Strengthening of concrete structures

by the use of mineral-based composites

Supervisor:
Engr. Shams Ul Islam
Presented by:
Sajjad Ali
Zeshan
Arshad

Scheme of Presentation
Literature
Review
Material
Selection Experiment
And
al Work
Collection

Literature Review
Concrete is the most important building material
in all countries and its consumption is increasing
day to day. The reason is its components are
available
every
where
and
relatively
inexpensive, its production may be relatively
simple, its application covers large variety of
building and civil infrastructures works.

Continue.
The concrete without any fibers will develop the cracks due
to plastic shrinkage, drying shrinkage and other reasons of
changes in volume of concrete. Plain concrete is a brittle
material and having low values of modulus of rupture and
strain capacity. In order to meet the required values of
flexural strength and enhances the strain capacity of the
plain concrete, the fibers are being used in normal concrete.
The addition of fibers in the plain concrete will control the
cracking due shrinkage and also reduce the bleeding of
water. The addition of glass fibers in plain concrete shows
higher flexural strength than plain concrete. Environmental
and economic considerations played a great role in the
increase in use of mineral admixtures.

Materials

Fiber Glass

Binder
(Cement+Fly Ash)

Aggregate

Water

 Fiber Glass
The Fiber Glass was obtained
from Tehkal
(Tambowan chawk) Pesahwar.

Aggregates
Source Vesa ( Nowshera)
Fine
Obtained from Ring Road Peshawar
Aggregate

Source Margala hills (Islamabad)

Coarse
Obtained From Ring Road Peshawar
Aggregate

Ce m e n t
Source

Kohat

Collecting
Point

Ring road
Peshawar

Quality

Fresh

No lumps
found

Fly Ash
Source :
Sika
Chemicals
Islamabad
Colour:
Grey

Quality:
Very Fine

Water

Source

Concrete lab
(CECOS University)

Taste

Good

Odor

Nil

Experimental Work
Sieve Analysis of
Aggregates

Specific
Gravity of
Aggregate

Absorption and
Moisture Content
Test of Aggregate

Physical and
chemical test of
Cement and Fly
Ash

Compressive Tests
of Concrete Cubes

Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregate

Sieve size (in)

Wt. Retained

2
4
8
16
30
50
100

0
0
8.25
23.38
46.49
165
180

Wt. Retained
(%)
0
0
1.65
4.676
9.298
33
36

Cumulative
Retained (%)
0
0
1.65
6.326
15.624
48.624
84.624
=256.848

Cumulative %age Retained

90

%age

80
70

Sieve No.

60

Cumulative %age
Retained

50
40
30
20
10
0

16

30

50

100

Performance of Sieve Analysis in Concrete Lab

Sieve Analysis of Coarse aggregate

Sieve
No.

Weight Retained
(KG)

%age
Retained

Cummulative %age
Retained

2"

1.5"

1"

3/4"

0.21

10.5

10.5

1/2"

1.23

61.5

72

3/8"

0.52

26

87.5

No.4

0.04

28

Pan

2
=398

Retaine
d

%age

100
90
80
70
60
Seive No.
Cummulative %age
Retained

50
40
30
20
10
0

"

Sieve No.

"

1/2

"

No.4

Specific Gravity of Fine Aggregate

A=

Weight of Oven Dried Aggregate= 490 gm.

B= Weight of Pycnometer + Water =680 gm.
C= B+ wt. of SSD fine Aggregate
=985 gm
S = Wt. of SSD Aggregate
= 500 gm.
Bulk Specific Gravity=
Apparent Specific Gravity=
Water Absorption

Specific Gravity of Coarse

Aggregate
A= Weight of Oven Dried Coarse Aggregate= 1980 gm
B=Weight of SSD Coarse Aggregate=2000 gm
C= Weight of Coarse Aggregate in Water = 1255 g m
Bulk Specific gravity=
Apparent Specific Gravity=
Absorption=

Rodded Bulk Density of Coarse Aggregate

Weight
of Cube= 6.180 Kg

Weight of cube +Coarse Aggregate(Oven Dried)= 11.715 Kg
Net Weight of Coarse Aggregate= 5.535 Kg
Volume of Mould ( Cube)=0.125 ft3
Compaction of Coarse Aggregate in Three Layers
( Each Layer 25 Times with temping Rod of 24 size and
dia of 5/8).
Rodded Bulk Density= Mass /Volume
=

Specific Gravity of cement

Sp.Gravity of cement=3.15
(Performed at PCSIR LAB)

Chemical Composition of Cement

Name of oxide

Abbreviation

Cement (%)

Silicon oxide

SiO2

20.78

Aluminum oxide

Al2O3

5.81

Iron oxide

Fe2O3

2.99

Calcium oxide

CaO

62.18

Magnesium oxide

MgO

1.52

Loss on Ignition

LOI

2.31

Specific gravity

3.15

Chemical composition was carried out in PCSIR labs

Chemical Composition of Fly ash

Name of oxide

Abbreviation

Fly ash (%)

Silicon oxide

SiO2

71.04

Aluminum oxide

Al2O3

8.35

Iron oxide

Fe2O3

1.52

Calcium oxide

CaO

2.15

Magnesium oxide

MgO

3.22

Loss on Ignition

LOI

11.92

Sodium

Na2O

0.78

Chemical composition was provided by Sika Chemicals Islamabad

Future Work in the Research

Preparation of Mix Design
Preparation Of Mix ratio
Preparation of Concrete Cubes/Cylinder
Testing of Cubes/Cylinders