FISOLOGA DE LA

DIGESTION EN
MAMFEROS
Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

Basic Functional Anatomy

of the Digestive System
Monogastrics

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

Digestive Tract - Pig

Liver

Pancreas

Cecu
m
Rectu
m

Esophagu
s

Stomach
Duodenu
m
Small
intestine
(jejunum,
ileum)

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

Colon

Organs of the Digestive System

Monogastrics

Mouth
Mechanical breakdown of foodstuffs by

chewing (reduces particle size, increases

surface area for action of enzymes).
Saliva added as a lubricant and, in some

species, contains amylase to begin starch

digestion.

Esophagus

Tube connecting the mouth

to the stomach.
10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

Organs of the Digestive System

Monogastrics

Stomach
Enzymatic digestion of proteins begins.
Foodstuffs reduced to liquid form.

Liver
Center of metabolic activity in the body.
Major role in digestive process is to provide bile

salts to small intestine (needed for digestion

and absorption of fats).
10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

Organs of the Digestive System

Monogastrics

Pancreas
Provides a potent mixture of digestive enzymes

to the small intestine to help in digestion of

fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.

Small Intestine
3 sections duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Site of final stages of chemical enzymatic

digestion.
Where almost all nutrients are absorbed.
10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

Organs of the Digestive System

Monogastrics

Large Intestine
3 sections cecum, colon, rectum
Site of water absorption from G.I. tract.
Bacterial fermentation occurs (production and

absorption of volatile fatty acids).

Somewhat limited in monogastrics

Feces formed.

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

Digestive Process - Monogastrics

Proteins

Fats

MOUTH

Starch

amylase

Maltose

STOMACH

proteases

Peptides

SMALL
INTESTINE

Amino
acids

= main site of
absorption
10/14/15

amylase
maltase

bile salts
lipases

peptidases

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

Fatty
acids

Glucose

Digestive Tract - Poultry

Gall
bladder
Live
Gizzar
r
d

Esophagu
s

Cecu
m

Cro
p
Proventricul
us
Pancrea
s

Cloac
a
Large
intestine

Duodenum

Small
intestine
(jejunum,
ileum)
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Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

Organs of the Digestive System

Monogastrics

Specialized Organs in Poultry

Beak
No lips, no teeth, and no chewing.

Crop
Out-pocketing of the esophagus that provides

storage for consumed food.

Foodstuffs moistened and softened (little if any

digestion).
10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

Organs of the Digestive System

Monogastrics

Specialized Organs in Poultry

(continued)

Proventriculus
Glandular stomach where the first

significant amount of digestive juices

are added.

Gizzard
A muscular organ used to grind and

break up food.
May contain grit (small stones) eaten

by animal.

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

Organs of the Digestive System

Monogastrics

Specialized Organs in Poultry (continued)

Cloaca
Common chamber into which the digestive,

urinary, and reproductive tracts open.

When fecal material is excreted, the
cloaca folds back at the vent allowing the
rectal opening of the large intestine to
push out, closing the reproductive tract
opening.

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

Specialized Poultry Organs

Crop

Gizzard

Cloaca

Proventricul
us
10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

Basic Functional Anatomy

of the Digestive System
Hind Gut Fermentors

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

Digestive Tract - Horse

Rectu
m

Cecum

Small
intestine

Esophagu
s
Stomach

Small
colon
Large
colon

10/14/15

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

Duodenu
m

Organs of the Digestive System

Hind Gut Fermentors

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver,

pancreas, gall bladder, and small intestine
have similar functions as compared to
monogastrics.
Large Intestine
Major difference between monogastrics and

hind gut fermentors is the large intestine

Large intestine is exceptionally large and

complex compared to monogastrics and

ruminants.
10/14/15
Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

Organs of the Digestive System

Hind Gut Fermentors

The large intestine of hind gut fermentors

is analogous to the rumen in ruminants.
Large, anaerobic fermentation vat.
Microbes digest structural carbohydrates

(cellulose, hemicellulose) and soluble

carbohydrates that escape digestion in small
intestine to VFAs.
VFAs absorbed from large intestine and utilized by
the animal.

Microbial protein produced in large intestine is

wasted (only very limited absorption from large

10/14/15
Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.
intestine).

Digestive Process Hind Gut

Fermentors
Proteins

Fats

Cellulose
Hemicellulos
e

Starch

MOUTH

amylase

Maltose

STOMACH

proteases

Peptides

SMALL
INTESTIN
E

peptidases

amylase
maltase

bile salts
lipases

Fatty
acids

Amino
acids

LARGE
INTESTIN
E

VFAs

= microbial
action
10/14/15

Glucose

= main site of
absorption

Dr. Nelson Duchi D., PhD.

VFAs