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PSE 476
Lecture #6
Kraft Pulping Chemicals
Chemical Pulping
Agenda
Definition of Terms
Total alkali, Effective Alkali, Sulfidity, etc.
Kraft Pulping:
Definition of Terms
White liquor.
Fresh pulping liquor for the kraft process containing
NaOH, Na2S, and a variety of impurities.
Black liquor.
The waste liquor from the kraft pulping process.
Contains most of the original inorganic components (most
in different forms) and a high concentration of dissolved
organics.
Green liquor.
Partially recovered kraft liquor (intermediate liquor in
recovery sequence).
Lime
Kilm
Digester
Green Liquor
Black Liquor
Recovery
Furnace
PSE 476: Lecture 6
This is a very
simplified
diagram. There
are several steps
between each
box. We will
discuss this
whole sequence
in depth in a
later lecture.
4
Typical Composition of
Kraft Liquors
Chemical
Chemical
White*
White*
Black*
Black*
Green*
Green*
NaOH
NaOH
Na
Na22SS
95
95(53%)
(53%)
38
38(21%)
(21%)
1.4
1.4(7%)
(7%)
4.2
4.2(19%)
(19%)
15
15(8%)
(8%)
37
37(20%)
(20%)
Na
Na22CO
CO33
Na
Na22SO
SO33
26
26(15%)
(15%)
4.8
4.8(3%)
(3%)
7.8
7.8(36%)
(36%)
22(9%)
(9%)
107
107(60%)
(60%)
6.1
6.1(3%)
(3%)
Na
Na22SO
SO44
Na
Na22SS22OO33
9.1
9.1(5%)
(5%)
66(3%)
(3%)
2.8
2.8(13%)
(13%)
3.4
3.4(16%)
(16%)
11
11(6%)
(6%)
5.5
5.5(3%)
(3%)
Organics
Organics
None
None
Lots
Lots
None
None
Amount
Amount
(as
(asNa
Na22O)
O)
81
81--120
120g/l
g/l
Na
Na22SS
30
30--40
40g/l
g/l Active
Active
NA
NA
Na
Na22CO
CO33
11
11--44
44g/l
g/l Inactive
Inactive
Incomplete
IncompleteCaustizing
Caustizing
Na
Na22SO
SO33
Active
Active
Source
Sourceof
ofunwanteds:
unwanteds:
(Recovery
(RecoverySystem)
System)
NA
NA
Inactive
Inactive
Incomplete
IncompleteReduction
Reduction
Na
Na22SO
SO44
4.4
4.4--18
18g/l
g/l Inactive
Inactive
Incomplete
IncompleteReduction
Reduction
Na
Na22SS22OO33
44--8.9
8.9g/l
g/l Inactive
Inactive
Oxidation
Oxidationof
ofSulfide
Sulfide
Notes Page
22--6.9
6.9
Class*
Class*
Causticity:
Sulfidity =
Causticity =
Na2S
NaOH + Na2S
NaOH
NaOH + Na2S
* 100%
* 100%
Causticizing eff. =
NaOH
NaOH + Na2CO3
* 100%
Na2S
Reduction eff. =
* 100%
Na2S + Na2SO4 + Na2SO3 + Na2S2O3
PSE 476: Lecture 6
10
11
Na2O + H2CO3
Na2O + H2SO4
Na2O + H2SO3
Na2CO3 + H2O
Na2SO4 + H2O
Na2SO3 + H2O
PSE 476: Lecture 6
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