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JOHN S. LOUCKS
St. Edwards University
Chapter 5
Discrete Probability Distributions
Random Variables
Discrete Probability Distributions
Expected Value and Variance
Binomial Probability Distribution
Poisson Probability Distribution
Hypergeometric Probability Distribution
.40
.30
.20
.10
Random Variables
f(x)
.40
.30
.20
.10
0
f(x) xf(x)
.40
.00
.25
.25
.20
.40
.05
.15
.10
.40
E(x) = 1.20
10
(x - )2
f(x)
(x - )2f(x)
1.44 .40
0.04 .25
0.64 .20
3.24 .05
7.84 .10
1.660 =
.576
.010
.128
.162
.784
12
n!
f ( x)
p x (1 p ) (n x )
x !( n x )!
where:
f(x) = the probability of x successes in n
trials
n = the number of trials
p = the probability of success on any one
trial
14
n!
f ( x)
p x (1 p ) ( n x )
x !( n x )!
3!
f (1)
( 0.1)1 ( 0. 9 ) 2
1!( 3 1)!
= (3)(0.1)(0.81)
= .243
15
n
3
.10
.7290
.2430
.0270
.0010
.15
.6141
.3251
.0574
.0034
.20
.5120
.3840
.0960
.0080
.25
.4219
.4219
.1406
.0156
p
.30
.3430
.4410
.1890
.0270
.35
.2746
.4436
.2389
.0429
.40
.2160
.4320
.2880
.0640
.45
.1664
.4084
.3341
.0911
.50
.1250
.3750
.3750
.1250
16
Second
Worker
Leaves (.1)
Leaves (.1)
Third
Worker
L (.1)
S (.9)
L (.1)
.0090
.0090
S (.9)
L (.1)
.0810
.0090
S (.9)
.0810
L (.1)
.0810
S (.9)
.7290
Stays (.9)
Leaves (.1)
Stays (.9)
Stays (.9)
Value
of x Probab.
.0010
3
17
Expected Value
E(x) = = np
Variance
Var(x) = 2 = np(1 - p)
Standard Deviation
SD( x ) np (1 p )
18
19
20
x e
f ( x)
x!
where:
f(x) = probability of x occurrences in an
interval
= mean number of occurrences in an
interval
e = 2.71828
21
= 6/hour
x=4
4 = 3/half-hour,
3
f ( 4)
3 ( 2. 71828)
4!
.1680
22
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2.2
.1108
.2438
.2681
.1966
.1082
.0476
.0174
.0055
.0015
2.3
.1003
.2306
.2652
.2033
.1169
.0538
.0206
.0068
.0019
2.4
2.5
.0907 .0821
.2177 .2052
.2613 .2565
.2090 .2138
.1254 .1336
.0602 ..0668
.0241 .0278
.0083 .0099
.0025 .0031
2.6
.0743
.1931
.2510
.2176
.1414
.0735
.0319
.0118
.0038
2.7
.0672
.1815
.2450
.2205
.1488
.0804
.0362
.0139
.0047
2.8
.0608
.1703
.2384
.2225
.1557
.0872
.0407
.0163
.0057
2.9
.0550
.1596
.2314
.2237
.1622
.0940
.0455
.0188
.0068
3.0
.0498
.1494
.2240
.2240
.1680
.1008
.0504
.0216
.0081
23
24
N r
nx
where:
trials
n = number of trials
N = number of elements in the
population
r = number of elements in the
population
25
Example: Neveready
26
Example: Neveready
f ( x)
r
x
N r
nx
N
n
2 2
2! 2!
2 0
2!0! 0!2!
1
.167
6
4
4!
2
2!2!
where:
x = 2 = number of good batteries selected
n = 2 = number of batteries selected
N = 4 = number of batteries in total
r = 2 = number of good batteries in total
27
End of Chapter 5
28