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Automatization
Automation Pyramid
Concepts
Automatism: System that allows executing one or more actions without
intervention manual.
Automation: Application of automated systems performing a process
Elements of an automatic system:
The tape will be driven to the right if S1 detects the presence of an object at the beginning
of it, and it stops when S2 detect the object. The tape will be driven to the left if S2 detects
the presence of a object at the beginning of it, and stop when S1 detects the object.
Magnitudes that define the evolution of the process are: detection object at the beginning;
detection of the object at the end and start or stop the engines. These quantities can only
take two values, detected or not detected, running or stopped
Batch processes: Are discrete processes that involve more than one element or blank for
processing in a single product.
Automatic regulation: Action mechanisms that allow for a continuous process to
magnitudes that reaches a certain value. When this value remains constant over time it
says it is a problem of regulation When this value varies over time it says it is facing a
servomechanism problem
Example: Regulation problem, constant temperature in an installation
Example:
Open Loop Control: The command or control organs acting on the process
according to previously established targets. Does not exist transmission of
information from the process control organs
Blocks diagram
Entrance Exit: are signals of 8/16 modules E / S. These modules translate signal values
and also ensure galvanic isolation
Operating cycles: During operation of the controller there are two phases:
Phase system
-Check In / Out
- Check memory
- Initiation of timers
- Initiation of Accountants
SIMATIC S7-200
CPU Memory: Data Types and addressing the data memory is divided
into two distinct areas, Area Data Objects.
You could access data in different memory areas of the CPU in byte, word or
double word.
To access a bit in a memory area, you specify the direction thereof, which
comprises an area identifier, the byte address and the bit number.
Example: The figure shows: I3.4 (I = input, 3 = byte 3 4 = bit 4)
The address of a byte, word or double word of data in the memory of the
CPU is indicated similarly to the direction of a bit. The latter consists of an
area identifier, size data and the start address of the byte value
Example:
Addressing the process image of the inputs (I) Bit I [byte address]. [Bit
address] I0.1 Byte, word, double word I [size] [initial byte address] IB4
Addressing the process image of the outputs (Q) Bit Q [byte address].
[Address. Bit] Q1.1 Byte, word, double word Q [size] [tinitial byte address]
QB5
Addressing Memory variable (V) Bit V [byte address]. [Address. Bit] V10.2
Byte, Word, Double Word V [size] [initial byte address] VW100
Addressing memory area (M) Bit M [byte address]. [Address. Bit] M26.7
Byte, word, double word M [size] [initial byte address] MD20
Addressing the Special Memory (SM)Bit SM [address. byte]. [bit address]
M0.1 Byte, word, double word SM [size] [initial byte address] SMB86
Addressing the area of timers (T): Two variables associated with a timer:
Current value; Bit Timer (bit T)
Accessed using: T + timer number. Depending on the operation used, the
value is accessed or bit timer
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PROGRAMMING