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JOHN S. LOUCKS
St. Edwards University
Chapter 11
Inferences About Population Variances
Chi-Square Distribution
Interval Estimation of 2
Hypothesis Testing
Chi-Square Distribution
Interval Estimation of 2
Interval Estimation of
Interval Estimation of 2
.025
.025
95% of the
possible 2 values
2
0
.975
2
.025
Interval Estimation of 2
n - 1 = 10 - 1 = 9 degrees of freedom and
= .05
2
(
n
1)
s
2
2
.975
.025
2
.025
2
.975
.025
2
.025
Interval Estimation of 2
n - 1 = 10 - 1 = 9 degrees of freedom and
= .05
(n 1)s2
2
2.70
.025
2
.025
0 2.70
Area in
Upper Tail
= .975
2
10
Interval Estimation of 2
n - 1 = 10 - 1 = 9 degrees of freedom and
= .05
( n 1) s2
2. 70
19. 02
2
.025
0 2.70
Area in Upper
Tail = .025
19.02
11
Interval Estimation of 2
Sample variance s2 provides a point estimate of
2.
2
(
x
x
)
6. 3
2
i
s
. 70
n 1
9
(10 1).interval
70
(10 the
1). 70
2
A 95% confidence
for
population
19. 02
2. 70
variance is given
by:
Hypothesis Testing
About a Population Variance
Left-Tailed Test
Hypotheses
H0 : 2 20
Ha : 2 20
Test Statistic
2
(
n
1
)
s
2
20
Rejection Rule
Reject H0 if 2 2
(where
is based on
2
a chi-square distribution with n - 1 d.f.) or
Reject H0 if p-value <
13
Hypothesis Testing
About a Population Variance
Right-Tailed Test
Hypotheses
H0 : 2 20
Ha : 2 20
Test Statistic
2
(
n
1
)
s
2
20
Rejection Rule
2
Reject H0 if 2 2(1 )
(where
is
(1
)
based on
a chi-square distribution with n - 1 d.f.) or
Reject H0 if p-value <
14
Hypothesis Testing
About a Population Variance
Two-Tailed Test
Hypotheses
H0 : 2 20
Ha : 2 20
Test Statistic
2
(
n
1
)
s
2
20
Rejection Rule
2
2
Reject H0 if 2 2
(where
or
(1 / 2 )
/2
2
2
(1 / 2) and / 2are based on a chi-square
distribu- tion with n - 1 d.f.) or Reject H0 if pvalue <
15
One-Tailed Test
Hypotheses
H0 : 12 22
Ha : 12 22
Test Statistic
s12
F 2
s2
Rejection Rule
Reject H0 if F > F where the value of F is
based on an F distribution with n1 - 1
(numerator) and n2 - 1 (denominator) d.f.
16
Two-Tailed Test
Hypotheses
H0 : 12 22
Ha : 12 22
Test Statistic
s12
F 2
s2
Rejection Rule
Reject H0 if F > F/2 where the value of F/2 is
based on an F distribution with n1 - 1
(numerator) and n2 - 1 (denominator) d.f.
17
18
a
1
2
(Their variances are not equal)
Rejection Rule
The F distribution table shows that with
= .10,
9 d.f. (numerator), and 9 d.f.
(denominator),
F.05 = 3.18.
Reject H0 if F > 3.18
19
20
End of Chapter 11
21