World Geography

Asia
Africa
Australia
Europe
North America
South America

North America

USA

Canada

North America

USA: physical

ColumbiaSnake plt

Colorado
plt

Alaska

Hawaii

Mountains of USA

Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian
mountains old fold
mountains
(Paleozoic)
Source of coal - Both
Bituminous and
Anthracite
Iron ore, granite and
forest resource

Western Cordillera of USA

Colum
biaSnake
platea
u
Great
Basin

Colora
do
platea
u

Western mountains in USA

Western
USA
O-C
collision

O-C
transverse
boundary

Hot Spot
vol.

O-C collision of ancient time

Farall
on
plate

North
Americ
an
Plate

Oceanic plate Farallon

subducted under North
American plate 65 ml
years ago
Extensive volcanism
and rising of Rockies
Colorado plateau
Basin- range
topography due to
faults

Pacific- N.American transverse Boundary

15 ml years ago
Farallon oceanic plate
almost subducted
under North American
plate
Pacific and N.American
plate came into
contact
Farallon plate was
moving eastward

Pacific- N.American transverse Boundary

Now Pacific plate
was moving northwest
North American
plate moves south
south west direction
Result San
Andreas fault

O-C plate collision in recent time

Remnant of Farallon
plate- Juan de Fuca
plate continued
eastward movement
Divergence between
Juan-de-Fuca plate and
Pacific plate
Juan De Fuca plate
subsiding below North
American plate

O-C plate collision in recent time

Subduction of oceanic
plate => Volcanism
Rising of volcanic fold
mt. cascade range
Rising of Sierra Nevada
in last 5 ml (orogeny
started around 120-80
ml years ago)

Hot Spot Volcanism in USA

Lava flow between 17-6
ml years ago
Hot spot beneath the
Columbia plateau - North
American plate moves
south-west
Columbia-snake plateau
Basaltic lava plateau (like
Deccan lava plt.)
Yellow stone national park
geysers

Western mountains: resources

Sierra Nevada Gold
Fold mountains
volcanism- still
uplifting - EQ
Cascade range part
of Pacific ring of fire
volcanic rocks rich in
potassium potential
geothermal power

Western mountains
Rockies: young fold
mountains (85 to 55
ml years ago)
Copper, Gold, Lead,
silver, Zinc,
Tungsten

Rivers of USA

Western rivers: Columbia-snake river

Origin: in Canada
Columbia- one of the
largest source of HEP
Grand coulee dam
Snake largest tri. Of
Columbia
Imp cities: Portland,
Salem located on it

Western rivers: Colorado

Hoov
er
Gra
dam Ca nd Pante
nyo d
n
des
ert
Sonor
an
t
deser

cutting the Colorado

Plateau Grand
canyon
Sonoran desert,
Panted desert
Hoover dam Lake
mead
Las Vegas located
near lake Mead

Central rivers: Mississippi- Missouri

Most imp river
system of USA
Imp cities: St.
Pittsburg, Memphis,
St. Louis
Irrigation Prairie
region
Petroleum at mouth

Eastern rivers: Hudson

New
York
State

New
York
Long
Island

State

New York state

Partially navigable
important for
transportation
Flows between New
York city and New
Jersey city

Hu
riv dso
er n

New York- New Jersey (Hudson river)

NJ

NY

Long
Island

Great Lakes of USA

St. Marys
river

St. Claire
St.
Claire
river
Detroit
lake

river

Welland
Niagara
Canal
Fall

Importance of great lakes region

Glacial lakes
Largest fresh water
system
Together they hold
1/5th of the earth
surfaces fresh water
Source of drinking
water, irrigation,
transport, sulfide and
iron mining in periphery

Deserts of USA

Political map of USA

USA
has
50
states
,9
time
zones

Climatic regions of USA

Britis
h
Type

Highla
nd

Mediterran
ean
Hot
Deser
ts

Laurenti
an Type
Prairi
e
Gulf
Type

USA: Mediterranean climate

San
Francisc
o
Los
Angeles

South Western state

of California
Citrus fruit
cultivation famous
Sunkist oranges
Viticulture, wine
making

USA: British
Climate
North
western
states of Oregon
and Washington
Rainfall from
westerlies
Softwood trees with
pure strands
Famous for
lumbering industries

USA: Prairies
Central states of
USA + 3 states of
Canada
Temperate
grasslands
Flat rolling plains
Nutritious natural
grass
Known for wheat
cultivation and
animal rearing

USA: Gulf type

South East states: from
Florida to North
Carolina and Arkansas
Louisiana
Warm due to warm
ocean current gulf
stream
Rainfall through out the
year
Thunderstorm

USA: Laurentian type

North east states
Great Lake region
and New England
states
Rainfall throughout
the year warming
effect of Gulf stream
Most Industrialized
region of USA

Agricultural belts in USA

Wheat

Soya
bean

Corn
Tobacco

Tobacco

Cotto
n Tobacco

Corn belt
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,
Iowa and Missouri
Intensive crop and
livestock farming
Most of the corn is used
to raise or fattening
livestock- hogs (pigs)
and poultry
cattle rearing for meat
and dairy products

Animal Rearing
in USAanimal
Intensive
farming = factory
farming
Milwaukee city meat
processing
Chicago meat
packing
Wisconsin state dairy

Cotton belt
Cotton plantation
system
Hybrid cotton variety
with mechanized
farming
Cotton exported
Textile industries
labour intensive US
import from
Bangladesh, Pakistan
and India

Wheat and Rice belt (Prairie)

South winter
wheat (hard), north
spring wheat (soft)
Truck farming belt
Very high
productivity per
person
Highly subsidized
farming

Coal Reserve in USA

Monta
na

Wyoming
and
Appalachi
an main
coal
producing
regions

North
Dakota

Wyomi
ng
Illinois

Colora
do
New
Mexico

Pennsylv
ania
West
Virginia

Texas

Wyomi
ng

Pennsylva
nia only
Anthracite
producing
region

Iron reserve of USA

Mesabi
range

Major
iron
mining
Zone
Minnesot
a and
Michigan
Import
from
Canada

Copper reserve of USA

Major
Copper
mining
Zone
Arizona,
Utah

Uranium reserve of USA

Major
Uranium
mining
Wyomin
g
Import
from
Canada
and
Australia

Petroleum reserve of USA

Ba
Big
WeCh you
H
Bay
ll a st octo
an iH
w
ckb
Mou
e
nd
rry

Largest
producer
of oil and
gas in
2014
West
Texas
Intermedi
ate
Benchmar
k

Shale gas

Wyomi
ng

Uta
h

Michig
an

Colora
do

Texas

Pennsylva
nia
West
Virginia

US petroleum production: effect to India

US takeover Russia as largest oil and gas
producer and Saudi from largest oil producer
Reduction in energy import by US
Boost to US manufacturing sector
Decrease in US imports + Slow down in
China = fall in crude prices
Indias energy consumption increasing low
import bills boost to out manufacturing

Gulf of Mexico

Sulph
ur
Petroleum
and
Natural
gas

Alaska

Red
dog
Zin
mine

Silve
c
r

Gold
Copp
er

USA: Industrial regions

NW

SW

NE

Grt
lake
s

SE

North-west Region
Seattl
e
Sale
m

Seattle aluminum
smelting, aircraft
manufacturing
Oregon state
lumbering: Eugene
Salem food
processing hub

California

San
Francisco

Los
Angeles
San
Diego

San Francisco:
financial services
(Wall street of the
west)
San Diego:
submarine and
shipbuilding
Los Angeles:
entertainment,
aerospace, port

South and South East region

Atlanta
New
Orleans

Atlanta-automobile,
transport & logistics
hub, (HQ of Coca
cola)
New Orleans- port,
petro-refineries

South and South East region

Dall
as
Houston

Baton
Rouge

Dallas electronics,
defence aircraft
manufacturing
Baton Rouge
Petroleum reserve
Houston- petrochemicals (synthetic
rubber, fertilizers),
equipment for oil field

 5% of US area, 25%
North Eastern states
population
Boston to NY
megalopolis
HEP from fault line
across edges of
Appalachian
Narrow land = No
agriculture

North Eastern states

Boston
NYNJ
Philadelp
hia
Baltim
ore

Boston: biotech,
education
NY-NJ: largest city,
economy, port
Philadelphia:
education, oil refining,
Food processing
Baltimore: steel
industries, ship building

Great lakes region

M Qu
al ont ebe
c
Kin re
g
T
Hamt oonron st
o
on ilt

Milwauk
eeChica
go

Detr
oit
Tole
do

Buffalo
Clevelan
d

Duluth steel (Mesabi)

Milwaukee- dairying,
meat processing
Chicago FPI
Detroit automobile (GM)
Toledo - automobile
Cleveland textile, steel
Buffalo chemical
industries

Great lakes region

M Qu
al ont ebe
c
Kin re
g
T
Hamt oonron st
o
on ilt

Milwauk
eeChica
go

Detr
oit
Tole
do

Buffalo
Clevelan
d

Hamilton
Toronto
Kingston
Montreal
Quebec

North America

USA

Canada

Canada

Physical geo of Canada: Mt.

Baf
n

isla
nd

Huds Plaabrador
teau
on
Ja
Laurentian
Ca
m
na Bay
B
di ay es Plateau
sh
an
iel
d

New
Foundla
nd
w
e
N
ick
w
s
n
u
r
B
Nova
Scotia

Canadian Shield

Most stable region

Source of gold,
silver, cobalt, zinc,
copper and iron ore
Coniferous forest +
swift flowing
streams -HEP
Support paper and
pulp industry

Laurentian plateau

Laurenti
an
Plateau

Heavily forested,
lakes and swift
flowing streams
Large scale
lumbering, paper
and pulp industry

Physical geo of Canada: Rivers

M
zie ack
e

Churchi
ll

n
lso
e
N

e
t . wr
S a
L

ce

Physical geo of Canada: lakes

Great
Bear
lake
Lake
Slave

Lake
Winnipeg
osis

Lake
Winnip
eg

Climatic regions of Canada

Tundr
a
Mountaino
us
Britis
h
type

Taiga
Prairi
e

Tundr
a
Tai
ga
Laurenti
an type

Agriculture in Canada

Green
house
cultivatio
n

Horticult
ure dairy
Horticult
ure dairy

Wheat,
oilseeds and
cattle

Grain,
oilseeds
dairy

Dairy,
hogs

Horticult
ure dairy

Lumbering in Canada
British Columbia state
(Vancouver) largest
producer of coniferous
trees
Ontario, Quebec states
hardwood deciduous
trees
Produce wood chips,
veneer, plywood, wood
pallets etc.

Lumbering in Canada
Principle species
softwood: Spruce,
pine, hemlock,
Cedar, Douglas fir
Hardwood: aspen
and poplar

Types of wood

Measuring of age

Uranium Reserve of Canada

McArthur
riverCigar
lake

Worlds
22% of
known
Uraniu
m
reserve

McClean
lake
Rabbit
lake
Agnew lake

Saskatche
wan state

Bancr
oft

Nickel in Canada

One of
the
largest
Nickel
produc
er

Voisey
Bay
Birch tree
Bucko lake
Sadbury

Shale Gas in Canada

British
Colum
bia

Alber
ta
Saskatche
wan
Manitob
a
Queb
ec

New
Brunsw
ick

Nova
Scoti
a

Great lakes region of Canada

M Qu
al ont ebe
c
Kin re
g
T
Hamt oonron st
o
on ilt

Milwauk
eeChica
go

Detr
oit
Tole
do

Buffalo
Clevelan
d

Hamilton steel
industry
Toronto financial
capital of Canada
Kingston - education
Montreal aerospace
and electronics
(Bombardier HQ)
Quebec port, paper
and wood industry

Industrial centers of Canada

Edmont
on
Calgary
Vancouv
er

Regi
na

Winnipe
g

Industrial centers of Canada

Cities

Importance

Vancouver Canadas largest port, lumbering

and wood industries
Calgary
Oil and gas industry
Edmonton Oil and gas reserve, petrochemical industries
Regina
Oil and gas reserve, mines of
potash, Kaolin
Winnipeg Aerospace industries