size
New MAC-is/i are introduced in order to handle flexible instead of fixed size RLC
PDUs
MAC-i is introduced in the UE and BTS
MAC-is is introduced in the UE and RNC
UE
RLC
RLC
MAC-d
MAC-d
MAC-i
MAC-is/i
Uu
63
RNC
BTS
RN3167BEN30GLA1
MAC-is
Iub
Flexible RLC in UL: Advantages

Relative overhead and padding depends on the number of used PDUs
For the typical IP packet size the relative overhead and padding is reduced from
3.72% to 0.27%, it relates to 93% of drop of control data
25%
Fixed RLC PDU
Relative overhead and padding
Flexible RLC PDU
20%
Length indicator
changed from 7 to 15
bits
15%
Relative overhead and

padding is equal to 3.72%
RLC PDU changed

from 336 to 656 bits
Relative overhead and

padding is equal to 0.27%
10%
5%
0%
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
RLC SDU size [bytes]
Cell throughput for UE categories VIII and IX is increased

Peak RLC throughput for UE categories VIII and IX is also increased
64
RN3167BEN30GLA1
1400
1500
HSPA+ RRM: Contents

HSDPA Improvements
HSUPA Improvements:

HSUPA 16QAM
Flexible RLC in UL
Dynamic HSUPA BLER
Other features
65
RN3167BEN30GLA1
HSUPA Downlink Physical Channel Power Control: RAN971

Included in RU40 basic software package no license required
Can be used if: Basic HSUPA, HSUPA BTS Packet Scheduler and HSUPA Basic RRM
are active
Brief description:
This feature introduces power control for following
CH
F-DP
CH
E-HI
GCH
E-R
CH
E-AG
downlink physical control channels:

E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel (E-AGCH)
E-DCH Relative Grant Channel (E-RGCH)
E-DCH Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (E-HICH)
Fractional Dedicated Physical Channel (F-DPCH)
Controlling the transmit powers of the HSUPA downlink control channels based on the
feedback received from UE
Motivation and benefits:

Reduction of average downlink power need
The coverage area for 2ms E-DCH TTI may be increased
Increased number of CS Voice over HSPA (RU20 72 users, RU40 128 users)
66
RN3167BEN30GLA1
HSUPA Downlink Physical Channel Power Control: RAN971

Prior to RU40
RU40 HSUPA Downlink Physical

Channel Power Control
Transmitted
Transmitted Power
Power of
of HSUPA
HSUPA Downlink
Downlink Physical
Physical
channels
is
controlled
through
Power
Offsets
channels is controlled through Power Offsets
between
between HSUPA
HSUPA DL
DL channels
channels and:
and:
CPICH
CPICH RU10
RU10
DL
DL DPCCH
DPCCH RU20
RU20 &
& RU30
RU30
E-AGCH
E-AGCH Power
Power Offset
Offset
Transmitted
Transmitted Power
Power of
of HSUPA
HSUPA Downlink
Downlink Physical
Physical
channels
channels is
is controlled
controlled dynamically.
dynamically.
Value
Value of
of Tx
Tx power
power is
is changed
changed and
and is
is
incremented
for
the
UE
which
are
at
incremented for the UE which are at aa bigger
bigger
distance
from
the
NodeB
distance from the NodeB
TX
TX power
power is
is controlled
controlled dynamically
dynamically
RU10
E-RGCH
E-RGCH Power
Power Offset
Offset //
E-HICH
E-HICH Power
Power Offset
Offset
Better common control channels power utilization

The saved power of the DL HSUPA control channels provides increased HSDPA capacity
67
RN3167BEN30GLA1
HSPA+ RRM: Contents

HSDPA Improvements
HSUPA Improvements:

HSUPA 16QAM
Flexible RLC in UL
Dynamic HSUPA BLER (RAN2302)
Other features
68
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Dynamic HSUPA BLER: RAN2302

Without
Without the
the Dynamic
Dynamic HSUPA
HSUPA BLER
BLER
feature
feature the
the BLER
BLER target
target evaluation
evaluation is
is the
the
same
same regardless
regardless to:
to:
UE
UE -- BTS
BTS distance
distance (cell
(cell edge
edge // close
close to
to the
the
BTS)
BTS)
Bursty
Bursty // continuous
continuous data
data transmission
transmission
HSUPADynBLEREnabled
With
With the
the Dynamic
Dynamic HSUPA
HSUPA BLER
BLER feature
feature
the
the BLER
BLER target
target is
is optimized
optimized for
for different
different
user
user scenarios
scenarios and
and radio
radio conditions:
conditions:
Close
Close to
to BTS:
BTS: optimizing
optimizing BLER
BLER to
to get
get peak
peak
rates
rates
Cell
Cell edge
edge continuous
continuous data
data transmission:
transmission:
optimizing
optimizing radio
radio coverage
coverage and
and cell
cell capacity
capacity
Bursty
Bursty traffic:
traffic: optimizing
optimizing latency
latency
A
UP
S
H
HSUPA
H
SU
PA
A
UP
S
H
10%BLER
10%BLER
10%BLER
69
RN3167BEN30GLA1
10%BLER
after 1st
NACK
HSUP
A
OLPC
OLPC algorithm
algorithm (RNC)
(RNC) enhancement
enhancement
Support
Support for
for different
different BLER
BLER targets
targets
adapted
adapted
to
to current
current radio
radio transmission
transmission conditions
conditions
1%BLER
HSPA+ RRM: Contents

HSDPA Improvements
HSUPA Improvements
Other features:
70

RN3167BEN30GLA1
HSPA+ RRM: Contents

HSDPA Improvements
HSUPA Improvements
Other features:
71

CS Voice over HSPA
Fast Dormancy
Fast Dormancy Profiling
Multi-Band Load Balancing MBLB
High Speed Cell_FACH (DL)
High Speed Cell_FACH
RN3167BEN30GLA1
CPC: Continuous Packet Connectivity

Introduction
Discontinuous UL DPCCH Transmission & Reception during UE UL traffic inactivity
(UL DPCCH gating + DRX at BTS)
CPCEnabled
CQI reporting reduction (switched from periodical to synchronized with DPCCH burst)
RNCWCEL; 0 (Disabled),
Stopping E-DPCCH detection at NodeB during DPCCH inactivity
1 (Enabled)
Discontinuous DL Reception (DRX at UE)

Stop receiving HS-SCCH, E-AGCH & E-RGCH when not needed
Faster response times

Increased number of low activity packet users in CELL_DCH state
Motivation / Benefits:
Increased capacity for low data rate applications
Longer battery life
72
Network:
optional feature; ON-OFF RNC License
Prerequisites:
UE must support CPC
F-DPCH enabled
RN3167BEN30GLA1
CPC Sub-features:
UL DPCCH Gating (UL DTX)
CQI Reporting reduction
Discontinuous UL Reception (MAC
DTX)
Discontinuous DL Reception (DL DRX)
CPC: UL Gating (UL DTX)

UL Gating (UL DTX): reduces UL control channel (DPCCH) overhead
no data to sent on E-DPDCH or HS-DPCCH UE switchs off UL DPCCH
DPCCH Gating is precondition for other 3 sub-features
Rel99 Service
Voice (20ms)
Rel6 Voice 2ms

(Rel6 VoIP)
Rel7 Voice 2ms
(Rel7 VoIP)
UL DPCCH Gating
73
DPDCH
DPCCH
E-DPDCH
DPCCH
E-DPDCH
DPCCH
RN3167BEN30GLA1
CPC: UL Gating
UL DPCCH Gating (UL DTX)
UE specific Packet Scheduler provides CPC parameters

These are service & UL TTI specific & part of parameter groups
Voice 2ms, 10ms; RNCRNHSPA: CPCVoice10msTTI, CPCVoice2msTTI

Streaming 2ms, 10ms; RNCRNHSPA: CPCStreaming10msTTI, CPCStreaming2msTTI
Interactive, Background 2ms, 10ms; RNCRNHSPA: CPCNRT10msTTI, CPCNRT2msTTI
Following parameters are parameters from CPCNRT2msTTI group (per sub-feature):
DPCCH Gating (UL DTX):
N2msInacThrUEDTXCycl2: number of consecutive E-DCH TTIs without an E-DCH transmission, after
74
which the UE should immediately move from UE DTX Cycle 1 to UE DTX Cycle 2. RNCRNHSPA; Range:1
(0), 2 (1), 4 (21), 8 (32), 16 (43), 32 (54), 64 (65), 128(76), 256 (87); default: 64 (65) TTIs
N2msUEDPCCHburst1: UL DPCCH burst length in subframes when UE DTX Cycle 1 is applied.
RNCRNHSPA; Range:1 (0), 2 (1), 5 (2); default: 1 (0) subframes
N2msUEDPCCHburst2: UL DPCCH burst length in subframes when UE DTX Cycle 2 is applied.
RNCRNHSPA; Range:1 (0), 2 (1), 5 (2); default: 1 (0) subframes
N2msUEDTXCycle1: UL DPCCH burst pattern length in subframes for UE DTX Cycle 1. RNCRNHSPA;
Range: 1 (0), 4 (1), 5 (2), 8 (3), 10 (4), 16 (5), 20 (6); default: 8 (3) subframes
N2msUEDTXCycle2: UL DPCCH burst pattern length in subframes for UE DTX Cycle 2. RNCRNHSPA;
Range: 4 (0), 5 (1), 8 (2), 10 (3), 16 (4), 20 (5), 32 (6), 40 (7), 64 (8), 80 (9), 128 (10), 160 (11); default: 16
(4) subframes
RN3167BEN30GLA1
CPC: UL Gating / DPCCH Gating

UL Gating, E-DCH 2ms TTI example: CPCNRT2msTTI
N2msInacThrUEDTXCycl2
CFN
10ms Radio Frame
10ms Radio Frame
RNCRNHSPA; 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256; 64 TTIs
10ms Radio Frame
Inactivity Threshold for UE cycle 2

E-DPDCH
Tx, 2ms TTI
no data on E-DPDCH
N2msUEDPCCHburst1
DPCCH
pattern
RNCRNHSPA; 1, 2, 5; 1 subframe(s)
N2msUEDPCCHburst2
synch reference
UE_DTX_Cycle_1
UE_DTX_Cycle_2
RNCRNHSPA; 1, 2, 5; 1 subframe(s)
N2msUEDTXCycle1
RNCRNHSPA; 1, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20; 8 subframes
UE_DTX_Cycle_2
N2msUEDTXCycle2
RNCRNHSPA; 4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 32, 40,
64, 80, 128, 160; 16 subframes
DPCCH with
E-DCH, 2ms TTI
cycle 1
2ms subframe
UE_DTX_DRX_offset is UE specific offset granted from BTS
cycle 2
switch to UE cycle 2
CFN: Connection Frame Number; used for any synchronized procedure in UTRAN
Pre/Postambles not shown here
75
RN3167BEN30GLA1
CPC: Reduced CQI Reporting

CQI Reporting reduction:
CQI Reporting Reduction reduce the Tx power of the UE by reducing the CQI reporting; this
means
to reduce the interference from HS-DPCCH in UL when no data is transmitted on HS-PDSCH in
DL
Reduced CQI reporting takes place only if the CQI reporting pattern defined by the last HS-DSCH
transmission and CQI cycle overlaps the UL DPCCH burst of the UE DTX pattern
N2msCQIDTXTimer: defines the number of subframes after an HS-DSCH reception, during which the CQI
reports have higher priority than the DTX pattern. RNCRNHSPA; 0 (0), 1 (1), 2 (2), 4 (3), 8 (4), 16 (5), 32 (6),
64 (7), 128 (8), 256 (9), 512 (10), Infinity (11); 64 (7) subframes
N2msCQIFeedbackCPC: defines the CQI feedback cycle for HSDPA when the CQI reporting is not reduced
because of DTX. RNCRNHSPA; 0 (0), 2 (1), 4 (2), 8 (3), 10 (4), 20 (5), 40 (6), 80 (7), 160 (8); default: 10 (4) 8
(3) ms; Note: Bigger CQI reporting cycles 10ms are not recommended.
76
RN3167BEN30GLA1
CPC: Reduced CQI Reporting

CQI Reporting Reduction reduces the CQI reporting when there
are no data transmitted on HS-DSCH for a longer period of time
N2msCQIDTXTimer
RNCRNHSPA; 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128,
256, 512, infinity; 64 subframes
HS-DSCH reception
CQI_DTX_TIMER
ACK/NACK
transmission
7.5
slots
CQI_DTX_Priority set to 0
CQI_DTX_Priority set to 1
Reduction of interference
from UL HS-DPCCH
Reduced CQI reporting
takes place only if the CQI
reporting pattern defined by
the last HS-DSCH
transmission and CQI cycle
overlaps the UL DPCCH
burst of the UE DTX pattern
DPCCH
pattern
UE_DTX_cycle_1
UE_DTX_cycle_1
UE_DTX_cycle_2
UE_DTX_cycle_2
UE_DTX_cycle_2
CQI transmission
CQI period 2ms
CQI period 4ms
CQI period 8ms
CQI transmission time defined by CQI period, but not overlapping with
DPCCH transmission no CQI transmission
N2msCQIFeedbackCPC
CQI Transmission
CQI feedback cycle (when CQI reporting not reduced)

RNCRNHSPA; 0, 2, 4, 8, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 ; 108 ms
77
RN3167BEN30GLA1
CPC: Discontinuous UL & DL Reception

(MAC DTX & DL DRX)
During E-DCH inactivity, E-DPCCH detection happens at the BTS only every MAC_DTX_Cycle subframes. It is
stopped at Node B after MAC_inactivity_threshold subframes of E-DCH inactivity. As a consequence, the UE
experiences a delay regarding the transmission start time. The UE-specific offset parameter UE_DTX_DRX_Offset
allows to stagger the processing of several UEs in time to save the BTS resources.
Discontinuous UL Reception (MAC DTX):
N2msMACDTXCycle: length of MAC DTX Cycle in subframes. This is a pattern of time instances where
the start of the UL E-DCH transmission after inactivity is allowed. RNCRNSHPA; Range: 1 (0), 4 (1), 5 (2), 8
(3), 10 (4), 16 (5), 20 (6); default: 8 (3) subframes
N2msMACInacThr: E-DCH inactivity time in TTIs after which the UE can start E-DCH transmission only at
given times. RNCRNHSPA; iInfinity (0), 1 (1), 2 (2), 4 (3), 8 (4), 16 (5), 32 (6), 64 (7), 128 (8), 256 (9), 512
(10) TTIs; default: Infinity (0)
Discontinuous DL Reception (DL DRX):
N2msInacThrUEDRXCycle: number of subframes after an HS-SCCH reception or after the first slot of an
HS-PDSCH reception, during which the UE is required to monitor the HS-SCCHs in the UE's HS-SCCH set
continuously. RNCRNHSPA; Range: 0 (0), 1 (1), 2 (2), 4 (3), 8 (4), 16 (5), 32 (6), 64 (7), 128 (8), 256 (9),
512 (10); default: 64 (7) subframes
N2msUEDRXCycle: HS-SCCH reception pattern (UE DRX Cycle) length in subframes. This parameter is a
multiple or a divisor of the parameter UE DTX Cycle 1. If the value is not allowed, the parameter value
minus
1 is used to calculate a new value, and so on. RNCRNHSPA; Range: 0.5 (0), 1 (1), 2 (2), 3 (3), 4 (4);
default: 2 (2)
subframes
78
RN3167BEN30GLA1
CPC: Discontinuous UL Reception

Discontinuous UL Reception (MAC-DTX) NSN implemented parameters
N2msMACInacThr
RNCRNHSPA; iInfinity, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128,
256, 512; iInfinity subframes
DTX
N2msMACDTXCycle
UE can transmit E-DPDCH data

only at predefined time instances.
79
RN3167BEN30GLA1
length of MAC DTX Cycle

RNCRNHSPA; iInfinity, 1, 4,
5, 8, 10, 16, 20; 8 subframes
CPC: Discontinuous DL Reception

Discontinuous DL Reception (DL DRX)
When the UE DRX is enabled, the UE may turn off the receiver when there is no need to
receive
anything in DL
The DL DRX can be enabled only in conjunction with UL DTX
N2msInacThrUEDRXCycle
UE DRX Inactivity threshold
RNCRNHSPA; 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128,
256, 512; 64 subframes
CCH
S
S
H
C Hs
S
D
P
HS-
DRX
N2msUEDRXCycle
length of UE DRX Cycle
RNCRNHSPA; 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4; 2 subframes
DL DRX
only with UL DTX !
N2msInacThrUEDRXCycle: number of subframes after an HS-SCCH reception or after the 1st slot of an HS-PDSCH reception,
during which the UE is required to monitor the HS-SCCHs in the UE's HS-SCCH set continuously; UE DRX Inactivity threshold;
RNCRNHSPA; 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512; 64 subframes
N2msInacThrUEDRXCycle: HS-SCCH reception pattern (UE DRX Cycle) length in subframes; RNCRNHSPA; 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4; 2
subframes
80
RN3167BEN30GLA1
CPC & Power Control

Power Control
New parameter introduced to control step size for DL Inner Loop PC
DLInLoopPCStepSizeCPC
RNCRNSPA: 0.5..2; 0.5; 1.5 dB
TPC
m
com
and
DLInLoopPCStepSizeCPC:
used by the WCDMA BTS to calculate the power increase/decrease step size when receiving TPC commands.
It is applied when CPC (UE DTX, etc.) is activated for the UE.
Note: If CPC is not used for a UE, BTS applies DownlinkInnerLoopPCStepSize
DownlinkInnerLoop
PCStepSize
RNCRNAC : 0.5..2; 0.5; 1
dB
81
RN3167BEN30GLA1
CPC: Extra-inactivity timer for

Transition from CELL_DCH to CELL_FACH
InactivityTimerUL_DLDCH
CELL_
DCH
UE
Node B
RNC
PDU Transport on the DCH/DPCH
RNCRNHSPA; structured parameters

Range: 0 .. 20 s; Step: 1 s; default:
for 8, 16 & 32 kbps: 5 s
for 64 kbps: 3 s
for 128, 256, 320 & 384 kbps: 2 s
All data sent &

RLC-U buffer empty
Inactivity detected
Start
InactivityTimerULDCH
InactivityTimerDLDCH
Radio Bearer Reconfiguration
CELL_
FACH
Radio Bearer Reconfiguration Complete
as soon as L2 in RNC indicated RB inactivity, RNC allocates extra inactivity timer to keep the UE in Cell_DCH
This depends on:
CPC is allocated for a UE or not (CPC or NonCPC)
UE Device Type RNC knows from UE capabilities
UE benefits / does not benefit from Power Consumption Optimization
(BatOpt / NoBatOpt)
82
Expiry
RN3167BEN30GLA1
InactCPCNoBatOptT: 180 s
InactCPCBatOptT: 90 s
InactNonCPCNoBatOptT: 0 s
InactNonCPCBatOptT: 0 s
all parameters: RNCRNHSPA; 0s..48h
& infinity; several steps;
HSPA+ RRM: Contents

HSDPA Improvements
HSUPA Improvements
Other features:
83
Continuous Packet Connectivity CPC

Fast Dormancy
RN3167BEN30GLA1
CS Voice Over HSPA (RAN1689)
HSPAQoSEnabled
RNCWCEL; 0..4*; 1; 0 = disabled
0 = QoS prioritization is not in use for HS transport
1 = QoS prioritization is used for HS NRT channels
2 = HSPA streaming is in use
3 = HSPA CS voice is in use
4 = HSPA streaming & CS voice are in use
Requirements
Network:
optional RU20 feature; ON-OFF RNC License
UE:
must support CSvoiceOverHSPA
optional feature in Rel. 7/8
QoSPriorityMapping
RNCRNPS; 0..15; 1; 14 for CS Voice over HSPA
Priority must be lower than SRB (15)
Priority must be higher than Streaming 13)
required Network Features:

HSDPA Dynamic Resource Allocation
QoS Aware HSPA Scheduling
CPC
F-DPCH
HSPA with simultan. AMR Voice
HSD
E-D
C
SRB must be mapped to HSPA

supported RAB combinations:
Speech CS RAB
Speech CS RAB + PS streaming PS RAB
Speech CS RAB + 1...3 IA/BG PS RABs
Speech CS RAB + PS Streaming PS RAB +
1...3 IA/BG PS RABs
Load based AMR selection algorithm not used

while CS Voice is mapped on HSPA
for Voice, SRB

& other services
Codecs supported for CS Voice Over HSPA:
AMR (12.2, 7.95, 5.9, 4.75), (5.9, 4.75) & (12.2)

AMR-WB (12.65, 8.85, 6.6)
* if HSPA streaming or CS voice is activated, then QoS

prioritization for NRT HSPA connections is in use, too
BG: Background
IA: Interactive
84
SCH
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Enabling the feature: CS Voice Over HSPA

Pre-conditions
85
CS voice over HSPA license exists & state is 'On

HSDPA with Simultaneous AMR Voice Call license exists & state is 'On'
HSUPA with Simultaneous AMR Voice Call license exists & state is 'On'
AMRWithHSDSCH & AMRWithEDCH: HSPA with Simultaneous AMR Voice Call
enabled
HSDPAenabled & HSUPAenabled : HSPA enabled in all Active Set cells
HSDPA Dynamic Resource Allocation license exists & state is 'On
HSDPADynamicResourceAllocation is enabled
QoS Aware HSPA Scheduling license exists & state is 'On
HSPAQoSEnabled is set to HSPA CS voice in all Active Set cells
CPC & Fractional DPCH licenses exists & state is 'On
CPCEnabled in all Active Set cells
FDPCHEnabled: Fractional DPCH enabled in all Active Set cells
RN3167BEN30GLA1
CS Voice Over HSPA

Efficiency
Two different voice transmission scenarios are being considered with IP:
VoIP UE connects with network as in standard Packed Data transmission and by using web
communicators a connection can be established
(hard to establish appropriate charging schemes)
CS voice over IP voice is being carried by HSPA transport channels transparent for the user
Assumed IP
Header
Compression
86
RN3167BEN30GLA1
CS Voice Over HSPA

Concept / Protocol Stack
In UL there is a so called Dejitter buffer implemented in RNC PDCP
used to align the UL data stream before routing to MSC or MSS system
In DL MAC-ehs is used to support flexible RLC PDU sizes
supporting different AMR rates
RAN
CS
Voice
over
DCH
CS
Core
CS Voice
over
HSPA
CS
Core
Dejitter
buffer
RAN
PDCP
TM RLC
UM RLC
DCH
HSPA
Inter system mobility between 2G & 3G is as today, the CS Voice Over HSPA is just RAN internal
mapping and it is not visible outside of the RAN. Handover signaling is not affected and RAN provides
the measurement periods for UE using compressed mode as today
AMR rate adaptation can be used to provide even higher capacity gains by lowering the AMR coding
rate
Voice related RRM algorithms like pre-emption are expanded to cover also the Voice Over HSPA
Air interface capacity gain of the feature depends on parameterisation of HSUPA including CPC
parameters, allowed noise rise and voice activity
87
RN3167BEN30GLA1
CS Voice Over HSPA

Admission Control:
CS Voice over HSPA connection
admitted if:
PtxNCTDCH + PtxNCTHSDPA + Pnew < PtxTargetTot

&& PtxNCTHSDPA + Pnew < PtxMaxHSDPA
PtxTargetTotMax
PtxMaxHSDPA
max. allowed
HSDPA power
WCEL; 0..50 dBm;
0.1 dB; 43 dBm
PtxCellMax
HSDPA PS streaming
PtxTargetTotMax
HSDPA NRT
PtxTargetTot
PtxTargetTotMin
PtxNCTHSDPA
HSDPA voice + SRBs

DCH PS streaming
DCH NRT
DCH RT + SRBs
PtxNCTDCH
(excluding PS streaming)
Common Channels
PtxNCTHSDPA: power used by HSDPA conversational services
PtxNCTDCH: power used by DCH services associated as NCT load
88
RN3167BEN30GLA1
PtxTarget
NCT Tx power target
for DCH
max. target pwr for NCT* load

WCEL; -10..50; 0.1; 4132767 dBm
Special value: Use of dynamic DL
target power is disabled
NCT Tx power target

for DCH + HSPA
PtxTargetTotMin
min. target pwr for NCT* load
WCEL; -10..50; 0.1; 4032767 dBm
Special value: Use of dynamic DL
target power is disabled
PtxTargetTot
is calculated always when
NCT* load services
are admitted
* Non-Controllable Traffic NCT: CS services & PS conversational services
Dynamic target power for NCT load

The min. & max. value for dynamic target power
for NCT load (CS services & PS conversational
services) can be set :
PtxTargetTotMin
WCEL; -10..50 dBm; 0.1 dBm; 4032767 dBm
PtxTargetTotMax
WCEL; -10..50 dBm; 0.1 dBm; 4132767 dBm
Rules:
PtxTargetTotMin PtxTargetTot
PtxTargetTotMax
PtxTargetTotMin PtxTargetTotMax
PtxTarget PtxTargetTotMin
PtxTargetTotMax PtxCellMax
Dynamic target power is used when in cell there are SRBs or conversational services (NCT load) mapped to HSDSCH transport channel. Dynamic target power varies between PtxTargetTotMin & PtxTargetTotMax depending on
the mix of services mapped to DCH & HS-DSCH transport channels.
However, NCT load caused by services mapped to DCH transport channels must still stay below PtxTarget.
Power margin between PtxCellMax & PtxTargetTotMax is needed to protect the already admitted services
mapped to HS-transport channels by giving time for the overload control to adjust PS DCH load before high priority
HS-DSCH load is affected.
PtxTargetTot is calculated whenever a NCT connection is admitted
PtxTargetTot = PtxTargetTotMax - PtxNCTDCH
PtxTargetTotMax
PtxTarget
-1
PtxNCTDCH: power used by DCH services associated as NCT load

NCT: Non-Controllable Traffic
89
RN3167BEN30GLA1
PtxTargetPS Target Calculation

The introduction of CS Voice over HSPA impacts the calculation of the target for PtxTargetPS
The original calculation in RAS06 was:
PtxTargetPSTarget = Ptx_nc + [(Pmax - Ptx_nc) x WeightRatio]

This calculation shares the power left over from non-controllable load between HSDPA & NRT
DCH connections
The calculation was updated in RU10 to account for HSDPA streaming:
PtxTargetPSTarget = Ptx_nc + [(Pmax - Ptx_nc- Ptx_hsdpa_stream) x WeightRatio]

The updated calculation reduces the quantity of power to be shared by effectively including HSDPA
streaming power as non-controllable power

The calculation is further updated when CS Voice over HSPA is enabled
PtxTargetPSTarget = Ptx_nc + [(Pmax - Ptx_nc- Ptx_hsdpa_stream- Pnc_hsdpa) x WeightRatio]

CS Voice over HSPA transmit
power
90
RN3167BEN30GLA1
UL Power Allocation: dynamic threshold PrxTargetAMR
PrxTargetAMR is used for the admission of UL

DCH & E-DCH, SRB & CS AMR connections
PrxTargetAMR shall be applied always, w/o
considering the activation of the feature CS voice
over HSPA.
PrxTargetAMR varies between PrxTarget &
PrxTargetMax depending upon the UL load of
data services
PrxTargetAMR is calculated by cell specific AC
inside RNC
NCT can always use power up to PrxTarget
Standalone SRB & CS AMR can be admitted
even if the NC interference power exceeds
PrxTarget as long as the RSSI is below
PrxTargetAMR
SCT load of the HSUPA & UL DCH streaming
services can take all power left from the NCT
load up to PrxTarget
DCH PS NRT services can use power up to
dynamic UL DCH target PrxTargetPS
HSUPA PS NRT services can take all power left
from all other services
PrxTargetMax
max. UL target power for CS
speech service allocation
WCEL; 0..30; 0.1; 465535 dB
PrxTargetMax
HSUPA NRT
RN3167BEN30GLA1
PrxTarget
HS/DCH CS AMR
DCH CS data
PrxTargetPS
DCH PS NRT
HSUPA PS streaming
PrxDataDCHNST
DCH PS streaming
other interference,
Noise power
NST: Non-Scheduled Transmission

SCT: Semi-controllable traffic
91
PrxTargetAMR
Semi-Controllable Load
Controllable Load
Non-Controllable Load
HSUPA Non-Scheduled Transmission NST
NST is used for the UL of CS Voice over HSPA

HSUPA TTI = 2 ms 1 HARQ process is allocated for the E-DCH MAC-d flow
EDCHMuxVoiceTTI2 & EDCHMuxVoiceTTI10 define whether or not other E-DCH MAC-d flow data
can be multiplexed within the same MAC-e PDU as CS Voice
The max. Number of Bits per MAC-e PDU for NST indicates the number of bits allowed to be
included in a MAC-e PDU per E-DCH MAC-d flow configured for non-scheduled transmissions
Generally the MAC-d flow of the SRB has higher SPI value, being prioritized over the CS voice in
the E-TFC selection
The max. SRB bit rate will be limited so that the at least 1 CS voice frame can always transmitted
together with the signaling when the max. puncturing is applied, for minimizing the CS voice delay
2 ms TTI is selected whenever possible, otherwise 10 ms TTI is used
The maximum target value for the RTWP in UL for CS speech service allocation:
PrxTargetMax
defines the max. target value for the RTWP in the UL resource allocation for the CS speech services. A dynamic
target of RTWP is applied in the resource allocation for the CS speech services and for the establishment of the link.
Dynamic target is the closer to the value of this parameter, the less there is PS NRT R99 data traffic and RT data R99
and HSPA traffic in the cell. Establishment of the stand alone signaling link or a single service CS speech can be
admitted in UL even the received non-controllable interference exceeds the value of the parameter "Target for
received power" so long as the RTWP keeps below the dynamic target value defined with this parameter.
WCEL: 0..30 dB; 0.1 dB; 465535 dB
NST: Non-Scheduled Transmission
92
RN3167BEN30GLA1
HSPA+ RRM: Contents

HSDPA Improvements
HSUPA Improvements
Other features:
93

CS Voice over HSPA
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Fast Dormancy: Background (1/2)

UTRA RRC Connected Mode
Smart phones with many applications, requiring frequent

transmission of small amount of data # (always-on)
To save battery power, 3GPP defines transition from states
with high power consumption (Cell_DCH, Cell_FACH) to
those with low consumption (Cell_PCH, URA_PCH)
approx. battery consumption in different RRC states:
Idle = 1 (relative units)

Cell_PCH < 2*1
URA_PCH Cell_PCH*2
Cell_FACH = 40 x Idle
Cell_DCH = 100 x IdleTypical terminal power consumption
URA_PCH
CELL_PCH
CELL_DCH
CELL_FACH
Idle Mode
300
250consumption [mA]
Power
200
150
100
50
0
URA_PCH / Cell_PCH / Idle Cell_FACH
Cell_DCH
depends on DRX ratio with Idle & mobility

*2 < in mobility scenarios, = in static scenarios
#
e.g. sending frequent polls or keep-alives
*1
94
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Fast Dormancy: Background (2/2)

Problem for UE:
many networks with rel. long inactivity timers for Cell_DCH
& Cell_FACH and/or PCH states not activated

URA_PCH
CELL_PCH
CELL_DCH
CELL_FACH
UE vendors introduced proprietary Fast Dormancy:

UE completes data transfer
UE sends Signaling Connection Release Indication SCRI
(simulating a failure in the signaling connection)
RNC releases RRC connection UE to RRC Idle mode

Disadvantages:
increasing signaling load due to frequent packet
connection setup (PS RAB),
large number of signaling connection failures
increased latencies
95
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Idle Mode
Fast Dormancy: Principle

3GPP Rel. 8: Fast Dormancy
modifying SCRI message; new cause value indicating
packet data session end
RNC can keep UE in RRC connected mode, moving it
into CELL_PCH/URA_PCH
UE battery life remains prolonged because power

consumption in CELL_PCH/ URA_PCH is low
Network again in charge of RRC state; clarification of
signaling connection failures
Reduction of signaling load & latency times

URA_PCH
CELL_PCH
CELL_DCH
CELL_FACH
Idle Mode
3GPP TS 25.331
10.3.3.37a Signalling Connection Release Indication Cause
This IE is used to indicate to the UTRAN that there is no more PS data for a prolonged period.
Cause value of
UE Requested
PS Data Session
End defined
SRCI: Signalling Connection Release Indication

96
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Fast Dormancy
FastDormancyEnabled
SIB1: T323
RNFC; 0 (Disabled), 1 (Enabled)

MSActivitySupervision
BTS
SCRI: UE Requested PS Data Session End
MSActivititySupervision
Physical Channel Reconfig. move to CELL_PCH
RNC; 0..1440; 1; 29 min
UE
RNC
RAN2136: Fast Dormancy (FD)
Basic SW; no activation required; enabled by default

MSActivitySupervision to be configured with value > 0 to enable PCH states
Enabling FD results in T323 being broadcast within SIB1
T323:
Inclusion of T323 within SIB1 allows UE to detect that network supports FD

Setting a min. delay between 2 SRCI messages for FD; prevents, that UE is sending a flow of SCRI
messages, if network is temporarily unable to move UE to a battery-saving state
T323
RNC; 0..7; 1; 10
s
(hardcoded)
Fast Dormancy - RNC Actions:

After receiving SCRI message with cause value UE Requested PS Data Session End:
FD functionality overrides inactivity timers
RNC instructs UE to make state change to CELL_PCH/URA_PCH
If RNC receives an SCRI message without a cause value then the existing legacy
functionality is applied & the UE is moved to RRC Idle mode
SRCI: Signalling Connection Release Indication
97
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HSDPA Improvements
HSUPA Improvements
Other features:
98

CS Voice over HSPA
Fast Dormancy
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Fast Dormancy Profiling: RAN2451

Included in RU40 application software package license is required
Brief description:
Identifies legacy Fast Dormancy phones which cause unnecessary signaling load
Provides with better network resources utilization due to shorter inactivity timers
Less signaling load because LFD (Legacy Fast Dormancy) Phones are being forced
to stay in Cell_PCH
Benefits:
Signaling load reduction on Iub, UU and Iu interfaces
Signaling load reduction in the RNC
Longer UE battery life
Overview: RAN supports Fast dormancy
Application has no more data to transfer
UE wants go to more battery efficient RRC
state
SCRI
RNC: Data session ended

RNC: UE move to more battery efficient state
99
RN3167BEN30GLA1
SIB1 contains info about T323
Go to URA/Cell_PCH
Fast Dormancy Profiling: Background

Legacy Fast Dormancy phone detection:
The UE is detected as Legacy Fast Dormancy phone (LFDphone) when network receives
RRC:Signaling Connection Release Indication without any cause
If the Fast Dormancy Profiling feature is activated then RRC state transition is performed
according to Fast Dormancy functionality
SCRI - without any cause
RNC checks if
the license is ON
If the license is available - Go to Cell_PCH
Handling the PS Connection Establishment:

The LFD Phone after sending SCRI without any cause may still silently goes to Idle
After receiving RRC: Initial Direct Transfer, RNC checks if Iu-PS connection already exists
If yes, then all existing PS RAB resources locally and the old Iu connection are released
New Iu connection is established for pushing RRC: Initial Direct Transfer to SGSN
RNC checks
if Iu-PS
connection
for this UE
already
exists
100
Iu
RRC: Initial Direct Transfer
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Fast Dormancy Profiling: Principle

Shorter Inactivity Timers for LFD Phone and Smartphones:
Shorter inactivity timers should be used for moving smartphones and LFD Phones to
Cell_PCH state - saving UE battery

It gives possibility to avoid unnecessary movement to IDLE_mode less signaling load
Higher Traffic Volume Thresholds for LFD Phone and Smartphones:

Higher traffic volume thresholds should be used for moving smartphones and LFD Phones
to Cell_DCH state
It gives possibility to avoid unnecessary movement to Cell_DCH only for sending keepalive message
Stored IMSI gives possibility to faster usage of higher traffic volume thresholds
101
RN3167BEN30GLA1
HSPA+ RRM: Contents

HSDPA Improvements
HSUPA Improvements
Other features:
102

CS Voice over HSPA
Fast Dormancy
RN3167BEN30GLA1

Brief description:
RU30 (RAN 2172); optional RAN feature; RNC level license
RU20 & earlier, Intra-/Inter-band Redirections/Handover:
Capability based redirection (e.g. HSPA/non HSPA capable UEs HSDPA/non HSPA)
HSPA capability based IFHO (pushes HSPA capable UEs to HSPA layers;
no load check in target cells before HO)
Load based HO (moves non-HSPA calls; HSPA load cant trigger load based HO)
New/extended in RU30: HSPA+ capable Inter-Band Handovers/ Redirections

Target cell selection can depend on:
UE capability & service,
frequency band,
target/source cell load,
UE distance from source/target cells.
Motivation & benefits:

Better frequency resource utilization, directing UE to different frequency bands/layers in multi-band
networks. Capability, service, load & distance based HO are now possible for HSPA+ between
e.g. UMTS 2100 & 900/850 cells
DCH/HSPA cell (band Z)
DCH/HSPA cell (band Y, RF2)

DCH/HSPA cell (band X)
103
RN3167BEN30GLA1

MBLB (RU30; RAN 2172) includes RAN2289 Blind IFHO in RAB setup phase.
MBLB can trigger in 4 different phases which all can be activated separately:
RAN 2172
Multi-band Load Balancing
a
RAN2289
Blind IF-HO
at RAB setup
Inactivity
triggered
either first RAB, or AMR RAB for a

UE which already has an NRT RAB
blind Handover
Layering in
state change
inactivity detected for last

active PS NRT MAC-d flow
IFHO with CM measurements
state transitions*: CELL_

FACH, URA_PCH or
CELL_PCH CELL_DCH*
Mobility
triggered
addition of cell to AS which has

different preferred layer def.
IFHO with CM measurements
IF-HO to higher prioritised frequency layer in same or different band

Each type can be enabled on cell level independently on others, by corresponding
source cell WCEL parameter (enabling in target cell not needed):
MBLBRABSetupEnabled
MBLBInactivityEnabled
MBLBStateTransEnabled
for all: WCEL; 0 (Disabled), 1 (Enabled)

* doesnt include transition from RRC Idle mode
AS: Active Set
104
RN3167BEN30GLA1
MBLBMobilityEnabled
MBLB: Blind IFHO & Layering in State Change modes

MBLBRABSetupEnabled

Redirection/Blind IFHO to
higher priority layer cell, at:
Connection setup OR
CTS FACH/PCH/URA DCH
MBLBStateTransEnabled
Layering in State Change
WCEL; 0 (Disabled), 1 (Enabled))
Enabling Blind IFHO at RAB

Setup
Blind IFHO & Layering in State Change extends existing redirection scenarios.
Both triggers utilize blind IFHO mechanism (w/o CM activation).
Target can be IF-neighbor in same or different BTS / frequency / frequency band.
IF-neighbour must have higher priority ( preference score) than source cell.
MBLB adds IF-RACH measurements to have target cell info before blind HO decision*.
Intra-freq. RACH measurement quantity (SIB11/11bis/12) to be modified from EcNo to RSCP.
RSCP is used as pathloss equivalence indicating UE position within a cell
RACHIntraFreqMesQuant
WCEL; EcNo (0), RSCP (1)
RSCP (Target Cell) must be > BlindHORSCPThrTarget
BlindHORSCPThrTarget
HOPIWCEL; -115..-25; 1; -95
dBm
CTS: Channel Type Switching
* requires UE Rel. 6 or newer
105
RN3167BEN30GLA1
MBLB: HSDPA Inactivity or Mobility triggered modes


HSDSCH

HSDSCH
CM IF-HO to higher priority

layer cell, on:
HSDPA
traffic inactivity
:
(instead CTS to FACH)
MBLBMobilityEnabled
Inactivity triggered
Mobility triggered
Extending event triggered scenarios (on HSDPA traffic Inactivity) & adding new HSDPA mobility
triggers.
Target cell can be any Intra-RNC, IF-neighbour cell (same/different BTS, same/different freq. band)
which is not in overload state1). It must have higher priority ( preference score) than source cell.
HSDPA Inactivity triggered when for UEs last active PS NRT MAC-d flow & corresponding UL PS
NRT DCH/E-DCH MAC-d flow can be released
Mobility triggered HO:
Adding new cell to AS (Event 1A/1C), with different preferred layer def. than the currently used.
Removing cell from AS (Event 1B/1C) which has preferred layer def. currently used by UE
SRNC relocation completed
UE detected to have high mobility (using criteria for URA_PCH)
1)
106
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Overload state is checked prior HO.
CTS: Channel Type Switching

HSDPA inactivity or Mobility triggered modes
MBLBRABSetupEnabled MBLBStateTransEnabled
RAB
Setup
MBLBMobilityEnabled
Inactivity
detected
Mobility
detected
State transition
to Cell_DCH
Fast Mobility
detected
Preference Score
1) Target cell is source cells ADJI with

BlindHOTargetCell set to Enabled
2) Cells in inter-frequency measurement report
PrefLayerWeight
own parameters for FM UE
BandWeight
RSCPWeight
LoadWeight
LoadWeight
Quality Criteria checking
Blind HO
Layering
IFHO with CM
BlindHOTargetCell
107
RN3167BEN30GLA1
ADJI; 0 (Disabled), 1 (Enabled)

Frequency layer priority - Preference Score (1/5)
Each carrier (& frequency band) used in RNS can be differently prioritised. Carrier/frequency layer
priority (preference score) is effected by:
Pref. Freq. weight: Selection of carrier preferred for configurations UE capability & used RAB
Band weight: RNC level selection of one preferred frequency band
RSCP weight: High &/or low band preference depending on UE distance from source cell
Load weight: HSDPA cell or carrier / freq. layer load preference (load balance / overload)
Each factor represented by weight is OAM configurable. Candidates for MBLB are IF neighbours on
freq. layer higher prioritised then source cell layer, in bands supported by UE
Not considered for non-HSPA UEs
or other with CS RAB in DCH cell
Not considered for fast

moving UEs
Freq layer priority = Preferred Freq +

(Preference Score)
weight
=
0
or
LaySelWeightPrefLayer
108
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Freq Band
weight
RSCP
weight
Load
weight
0
or
LaySelWeightBand
0
or
LaySelWeightRSCP
0
or
>=LaySelWeightLoad

Frequency layer priority - Preference Score (2/5): Preferred Freq. weight
Each combination UE capability Used/Requested Service may be redirected by Operator to preferred frequency.
E.g.: MIMO capable UE with NRT RAB should be redirected to frequency with MIMO configured cells.
Preferences are defined in new object PFL (Preferred Frequency Layer);
up to 8 carriers per UE capability-Used Service pair (PrefLayerXXX[1-8] = preferred RF freq.
UE Capability
Priority Order
Service/RAB parameters included to PFL object
CS Voice Over HSPA
PrefLayerCSHSNRT
PrefLayerCSHSStr
PrefLayerCSHSAMR
PrefLayerCSHSAMR&NRT
DC HSDPA + MIMO
PrefLayerDCMINRT
PrefLayerDCMIStr
PrefLayerDCMIAMR
PrefLayerDCMIAMR&NRT
DC HSDPA *
PrefLayerDCHSDNR
T
PrefLayerDCHSDSt
r
PrefLayerDCHSDAM
R
PrefLayerDCHSDAMR&NR
T
MIMO**
PrefLayerMIMONRT
PrefLayerMIMOStr
PrefLayerMIMOAMR
PrefLayerMIMOAMR&NRT
HSDPA 64QAM
PrefLayer64QAMNRT
PrefLayer64QAMStr
PrefLayer64QAMAMR
PrefLayer64QAMAMR&NRT
F-DPCH
PrefLayerFDPCHNRT
PrefLayerFDPCHStr
PrefLayerFDPCHAMR
PrefLayerFDPCHAMR&NRT
HSPA
PrefLayerHSPANRT
PrefLayerHSPAStr
PrefLayerHSPAAMR
PrefLayerHSPAAMR&NRT
HSDPA
PrefLayerHSDPANRT
PrefLayerHSDPAStr
PrefLayerHSDPAAMR
PrefLayerHSDPAAMR&NRT
R99
PrefLayerR99NRT
PrefLayerR99Str
PrefLayerR99AMR
PrefLayerR99AMR&NRT
e.g.
PrefLayerR99NRT
preferred RF freq. for UE
capab. RAB combination
PFL; 0..16383; 1; -0
109
PFL; 0..10000; 1; 0 (not used) 1000
PrefLayerXXX[1-8]
= preferred RF freq.
RN3167BEN30GLA1
0 = not defined
>0 (RF freq number)
Preferred Layer
weight
=
0

Frequency layer priority - Preference Score (3/5): Freq. Band weight
Operator can promote one frequency band among used by neighbours of source cell. The Freq Band
weight of candidate cell carrier is determined from its absolute RF number. Candidate cells in
promoted band are assigned with non-zero weight: LaySelWeightBand
PreferBandForLayering
Preferred UMTS band
RNMOBI; 0..51; 1; 0 (no band pref.)
Band
ID
Frequency band (DL range)
RF band I (21102170MHz) / IMT
RF band II (19301990MHz) / PCS
Band III (18051880MHz) / DCS
Band IV (21102155MHz) / AWS
Band V (869894MHz) / CLR
Band VI (875885MHz)
Band VII (26202690MHz) / IMT-E
Band VIII (925960MHz) / GSM
..
11
Band XI (1475.91495.9MHz)
110
ifif any
any band
band preferred
preferred
Freq.BandWeight
Freq.BandWeight (of
(of pref.
pref. band
band freq.)
freq.) == LaySelWeightBand
LaySelWeightBand
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Freq Band
weight
LaySelWeightBand
PFL; 0..10000; 1; 0 (not used)

Frequency layer priority - Preference Score (4/5): RSCP weight
Operator can prioritise IFHO to lower/higher band in case RSCP is below/above defined thresholds.
RSCP of source cell* is used as indication of UE distance from source cell. Close UE can be moved
to higher band (smaller cell range), while distant UE to lower band to improve radio link situation
BlindHORSCPThrAbove
PFL; -1215..-25; 1; 0 dBm (not done)
if RSCP (Source Cell) BlindHORSCPThrAbove

RSCPWeight (higher band freq.s) = LaySelWEightRSCP
RSCP of
source cell*
High Band (F2)
if RSCP (Source Cell) BlindHORSCPThrBelow

RSCPWeight (lower band freq.s) = LaySelWEightRSCP
Low Band ( F1)
These parameters can be used to optimize

frequency usage in case of co-located
multi-band cells:
UEs close to BTS allocated to a high band
Low band capacity used for distant UEs
* Source cell: best RSCP cell in RACH Intra-freq

report
111
RN3167BEN30GLA1
RSCP
weight
BlindHORSCPThrBelow
PFL; -1215..-25; 1; -126 dBm (not done)
LaySelWeightRSCP
PFL; 0..10000; 1; 0 (not used)
RSCPWeight applied only to following events:

Blind HO in RAB Setup phase
State transition to Cell_DCH state

Frequency layer priority - Preference Score (5/5): Load weight
The Load weight is used to avoid IFHO to more loaded cells or direct traffic to balance the
load. The weight is decided based on mean HSDPA power per HSDPA NRT User.
LaySelLowLoadPref
PFL; 0 (Disabled), 1 (Enabled)
LowLoadPreference =
HSDPA pwr per

NRT user [W]
Unused
DL pwr
HSPA
load lev
16
Yes
16 >Pwr 10
Yes
10 >Pwr 4.2
Yes
CellWeightForHSDPALayering
4.2 >Pwr 2.2
Yes
WCEL; 0.01..1; 0.01; 1
2.2 >Pwr 1.3
Yes
1.3 >Pwr 0.8
Yes
0.8 >Pwr 0.5
Yes
0.5 >Pwr 0.23
Yes
HSPA overload
No
21
load unknown or
non HSDPA cell
No
22
HSPAloa
Yes dLevel No
low (= 1
7)?
1000
Source or target cell

result or freq. layer
average, depending on
MBLB mode
P
* CellWeight ForHSDPALa yering
HSDPApower PerUser NRTHSDPA
NumberOfNRTHSDPAuser s
LaySelWeightLoad
PFL; 0..10000; 1; 0 (not used)
Load
weight
112
HSPA
load state
0 if LaySelWeightLoad = 0
[ LaySelWeightLoad + (22 HSPALoadLevel)] LoadLoadPreference
RN3167BEN30GLA1

Fast Mobility UE
UE detected to be fast moving UE with same mechanism than for URA-PCH (too
many mobility events per time)
In CELL_DCH state, UE location is known in cell level and handover process can
calculate the velocity of the UE by AS changes needed for the UE.
UE is fast moving: if number of complete AS changes FastUEThreshold during
time period FastUEPeriod
FastUEPeriod
WCELRNMOBI; 01..60; 1; 10 s
FastUEThreshold
WCELRNMOBI; 2..60; 1; 3
UE fast moving preference score is calculated taking into account

only the preferred layer definition for fast moving UE:
PreflayerFastMovUEPS is used for PS, and
PreflayerFastMovUECS is used for CS
fast moving UE can have only 2 preferred frequencies in priority order
AS: Active Set
PFL; 0..16383; 1; -0
PreflayerFastMovUEPS#2
PFL; 0..16383; 1; -0
defines the preferred layers for fast moving UE with AMR RAB or other CS
RAB, 0...1 streaming RAB + 0...3 NRT RAB(s) allocated
#2
defines the preferred layers for fast moving UE with 0...3 PS NRT RAB(s) +
0...1 PS streaming RAB allocated. (No AMR RAB or other CS RABs exists)
#1
113
PreflayerFastMovUECS #1
RN3167BEN30GLA1

Preferred Frequency Layer PFL
MBLB introduces new PFL object within the RNC data build.
Preferred Frequency Layer (PFL) object is pointed to by each WCEL.
Multiple PFL objects (50) can be defined; so different WCEL can have
RNC
WBTS
WCEL
WCEL
different PFL parameter sets.

However, if there is too many PFLIdentifier assigned to same geographical
area, it may cause ping pong due the looping in preference definitions
PFL Parameters
PFLIdentifier
PFLIdentifier
WCEL
BlindHORSCPThrAbove
BlindHORSCPThrBelow
PFL set i
PFL set j
RSCP above/
below thresholds
PFLIdentifier
Weight for preferred layer,
Band, RSCP & Load
Preferred Frequency layer List
for Fast Moving UEs (CS & PS)
Preferred Frequency layer List
for different type of UE
capabilities (MIMO, R99 etc.)
114
RN3167BEN30GLA1
LaySelLowLoadPref
LaySelWeightLoad
LaySelWeightBand
LaySelWeightRSCP
PFLFastMovUECS
PFLFastMovUEPS
PFLListxxxAMR
PFLListxxxAMRNRT
PFLListxxxNRT
X9
PFLListxxxStr

MBLB / PFL Example RSCP Weight
1. UE is moved to higher band when path loss of serving cell is low
RSCP(S_cell) > BlindHOThrAbove (e.g. -72 dBm). Higher frequency band, which get non-zero
RSCP weight value (LaySelWeightRSCP 0), are preferred.
2. UE is moved to lower band when pathloss of serving cell is high
RSCP(S_cell) < BlindHOThrBelow (e.g. -92 dBm). Lower frequency band, which get non-zero
RSCP weight value, are preferred.
Source cell (f2)
WCEL: PFLIdentifier = 5
BlindHOThrAbove= -72
BlindHOThrBelow= -92
LaySelWeightRSCP=100
LaySelWeightPrefLayer=0
LaySelWeightBand=0
RSCP of
source cell*
High Band (F2)
RSCP high
band
preferred
Low Band ( F1)
CPICH RSCP
Cell_f1 freq priority =100

Cell_f2 freq priority = 0
2
BlindHORSCPThrBelow
cell(f1)
RSCPWeight is applied only to the following events:

Blind HO in RAB Setup phase
State transition to Cell_DCH state
115
RN3167BEN30GLA1
BlindHORSCPThrAbove
cell(f2)

RSCP low
band preferred
HSPA+ RRM: Contents

HSDPA Improvements
HSUPA Improvements
Other features:
116

CS Voice over HSPA
Fast Dormancy
RN3167BEN30GLA1
High Speed Cell_FACH (DL): RAN1637

HSFACHVolThrDL
WCEL; Infinity, (8, 16, 32, 64, 128,
Can be used if: Flexible RLC Downlink is active
256, 512, 1024, 2048, 3072, 4096,

8192, 16384, 24576, 49152)
bytes
Brief Description:
This feature enables Fast Cell_PCH to Cell_FACH switching (transition <200ms)
Feature reduces signaling load on Iub and Iur interfaces
Reduces code tree occupation
Saves BTS baseband resources
Increases number of supported smartphones
Increases possible throughputs on common channels to 1.80Mbps in DL
DL channel mapping:
Logical channels
Transport channels
Physical channels
117
BCCH
CCCH DCCH
BCH FACH FACH
FACH
DTCH
HS-DSCH
FACH
PCCH
PCH
3GPP Rel7
P-CCPCH
RN3167BEN30GLA1
S-CCPCH
HS-PDSCH S-CCPCH S-CCPCH
High Speed Cell_FACH (DL): With and Without the Feature

RAN1637
H
AC
/F
CH
RA
PA
U
S
/H l99
A
P Re
D
9/
S
H l9
e
R
RAN1637
Data transmission
Not activated
HSDPA
HSDPAonly
only on
on
dedicated
dedicated channels
channels
Activated
FA
HS CH/
DP R A
C
A/
RA H
CH
PA
U
S 9
/H l9
PA /Re
D 9
S
H el9
R
HSDPA
HSDPAalso
also on
on
common
common channels
channels
Common channels
Common channels
Dedicated channels
Dedicated channels
Significant
Significant setup
setup time
time reduction
reduction
Cell_PCH to Cell_DCH state change
Cell_PCH to Cell_FACH state change
Cell Update required

600 ms
Cell Update not needed

<200 ms
Data appears in buffer
Channel type
switch
Cell
update
118
Transmission/recep t [ms]
tion in Cell_DCH
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Transmission/recep
Channel tion in Cell_FACH
type
switch
t [ms]
HSPA+ RRM: Contents

HSDPA Improvements
HSUPA Improvements
Other features:
119

CS Voice over HSPA
Fast Dormancy
RN3167BEN30GLA1
High Speed Cell_FACH: RAN1913
HSFACHVolThrDL
WCEL; (0, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128,
256, 512, 1024, 2048, 3072,
4096, 8192, 16384) bytes

Can be used if both Flexible RLC Downlink and Flexible RLC in Uplink features are active
Brief Description:
This feature enables Fast Cell_PCH to Cell_FACH switching (transition <100ms)
Feature enhances High Speed Cell_FACH in DL
Increases possible throughputs on common channels to 1.45Mbps in UL
UL channel mapping:
CCCH
DCCH
DTCH
Logical channels
Transport channels
Physical channels
120
RN3167BEN30GLA1
RACH
E-DCH
PRACH
E-DPDCH
3GPP Rel8
High Speed Cell_FACH: With and Without the Feature

RAN1913
RAN1913
Data transmission
Not activated
H
AC
/F
CH
RA
HSPA
HSPAonly
only on
on
dedicated
dedicated channels
channels
PA
SU 9
/H l9
PA /Re
SD 9
H l9
e
R
Activated
FA
HS CH/
DP RA
CH
A/
A HSU
P
PA
U
S 9
/H l9
PA /Re
D 9
S
H el9
R
HSPA
HSPAalso
also on
on
common
channels
common channels
Common channels
Common channels
Dedicated channels
Dedicated channels
Significant
Significant setup
setup time
time reduction
reduction
Cell_PCH to Cell_DCH state change
Cell_PCH to Cell_FACH state change
Cell Update required

600 ms
Cell Update not needed

<100 ms
Channel type
switch
Cell
update
121
Transmission/recep t [ms]
tion in Cell_DCH
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Transmission/recep
Channel tion in Cell_FACH
type
switch
t [ms]
HSPA+ RRM: Contents
122
HSDPA Improvements
HSUPA Improvements
Other features
Appendix:
Dynamic HSDPA BLER (RAN 2171)
RN3167BEN30GLA1
RAN 2171: Dynamic HSDPA BLER

RU20 uses HSDPA BLER Targets of 10 % & 25 %:
10 % is applied in static channel conditions
25 % is applied in fading channel conditions
these BLER targets are not configurable & independent CQI (high or low)
RU30 introduces Dynamic HSDPA BLER
allows the use of HSDPA BLER Targets of 2 %, 6 %, 10 % & 25 %
the Ru30 BLER Target is a function of the:
the channel conditions (static vs fading)
the CQI
Thresholds defining high, medium & low CQI ranges are configurable
Upper & lower BLER target limits for each CQI range are configurable
Dynamic HSDPA BLER is a basic software feature; it requires no license

The feature is installed as part of the BTS software and is always enabled
Fallback to RU20 behavior: configuring BLER Target parameter set appropriately
Parameters associated with this feature are Node B commissioning parameters rather than
RNC databuild parameters
Motivation/Benefits: cell & end-user HSDPA throughputs improved by up to 8 %
123
RN3167BEN30GLA1
HSDPA BLER as function of CQI

The look-up table below is
defined within the Node B
The BLER Target is a function of the variance of the

reported CQI
A low variance indicates that the UE is experiencing static
channel conditions: Low BLER target is appropriate
A high variance indicates that the UE is experiencing fading
channel conditions: High BLER target is appropriate
Values within the table can be overwritten by defining upper &

lower BLER target limits within the RNC databuild
Variance of
BLER Channel
Reported CQI Target
Type
0 to 1
2%
Static
1 to 1.5
6%
Fading
1.5 to 2.5
10 %
>2.5
25 %
The RNC databuild also allows the BLER Target to be

defined as a function of the CQI, e.g. smaller BLER Targets
can be defined for higher CQI values
124
Variance of Reported CQI
Low CQI Range
Medium CQI Range
High QI Range
0 to 1
BLERLOW,1
BLERMED,1
BLERHIGH,1
1 to 1.5
BLERLOW,2
BLERMED,2
BLERHIGH,2
1.5 to 2.5
BLERLOW,3
BLERMED,3
BLERHIGH,3
>2.5
BLERLOW,4
BLERMED,4
BLERHIGH,4
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Dynamic HSDPA BLER: Upper & lower BLER Target limits

The table below presents the RNC databuild parameters used to define:
the set of 3 CQI ranges
the upper & lower BLER Target limits for each CQI range
Condition for each CQI range
Upper & Lower BLER

Target Limits*
Low CQI
Range
Reported CQI < medCQIRangeStart
targetBLERLowCQIStaCh
targetBLERLowCQIFadCh
Medium CQI
Range
medCQIRangeStart Reported CQI <

highCQIRangeStart
targetBLERMedCQIStaCh
targetBLERMedCQIFadCh
High CQI
Range
highCQIRangeStart Reported CQI
targetBLERHighCQIStaCh
targetBLERHighCQIFadCh
OK
medCQIRangeStart
BTSSCW; 1..30; 1; 12
highCQIRangeStart
BTSSCW; 1..30; 1; 25
OK
OK
OK
targetBLERLowCQIStaCh
targetBLERLowCQIFadCh
BTSSCW; 2; 6; 10; 25; 6%
BTSSCW; 2; 6; 10; 25; 25%
OK targetBLERMedCQIStaCh
OK
* All parameters are Node B
commissioning parameters
125
targetBLERMedCQIFadCh
BTSSCW; 2; 6; 10; 25; 2%
BTSSCW; 2; 6; 10; 25; 25%
targetBLERHighCQIStaCh
targetBLERHighCQIFadCh
BTSSCW; 2; 6; 10; 25; 2%
BTSSCW; 2; 6; 10; 25; 25%
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Static Channel or
Fading Channel
conditions
OK
OK
Dynamic HSDPA BLER: Default parameter set

The default parameter set generates the look-up table shown below
Variance of
Reported CQI
0 to 1
1 to 1.5
1.5 to 2.5
>2.5
Low
Medium
High
CQI Range CQI Range CQI Range
6%
6%
10 %
25 %
2%
6%
10 %
25 %
2%
6%
10 %
25 %
Configuration for fallback to RU20 behaviour is shown below

Variance of
Reported CQI
0 to 1
1 to 1.5
1.5 to 2.5
>2.5
126
RN3167BEN30GLA1
Low
Medium
High
CQI Range CQI Range CQI Range
10 %
10 %
10 %
25 %
10 %
10 %
10 %
25 %
10 %
10 %
10 %
25 %

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Course Content

Radio Resource Management Overview

Nokia Siemens Networks

HSPA+ features & parameters:

Explain how different HSPA+ features improve the spectrum efficiency

Nokia Siemens Networks

HSPA+ RRM: Contents

Frequency Domain Equalizer (RAN1702)

HSPA+ RRM: Contents

Continuous Packet Connectivity CPC (RAN1644)

Nokia Siemens Networks

Multicarrier HSPA Evolution in Release 9/10 & beyond

3GPP Rel. 7 UE can receive and transmit only on 1 frequency even if

Rel. 8 brought DC-HSDPA, Rel. 9 defined DC-HSUPA

Nokia Siemens Networks

HSPA Data Rate Evolution

HSPA has data rate evolution beyond 100 Mbps

3GPP R10 3GPP R11

Nokia Siemens Networks

HSPA+ RRM: Contents

Nokia Siemens Networks

Modulation Coding rate 15 codes

WCEL; 0 (Disabled), 1 (Enabled)

Nokia Siemens Networks

64QAM: Channel Quality Requirements

good channel conditions required to apply / take benefit of 64QAM CQI 26 !

Nokia Siemens Networks

some gain from

only available with

TS 25.214 Annex Table 7g

Nokia Siemens Networks

64QAM: Link Simulations

Nokia Siemens Networks

Suggested Parameter Setting

No license for HSDPA 15 codes

10 / 15 codes & 14Mbps per user

Nokia Siemens Networks

*65535 parameter does not

HSPA+ RRM: Contents

Nokia Siemens Networks

MIMO Principle (1/2)

MIMO: Multiple-Input Multiple Output

Nokia Siemens Networks

MIMO Principle (2/2)

Signal at ith Rx antenna

Nokia Siemens Networks

Receiver learns Channel Matrix H

ni: Noise at receiver

RU20 (3GPP Rel. 7) introduces 2x2 MIMO with 2-Tx/2-Rx

WCEL; 0 (Disabled), 1 (Enabled)

Double Transmit on BTS side (D-TxAA), 2 receive antennas on UE side

UE categories for MIMO support: Cat. 15, 16, 17 & 18

optional Feature (ASW)

double Power Amplifier units & antenna lines per cell;

Nokia Siemens Networks

MIMO enabled cell: S-CPICH is broadcast for DL channel estimation in UE

UE must be able to estimate each of the 2 signals separately

-10..50; 0.1; 33 dBm

P-CPICH is broadcast along with data stream 1

Nokia Siemens Networks

RNC checks following conditions, before

MIMO 2x2 / 28 Mbps

(if at least one of the conditions is false during