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Literature review

Concepts and definitions:


Leadership that creates valuable and positive change in the followers
is Transformational Leadership. Such a leader focuses on
"transforming" others to help each other, to look out for each other, to
encourage and be harmonious, and to pay attention towards
organization as a whole. (Adnan & Mubarak, 2010).

Cont..
Burns (1978) was the first person who gave the concept
of transformational leadership.
He illustrated that transformational leadership is
observed when leaders encouraged followers to boost
up the level of their ethics, motivation, beliefs,
perceptions, and coalition with the objectives of the
particular organization.

Theoretical reflections:
Bass and Avolio (1995) explained the work of Burns and
divided transformational leadership into four main
components; charismatic role modeling, individualized
consideration, inspirational motivation, and intellectual
stimulation.
Reference:
Avolio, B. J., Bass, B. M., & Jung, D. I. (1999). Reexamining
the components of transformational and transactional
leadership using the Multifactor Leadership
Questionnaire. Journal of Occupational and Organizational

Cont..
Lievens, Geit & Coetsier (1997) and Berson, Shamir, Avolio &
Popper (2001) articulate that transformational leadership is
helpful for innovation implemented by the organization in the era
of competition. It notifies four leadership scales, namely charisma,
inspiration, individual consideration, and intellectual stimulation
Reference:
Lievens, F., Geit, P., & Coetsier, P. (1997). Identification of
transformational leadership qualities: An examination of potential
biases. European Journal of Work and Organizational
Psychology, 6 (4), 415-430.

Cont..
Khan, Ramzan, Ahmed and Nawaz (2011) have made their research on
Transformational, Transactional, and Laissez-Faire Styles of teaching
faculty as predictors of satisfaction, which direct towards extra effort
among the students and summarized that teacher faculty, must have
to adopt transformational style because it brings higher satisfaction
among their students
Reference:
Vol:1 No: 4 Transformational, Transactional, and Laissez-Faire Styles
of teaching faculty as predictors of satisfaction, and extra effort among
the students: evidence from higher education institutions [130-135]

Cont..
Masi & cook (2000) also have the same thoughts and
believed that transformational leadership style is only the
factor of increasing employee productivity but
transactional leadership is now useless.
Reference:
Masi, R., & Cooke,R. (2000). Effects of transformational
leadership on subordinate motivation, empowering norms,
and organizational productivity. The international Journal of
Organizational Analysis, 8(1), 16-47.

Cont..
Hamidifar (2009) conducted a study in Islamic Azad
University in Tehran and explored that among different
leadership styles transformational positively determine
the employees job other style Job satisfaction.
Employees are more satisfied with transformational
leadership than transactional leadership.
Reference:
Fatemeh Hamidifar (2009) A Study of the Relationship
between Leadership Styles and Employee Job
Satisfaction at Islamic Azad University Branches in
Tehran, Iran

Identifying gap:
Previous authors had studied the effect of
transformational leadership on employee performance
in different organizations. But none of them had studied
it specifically on soap industry in Islamabad. This would
be the gap of the study.

Substaining evidence from


literature:
Transformational leadership is a significant approach to
motivate followers beyond expectations and set free
beyond expectations and set free the creativity inside
them.
This research proposes that an employee perception of
support for innovation, empowerment, intrinsic
motivation, organization learning and workplace
relationship is a way of underlying the effects of
transformational leadership on creativity
Transformational leadership is divided into four areas
which embrace:

Cont..
Inspirational motivation; refers to leaders that draw a
strict and positive view of future for their subordinates
and stimulate them to go toward organizational aims
and chief missions.
Intellectual stimulation; in this manner, leader
emphasizes on actualizing creativity and invention and
using novel ways in doing works.
Individualized consideration; this dimension represents
the leader own attention to subordinates and treating
them in the best route
influence; means making a glorious image along with
profound and self-confidence based respect in presence

Critical analysis of the literature:


The study found that if managers encourage
employees innovative thinking, spends time to teach
and coach them, consider their personal feelings before
implementing a decision, helps them to develop their
strengths, it will increase the level of emotional
attachment that workers have with their organizations.

Cont..
Employees will feel pride to be a part of the
organization, find similarity between their own values
and organization values, and ready to accept any type
of job assignment for the smooth running of
organization.

Cont..
Transformational leadership, an approach of enhanced
interpersonal relationship between supervisor and
subordinate, is a way to create higher level of job
satisfaction and organizational commitment of
employees

Cont..
. Transformational leaders also help employees to
become more creative, innovative and bring such new
ideas which allow the organization to grow
competitively and adapt itself to the changing external
environment

Cont..
. Unfortunately, this type of leadership is not being
exercised by the managers of some organizations. The
results of this study concluded that if managers adopt
transformational leadership behavior, they can get
better satisfied and committed employees.

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